甲状腺相关眼病免疫相关发病机制及影响因素研究进展

Advances in immune-related pathogenesis and influencing factors of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

摘要:

甲状腺相关眼病（thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy，TAO）是一种自身免疫性疾病，大多数患者同时伴随甲状腺功能异常的症状，具体发病机制还不清楚。目前普遍认为TAO与Graves'病相关，是抗甲状腺的抗体与眼部自身抗原发生的交叉反应。TAO主要影响眼外肌、眼眶脂肪组织和眼眶内结缔组织，表现为眼眶糖胺聚糖聚集、眼眶纤维化、脂肪组织增生及眼眶组织重塑、眼球外突。多种因素都可以导致TAO发生，包括遗传因素、免疫因素及其他因素。本文主要对TAO发病免疫相关机制及影响因素作一综述。

Abstract:

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease and most patients have symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, without unclear specific pathogenesis. Currently, it is generally believed that TAO is associated with Graves'disease and is a cross reaction between anti-thyroid antibodies and ocular autoantigen. TAO mainly damages the extraocular muscle, orbital adipose tissue and intraorbital connective tissue, presenting as orbital glycosaminoglycan aggregation, orbital fibrosis, adipose tissue hyperplasia, orbital tissue remodeling and exophthalmic protrusion. TAO can be caused by many factors, including genetic factors, immune factors and other factors. This review aimed to introduce the immune-related pathogenesis of TAO and its influencing factors.