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The development and progression of heart failure involves vascular endothelial dysfunction，inflammation，and oxidative stress，and this pathophysiological process affects the activity of the nitric oxide（NO）-soluble guanylate cyclase（sGC）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP） signaling pathway. Vericiguat can increase the level of cGMP by stimulating sGC，and as a second messenger to activate protein kinases，phosphodiesterases，and subsequent signaling pathways，cGMP can dilate blood vessels，improve coronary blood flow，and inhibit the progression of inflammation and myocardial fibrosis，thereby improving the prognosis of patients with heart failure. At present，several clinical studies have been conducted for vericiguat in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction，and its safety in the treatment of heart failure patients has been widely confirmed，but its efficacy varies in different types of heart failure patients. This article reviews the changes in the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway during the onset of heart failure，the mechanism of action of vericiguat，and the advances in vericiguat in the treatment of heart failure.

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The development and progression of nervous system diseases are often accompanied by abnormal neuronal programmed cell death. Acupuncture，as a common means of preventing and treating nervous system diseases，is worthy of in-depth discussion regarding its role in regulating imbalanced neuronal programmed cell death. Acupuncture can treat cerebral ischemia，cerebral hemorrhage，craniocerebral trauma，spinal cord injury，and Alzheimer’s disease mainly by regulating neuronal apoptosis，pyroptosis，autophagy，and ferroptosis. Therefore，this article reviews the role of acupuncture in regulating neuronal programmed cell death，aiming to explore the common biological mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of various nervous system diseases and provide new ideas for relevant research.

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Sepsis and septic shock are common in intensive care units，with more than 18 million cases of severe sepsis worldwide each year. According to the epidemiological survey abroad，the case fatality rate of sepsis has exceeded that of myocardial infarction， so sepsis has become the main cause of death of non-cardiac patients in intensive care units. Medical advances have led to more and more innovative treatments for sepsis. Continuous blood purification is gradually emerging as a crucial early treatment modality for septic patients，while extracorporeal blood adsorption is also gaining attention for its therapeutic value in septic patients. This article aims to summarize the research progress of plasma inflammatory cytokine adsorption in the treatment of sepsis in recent years， as well as the common extracorporeal blood adsorption techniques that have been reported in existing research or applied clinically along with their research advances，thus providing a reference for better understanding its application value in clinical treatment and improving the prognosis，and offering help for the treatment of patients with sepsis and septic shock.

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Objective To establish a practical large animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration（IVDD） for the simulation of the influence of local factors in the human body and the role of pathophysiological stress load on IVDD.Methods In this study，lumbar dynamic and static instability（LDSI） surgery was performed to damage the posterior column structure of the goat spine； the muscles including erector spinae，latissimus dorsi，longissimus lumborum，and spinalis were ligated to destroy the dynamic stability of the lumbar spine，and the spinous process，supraspinous ligament，and interspinous ligament were ligated to destroy the static stability of the lumbar spine，resulting in the imbalance of dynamic and static forces of the lumbar spine and the loss of the stability of the posterior column. With biomechanical stability as the breakthrough point，a goat model of lumbar dynamic and static instability was established without destroying the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc，and during 52 weeks of postoperative follow-up，lumbar spine X-ray，magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），and histopathological changes were used to evaluate disc height index（DHI），Pfirrmann MRI grade，and Masuda histological score.Results In the LDSI group，the DHI of goat lumbar spine was 0.184±0.015 at week 0 before surgery，0.105±0.006 at 26 weeks after surgery，and 0.075±0.007 at 52 weeks after surgery （0 week vs. 26 weeks：P<0.05；26 weeks vs. 52 weeks：P<0.05）. In the LDSI group，the Pfirrmann grade of goat lumbar spine was 1.167±0.408 at week 0 before surgery，2.333±0.516 at 26 weeks after surgery，and 3.667±0.817 at 52 weeks after surgery（0 week vs. 26 weeks：P<0.05；26 weeks vs. 52 weeks：P<0.05）. In the LDSI group，the Masuda histological score of goat lumbar spine was 3.500±0.577 at week 0 before surgery，6.250±0.957 at 26 weeks after surgery，and 8.000±0.816 at 52 weeks after surgery（0 week vs. 26 weeks：P<0.05；26 weeks vs. 52 weeks：P<0.05）.Conclusion LDSI can cause the reduction in the height of the intervertebral disc，the blurring of endplate boundary，and the reduction in water content in goats. It simulates the process of IVDD caused by long-term repeated strain of human body without destroying the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc，which is more in line with the real condition of human body and may provide help for research on the pathogenesis of IVDD.

