重庆市2005-2011年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies occurred in Chongqing during 2005-2011

摘要:

目的：分析重庆市突发公共卫生事件的流行特征和趋势，为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法：收集重庆市疾病预防控制中心2005年至2011年通过突发公共卫生管理系统报告的所有突发公共卫生事件，采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果：2005年至2011年重庆市报告传染病（2 011起，91.7%），重大食物和职业中毒（50起，2.28%），群体性不明原因疾病（13起，0.60%）以及其他严重影响公众健康的事件（119起，5.44%）共2 193起，发病54 938例，死亡167例。2009年报告事件数最多（727起，33.15%），每年4～6月为发病高峰。从一圈两翼看，一小时经济圈报告事件数最多（1 206起，54.99%），渝东南翼最少（299起，13.63%），渝东北翼居中（688起，31.37%）；分区县看，开县报告事件数最多（190起，8.66%），双桥区最少（3起，0.14%）。事件主要发生在学校（1 769起，80.67%），以乡小学（802起，45.34%）、乡中学为主（284起，16.05%）。结论：重庆市突发公共卫生事件以传染病事件为主，主要发生在学校。应加强以传染病事件为主、以学校为重点场所的预防和监测工作。

Abstract:

Objective：To analyze epidemiological characteristics and trend of public health emergencies occurred in Chongqing during 2005-2011 and to provide scientific basis for effective pre－vention and control. Methods：Data of all public health emer－gencies occurred in Chongqing during 2005-2011 extracting from national information management system of public health emergency report in Chongqing Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive epidemiologic method. Results：A total of 2 193 events of public health emergencies were reported，including infectious diseases（2 011 events，91.7%），food and occupation poisoning（50 events，2.28%），mass unexplained diseases（13 events，0.60%），and other events that seriously affect public health（119 events，5.44%）. There were 54 938 events and 167 deaths caused by these events. Number of reported events in 2009 were the highest（727 events，33.15%），with seasonal peak from April to June. Geographically speaking，number of reported events in one hour economic circle was the highest（1 206 events，54.99%），followed by northeast wing（688 events，31.37%） and southeast wing（299 events，13.63%）. Re－gionally speaking，number of reported events in Kaixian district was the highest（190 events，8.66%） and Shuangqiao district was the lowest（3 events，16.05%）. Events occurred mainly in the school（1 769 events，80.67%），especially in township primary school（802 events，45.34%） and township middle school（284 events，16.05%）. Conclusions：Major public health emergencies occurred in Chongqing is infectious diseases，most of which occurred in schools and we should strengthen the prevention and monitoring.