南昌市社区美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者生活质量及影响因素分析

Study on life quality and influencing factors among drug users receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Nanchang

摘要:

目的：探讨美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者的生活质量和影响因素，旨在为针对性的开展心理干预提供参考依据。方法：采用方便整群抽样的方法对2011年4月至2011年5月在南昌市东湖区美沙酮门诊美沙酮维持治疗的384例毒瘾患者进行自编问卷、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和生活质量综合评定问卷-74（general quality of life inventory-74，GQOLI-74）测评。结果：南昌市美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者GQOLI-74总均分为（48.96±5.00）分，美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者在教育程度、性格、自认为经济情况和经济压力等方面差异有统计学意义（F=4.877，F=6.481，F=8.934，F=6.162，P<0.05），而不同性别（t=-1.034，P=0.302）、职业（t=0.348，P=0.728）、居住状况（F=1.049，P=0.382）、婚姻状况（F=1.955，P=0.101）和家庭月收入具体情况（F=0.725，P=0.485）美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者间差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。多元线性逐步回归分析发现，与父母关系、与邻居的关系、对家庭义务履行情况、AIDS相关知识了解情况和焦虑标准分是影响美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者GQOLI-74总均分的主要因素。结论：美沙酮维持治疗毒瘾患者生活质量普遍较低，需要社会各界对这一群体给予更多的爱和关注，应从多个角度采用针对性的干预措施来提高患者的生活质量。

Abstract:

Objective：To investigate the life quality and influencing factors among drug users receiving methadone maintenance treat－ment and to provide references for targeted mental intervention. Methods：Drug users receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Nanchang were selected by convenience cluster sampling and were surveyed with questionnaires including self-rating anxiety scale（SAS），self-rating depression scale（SDS），general quality of life inventory-74（GQOLI-74） and self-made general questionnaire. Results：Mean score of GQOLI-74 was 48.96±5.00.There were significant differences among factors of education，character，self-con－sidered economic condition and economic pressure（F=4.877，F=6.481，F=8.934，F=6.162，P<0.05），but there was no significant differ－ence among factors of gender（t=-1.034，P=0.302），profession（t=0.348，P=0.728），living condition（F=1.049，P=0.382），marital status （F=1.955，P=0.101）and specific family income（F=0.725，P=0.485）. Multivariate linear stepwise regression indicated that the main in－fluencing factors of GQOLI-74 total score were relationship with parents and neighbors，fulfillment of family obligations，correct an－swer rate to AIDS knowledge and awareness and standard score of SAS. Conclusions：Life quality among drug users receiving methadone maintenance treatment is low，more love and attention are needed and targeted intervention measures should be taken to improve their life quality.