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Objective NLRP6（NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 6），a recently identified member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain（NOD）-like receptors family，is abundantly expressed in the intestine，liver，kidney，spleen，muscle，and other tissues or organs，playing a regulatory role in various biological processes such as inflammation，pyroptosis，and autophagy. Recently，NLRP6 was reported to exert a significant impact on the disease phenotypes of various tissues and organs under stress conditions. However，the role of NLRP6 in the growth and development of tissues and organs in a natural state remains unclear.Methods A mouse model of NLRP6 gene knockout was established using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique. The mice were raised and observed for their growth and reproduction. The spleen，liver，heart，kidney，brain，limbs，and dorsal skin of the mice were dissected，sectioned，and stained to evaluate the effect of NLRP6 gene knockout on the macroscopic development of parenchymal organs and microscopic tissue structure.Results In the natural state，NLRP6 knockout shortened the sexual maturity in male mice，resulting in irreversible ulceration and atrophy of the testicles in adult male mice. NLRP6 gene knockout led to the rupture of striated muscle in the hindlimbs in adult male mice，resulting in obvious atrophy of the hindlimbs. NLRP6 gene knockout not only significantly increased the volume of the spleen（P<0.01）but also induced inflammatory cell infiltration in male mice. NLRP6 gene knockout caused significant ulcerous damage，collagen fiber proliferation，and inflammatory cell infiltration in the dorsal skin in male mice.Conclusion In the natural condition of growth and development，NLRP6 gene knockout selectively affects genital development and sexual maturity，hindlimb muscle development，the size and immune response of the spleen，and the structural integrity of the dorsal skin in mice. This effect is significantly androgen-dependent.

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Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of progranulin（PGRN） on acute lung injury（ALI） in sepsis.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group（Control group），acute lung injury group（CLP group），and PGRN treatment group（CLP+PGRN group）. Cecal ligation and puncture（CLP） was used to establish a mouse model of septic ALI，and the mice in the CLP+PGRN group were given intraperitoneal injection of PGRN at half an hour after CLP treatment. The mice were anesthetized and sacrificed after 24 hours，and lung tissue was collected for HE staining to observe the pathological damage of lungs； the TUNEL method was used to observe cell apoptosis in lungs；immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the level of nuclear factor-kappa B（NF-κB） in lung tissue；Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of NF-κB，total p65，and phosphorylated p65（p-p65），and RT-qPCR was used to measure the levels of NF-κB and inflammatory factors.Results Compared with the Control group，the CLP group and the CLP+PGRN group had aggravated lung injury and significant increases in proinflammatory cytokines，cell apoptosis in lung tissue，and the expression levels of NF-κB，p65，and p-p65. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+PGRN group had alleviation of lung injury and apoptosis，a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines，increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines，and significant reductions in the expression levels of NF-κB，p65，and p-p65.Conclusion PGRN can alleviate ALI in mice with sepsis，possibly by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and p65 and the phosphorylation of p65.

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Objective To select genes associated with disulfidptosis-related myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI），and to explore their possible pathways of action.Methods We selected differentially expressed genes associated with MIRI between the 24 h group and the control group with the use of the limma R package； performed functional enrichment analysis on the genes through the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases with the use of the clusterProfiler R package；conducted enrichment analysis based on disulfidptosis-related gene set and GSE160516 expression data using the ssgsea method of the GSVA R package，and identified the expression of disulfidptosis-related genes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion using a Venn diagram；calculated the correlations between disulfidptosis-related genes and genes associated with apoptosis factors，mitochondria，ferroptosis，and inflammation using the corr. test of the psych R package，and generated a heatmap； and clustered the expression patterns of MIRI transcriptome data at different time points using the Mfuzz R package，and identified time series-related differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes using a Venn diagram.Results A total of 17 differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes were determined in this study. Through correlation analysis of disulfidptosis-related genes and genes associated with inflammation，apoptosis，ferroptosis，and mitochondria as well as analysis of time series-related differentially expressed genes associated with disulfidptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion，we finally identified the specific expression of disulfidptosis-related Flna，Myl6，and Tln1 genes at different time points pf MIRI.Conclusion The Flna，Myl6，and Tln1 gens may play crucial roles in MIRI，and these disulfidptosis-related genes are closely associated with mitochondria-related genes，which can be screening indicators for risk factors in patients with MIRI.

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Objective To observe the changes in scaffolding protein Homer protein homolog 1b and 1c（Homer1b/c），inositol 1，4，5-trisphosphate receptor（IP3R），metabotropic glutamate receptor 5（mGluR5），sh3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3（Shank3） protein-related complexes，and common amino acids in the prefrontal cortex of CTNND2^-/- mice with autism，and to investigate the key targets that may be involved in the development of the disease in mice with autism.Methods Western blot（WB） was used to measure the changes in the protein expression levels of Homer1b/c，postsynaptic density-95（PSD-95），synaptophysin（SYP），and vesicular glutamate transporter 1（vGluT1） in the prefrontal cortex of CTNND2^-/- mice with autism；immunofluorescent（IF） staining was used to investigate the expression and colocalization of Homer1b/c with IP3R，mGluR5，or Shank3 proteins；co-immunoprecipitation（CO-IP） was used to observe the binding of Homer1b/c to IP3R，mGluR5 or Shank3；liquid chromatography（LC） was used to analyze the changes in common amino acids in the prefrontal cortex of mice.Results Compared with the control group，the CTNND2^-/- model mice had significant reductions in the expression of Homer1b/c（P=0.003），PSD-95（P=0.003），and SYP（P=0.046） in the prefrontal cortex and a significant reduction in the binding of Homer1b/c to IP3R，mGluR5，and Shank3 proteins，and there were no significant changes in the expression levels of the common excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid in the prefrontal cortex（P=0.366 and 0.355），while there were significant increases in the expression levels of histidine（P=0.036） and tyrosine（P=0.030）.Conclusion There is low expression of Homer1b/c protein in the CTNND2^-/- mouse model of autism，and there is a reduction in the formation of Homer1b/c complexes with IP3R，Shank3，and mGluR5 proteins. It is speculated that low-expression Homer1b/c may be a key target for abnormal synaptic development in autism.

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Objective To explore the influence of optimized DNA extraction on genotyping of transgenic mice，and to compare it with commonly used reagent kits in the field of scientific research.Methods Based on our previous patent，we modified the DNA lysis buffer formula and experimental protocol. Genotyping and validation were carried out using musculin （a novel transcription factor）-transgenic mice and enhanced green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice.Results The DNA lysis solution was prepared immediately before use，and was composed of 100 μL 0.025 N NaOH，160 μL 0.5 M EDTA，and 40 mL ultrapure water. Each sample was mixed with 180 μL DNA lysis solution，at 100 ℃ for 30 min. Compared with the commonly used genotyping kits in relevant fields，the optimized DNA extraction method effectively shortened the genotyping time while ensuring the accuracy of identification，and moreover，the DNA lysis buffer preparation was simple and convenient，enabling more reaction times，and reducing reagent costs and workload considerably.Conclusion This study provides an economical，simple，and reliable DNA extraction technique for genotyping in transgenic mice，which deserves application and promotion.

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Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanisms of Maresin1（Mar1） in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion（IR） in mice.Methods Clamping of the superior mesenteric artery（SMA） was performed to establish a model of small intestinal IR. In the first part of the experiment，12 mice were randomly divided into Control group，IR group，and IR+Mar1 group，and in the second part，20 mice were randomly divided into Control group，IR group，IR+Mar1 group，IR+EX527 group，and IR+Mar1+EX527 group. Mar1 5 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before surgery，and EX527 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 day before surgery. In the control group，the SMA was isolated without clamping，and in the other model groups，the root of the SMA was clamped with a damage-free vascular clip，which was released after 45 min to establish a model of small intestinal IR. Venous blood and ileal specimens were collected at 4 hours after reperfusion in all groups. For the first part of the experiment，the levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD），malondialdehyde（MDA），and glutathione（GSH） in the intestinal tissue of each group were measured，as well as the serum level of FITC-Dextran 4000（FD-4）； immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the protein expression level of intestinal Occludin；HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of intestinal tissue. For the first and second parts of the experiment，western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of Sirt1，P-NF-κB p65（P-p65），Caspase11，and GSDMD-N in intestinal tissue.Results In the first part of the experiment，compared with the Control group，the IR group had significant increases in the level of MDA in intestinal tissue，the content of FD-4 in serum，and the degree of pathological damage（P<0.01），significant reductions in the protein expression levels of SOD，GSH，and Sirt1，and significant increases in the protein expression levels of P-p65，Caspase11，and GSDMD-N； compared with the IR group，the IR+Mar1 group had significant reductions in the level of MDA in intestinal tissue，the content of FD-4 in serum，and the degree of pathological damage（P<0.05），significant increases in the protein expression levels of SOD，GSH，and Sirt1，and significant reductions in the protein expression levels of P-p65，Caspase11，and GSDMD-N. In the second part of the experiment，compared with the IR+Mar1 group，the IR+Mar1+EX527 group had a significant reduction in the protein expression level of Sirt1 and significant increases in the protein expression levels of P-p65，Caspase11，and GSDMD-N，while there was no significant difference in the expression of proteins between the IR+EX527 group and the IR+Mar1+EX527 group.Conclusion Mar1 pretreatment can alleviate small intestinal IR injury by inhibiting the Caspase11/GSDMD pathway via Sirt1.

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Objective To investigate the effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo on acute liver injury in mice with sepsis and its possible mechanisms.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group（Control group），cecal ligation puncture group（CLP group），and Mito-Tempo treatment group（CLP+Mito-Tempo group）. Cecal ligation and puncture（CLP） was used to establish a mouse model of sepsis and acute liver injury，and the mice in the CLP+Mito-Tempo group were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of Mito-Tempo at 1 hour before CLP treatment. After 24 hours，the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed，and HE staining was used to observe liver histopathological injury；ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of inflammatory factors，and immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the level of reactive oxygen species（ROS） in liver tissue；an electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of mitochondria；Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1（cleaved caspase-1），cleaved gasdermin D（GSDMD），interleukin-1α（IL-1α），and interleukin-1β（IL-1β）.Results Compared with the Control group，the CLP group had aggravation of liver injury，an increase in ROS level，destroyed mitochondrial morphology，and increases in the expression levels of the pyroptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-1，cleaved GSDMD，IL-1α，and IL-1β. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+Mito-Tempo group had alleviation of liver injury，a reduction in ROS level，partial restoration of mitochondrial morphology，and significant reductions in the expression levels of the pyroptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-1，cleaved GSDMD，IL-1α，and IL-1β.Conclusion Mito-Tempo can alleviate acute liver injury in mice with sepsis，possibly by reducing the level of oxidative stress and inhibiting pyroptosis.

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Objective To investigate the immune cells with significant infiltration and key immune-related genes in the progression of peri-implantitis based on bioinformatics analysis.Methods The GSE106090，GSE33774，and GSE57631 datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO） were integrated. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis（ssGSEA） was used to assess the immune cell infiltration score of peri-implantitis tissue and healthy gingival tissue，and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO） regression analysis was used to identify key immune genes.Results After the three datasets were integrated and the batch effect was removed，the ClusterProfiler package was used to perform gene ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（GSEA） for peri-implantitis to identify significantly upregulated and downregulated signaling pathways and biological processes. The differentially expressed genes were intersected with the immune-related genes obtained from the ImmPort database，and key immune genes of the disease were successfully identified by the LASSO regression analysis，including C-C motif chemokine ligand 18（CCL18），interleukin-1β（IL1B），interleukin-6（IL6），complement C3（C3），natriuretic peptide receptor 3（NPR3），peptidase inhibitor 3（PI3），leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B3（LILRB3），and leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4（LGR4）. Subsequently，a correlation analysis was conducted with ssGSEA immune infiltration score，and the results showed varying degrees of correlation between these genes and the 23 types of immune cells with a significant increase in peri-implant soft tissue. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the genes such as IL1B，IL6，CCL18，C3，LGR4，PI3，and LILRB3 were mainly involved in the biological processes such as humoral immunity，adaptive immunity，leukocyte migration，and skin epidermal development，while NPR3 was mainly associated with the biological processes such as leukocyte proliferation and body fluid regulation.Conclusion Differentially expressed immune-related genes are obtained by the bioinformatics method，and eight key immune genes are identified，which participate in multiple links of immune response and inflammatory response in peri-implantitis and exhibit high sensitivity to the disease background of peri-implantitis. The identification of these immune genes provides important molecular targets for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

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Objective To investigate the metabolic disorders induced by intact-protein enteral nutrition formula in sepsis through metabolomics methods，and to provide new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment of sepsis.Methods Male mice，aged 8-12 weeks，were randomly divided into sham-operation group（Sham group），sepsis group（CLP），and sepsis+intact-protein enteral nutrition group（CLP+IPEN group），with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the CLP group were treated with cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis，while those in the Sham group were given laparotomy alone without ligation and puncture. The mice in the CLP+IPEN group received additional intact-protein enteral nutrition formula after surgery. Daily weight changes were monitored for 7 days，and samples were collected after 3 days of modeling and feeding. Staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ileum，and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of different proteins. Differentially expressed metabolites in the treatment of sepsis with intact-protein enteral nutrition formula were identified based on specific criteria.Results There were 15 differentially expressed metabolites between the CLP group and the CLP+IPEN group. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+IPEN group had significant increases in the content of five metabolites including dimethyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentane-1，5-dioate，malonic acid，and L-Serine，N-（methoxycarbonyl）-methyl ester（P<0.05）. Throughout the experiment，all three groups of mice showed a gradual reduction in body weight，and the CLP group showed the most significant weight loss on day 4（P<0.05），suggesting that intact-protein enteral nutrition formula could alleviate weight loss in mice with sepsis. The CLP+IPEN group had a significantly lower Chiu score than the CLP group（P<0.05），indicating a notable reduction in intestinal mucosal injury. Both the CLP group and the Sham group had significant increases in the expression of occludin，zonula occludens-1（ZO-1），and MUC2，suggesting that sepsis caused impairment of intestinal barrier function. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+IPEN group had significant reductions in the expression of occludin，ZO-1，and MUC2（P<0.05）.Conclusion This study investigates the metabolic disorders induced by intact-protein enteral nutrition formula in sepsis through metabolomics methods，and the results show that intact-protein enteral nutrition formula can alleviate metabolic disorders in sepsis-related intestinal injury by regulating linoleic acid metabolism，biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids，biosynthesis of fatty acids，and metabolism of cytochrome P450 substances. In addition，such formulas have the potential in enhancing intestinal barrier function，mitigating weight loss in mice，and reducing the severity of intestinal injury，thereby laying a foundation for strengthening the efficacy of sepsis treatment.

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Objective To study the neuroprotective effect of Xiaoyaosan and its chemical composition，and to identify the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan responsible for neuroprotection.Methods Xiaoyaosan was extracted using water，and the chemical composition of extract was analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. Moreover，we prepared Xiaoyaosan-containing serum and established a corticosterone（CORT，400 μmol/L） -induced PC12 cell injury model to evaluate the impact of the drug-containing serum on the proliferation rate of PC12 cells. Then we used SIMCA software to analyze the correlations between cell proliferation rate and drug components to identify the compounds in Xiaoyaosan that may have neuroprotective effects.Results Compared with the model group，the drug-containing serum could reduce the cell injury induced by CORT and promote cell proliferation（P=0.000）. Analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data in software showed that the main medicinal compounds were：paeoniflorin，glycyrrhizic acid，liquiritin，rosmarinic acid，gallic acid，2-phenylacetaldehyde，（15Z）-9，12，13-trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid，salvianolic acid B，and licorice saponin G2. The experimental results of individual compounds showed that phenylacetaldehyde was effective in neuroprotection（P=0.000）.Conclusion This research proves that Xiaoyaosan has neuroprotective effect. Fifty-five compounds were identified as potential ingredients involved in neuroprotection. Seven compounds，previously unreported and possessing potential neuroprotective properties，were identified in Xiaoyaosan. In addition，we demonstrate that phenylacetaldehyde has a neuroprotective effect，which has not been reported. The results of this study provide a reference for elucidating the material basis of the neuroprotective effect of Xiaoyaosan，and also provide data support for expanding the clinical application of Xiaoyaosan.

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Objective To investigate the effects of MK8719 （an inhibitor of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine［O-GlcNAc］ hydrolase） in a rat model of cerebral ischemic injury.Methods A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We assessed cerebral infarct volume with 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining；evaluated neuromotor function using the modified Neurological Severity Score；observed cerebral tissue changes after injury with Nissl staining and HE staining；and assessed the activation of anti-inflammatory microglia by immunofluorescence assay. An in-vitro BV2 microglia-based oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation model was established to simulate ischemia-hypoxia/reperfusion injury. We measured the levels of total signal transducer and activator of transcription 6（STAT6），nuclear STAT6，phosphorylated STAT6，and O-GlcNAcylated STAT6 by Western blot；and measured the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin（IL）-6 and IL-1β and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） released from microglia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The model rats treated with MK8719 showed a significantly smaller cerebral infarct size，significantly alleviated neurological deficits，and a significantly higher proportion of anti-inflammatory microglia. BV2 cells treated with MK8719 showed significantly increased expression of O-GlcNAcylated STAT6，phosphorylated STAT6（P<0.001），and nuclear STAT6，significantly reduced release of IL-6 and IL-1β（P<0.001），and significantly increased release of IL-10 and TGF-β（P<0.001）.Conclusion MK8719 can produce neuroprotective effects in rats with cerebral ischemic injury，which may be mediated by STAT6 activating anti-inflammatory microglia.

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Objective To elucidate the effect of Maresin-1（MaR1） on chronic social defeated stress（CSDS）-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent mice（5-8 weeks old），validate its role in CSDS-induced neuroinflammation，and provide a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of depression and exploring biomarkers.Methods Multiple methods were used to measure depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6J mice ten days after CSDS induction. The mice were treated with MaR1（5 μg/kg） intravenously every two days to observe its effect on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. Behavioral experiments were followed by positron emission tomography-computerized tomography（PET-CT） scanning and quantitative analysis of PET images. The mouse brain tissue samples were collected for immunofluorescence staining，and the immunofluorescence intensities of Iba-1 cells in the hippocampal region and translocator protein（TSPO） were calculated using Image J. The mouse hippocampus was dissected on ice，immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen，and stored at -80°C for subsequent RNA extraction. A kit was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β），and IL-4.Results Compared to the control group，mice subjected to CSDS stress showed a lower sucrose preference ratio（P=0.003），lower social interaction ratio（P=0.000），longer immobility time（P=0.002），and microglial cell activation in the hippocampal region evidenced by increased standardized uptake values（P=0.020），enhanced immunofluorescence intensity of Iba-1 and TSPO（P=0.000），and increased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α（P=0.016，0.036）. In contrast，MaR1 improved CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors，inhibited microglia activation，and reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors.Conclusion MaR1 can alleviate CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent mice and inhibit the activation of microglia. Neuroinflammation is a potential pathogenic factor for depression in adolescents，and drugs with anti-inflammatory properties such as MaR1 hold promise for use as a clinically relevant antidepressant，which needs further investigation.

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Objective To study and develop a three-dimensional visualization model that automatically reconstructs common brain tumors and important structures around them based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） data of the head and to validate its performance and clinical applicability.Methods Multimodal MRI data of the head with common brain tumors were collected and divided into training set，validation set，and clinical testing set. In the training and verification sets，the system's ability to automatically segment and reconstruct brain tumors and surrounding structures was trained through the algorithm of 3D depth convolutional neural network. In the clinical testing set，the reconstruction was completed by the system and a human，respectively，and the reconstruction efficiency and image quality were compared between the two methods.Results The time spent on completing the integrated model reconstruction of a tumor and its surrounding structure was significantly reduced from 5442±623 seconds （by a human） to （657±78） seconds（by the system）（t=27.530，P=0.000）. Meanwhile，the model reconstructed by the system had high consistency with the original image（Dice coefficient=0.92），and there was no significant difference in the image quality between the system and human reconstruction.Conclusion The automatic segmentation and fully automatic 3D visualization reconstruction of brain tumors and their surrounding structures using algorithms such as deep learning based on multimodal imaging data are accurate，efficient，and reliable，which is of great significance in the diagnosis of brain tumors and the formulation of surgical plans.

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors for early miscarriage in in patients with thin endometrium during fresh embryo transfer based on multiple machine learning methods，to establish a predictive model，and to provide reasonable ideas for preventing early miscarriage in patients with thin endometrium undergoing fresh embryo transfer.Methods A total of 1153 patients with thin endometrium who underwent fresh embryo transfer for the first time were enrolled in this study，and LASSO regression and random forest recursive feature elimination（RFE） were used for feature selection. Six machine learning models were developed and compared in terms of cross validation，accuracy，sensitivity，recall rate，f1 value，area under the ROC curve，and calibration curve. SHAP plots were used to elucidate the influencing factors for early miscarriage.Results A total of 29 feature variables were identified by LASSO regression and random forest RFE and were included in the six machine learning models，among which the multilayer perceptron model showed the best discriminatory ability for early miscarriage，with an area under the ROC curve of 0.803（95%CI=0.772-0.834）. The random forest，XGBoost，and AdaBoost models had an area under the ROC curve of >0.7.Conclusion This study establishes a machine learning-based predictive model for early miscarriage in patients with thin endometrium during fresh embryo transfer，and validation of various evaluation metrics shows that the model has good performance and can help clinicians to achieve the early diagnosis of patients，thereby providing ideas for improving the pregnancy outcome of patients at high risk of early miscarriage in the future.

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Objective To prospectively study the abundance and diversity of bacterial flora in the colostrum of postpartum women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） and normal postpartum women.Methods According to the inclusion criteria，we enrolled 30 postpartum women with GDM and 30 healthy postpartum controls，all undergoing a cesarean delivery. Colostrum samples were collected from each subject to isolate DNA for high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rRNA V3-V4 amplicon using the Illumina MiSeq platform.Results The abundance-based coverage estimator for evaluating microbial richness was significantly different between the normal group and the GDM group（P=0.039）. The two groups showed no significant difference in alpha diversity，but differed significantly in beta diversity（P=0.001）. Compared with the control group，the GDM group showed lower mean relative abundance levels of the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla，Streptococcaceae and Gemellaceae families，and Streptococcus and Roseburia genera； and higher mean relative abundance levels of the Actinobacteria phylum，Staphylococcaceae family，and Staphylococcus genus in the milk.Conclusion The abundance and diversity of colostrum microbiota are different between GDM mothers and healthy mothers，and the decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the breast milk of women with GDM may influence the establishment of gut microbiota and the growth and development of their children in the early stage. Quantifying the composition of breast milk microbiota has special significance for GDM mothers and their offspring.

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Objective To investigate the accuracy of a model established based on machine learning and computed tomography（CT） radiomics features in predicting vertebral fragility fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the CT images and clinical data of 140 patients，among whom there were 70 T2DM patients with newly diagnosed vertebral fragility fractures and 70 patients in the control group. The previous CT images and clinical data of 18 patients（16 T2DM patients with vertebral fragility fractures and 2 patients in the control group） were collected as an external validation set. The optimal features were screened by the univariate analysis，the Pearson correlation analysis，minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm，the binary logistic regression analysis，and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model，and then a predictive model was constructed by support vector machine，multi-layer perceptron，and eXtreme gradient boosting（XGBoost） classifiers. The area under the ROC curve（AUC） was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.Results A total of 1 037 radiomics features were extracted from the CT images of each patient and were then simplified into 14 radiomics features. Among the 17 clinical features，sex，age，and body mass index were independent factors for predicting outcome. XGBoost classifier showed the best performance，and the XGBoost model showed an AUC of 1.000，0.929，and 1.000，respectively，in the training set and an AUC of 0.954，0.862，and 0.969，respectively，in the test set.Conclusion The XGBoost model based on clinical and radiomics features can be used as a noninvasive tool for predicting vertebral fragility fractures in T2DM patients.

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Objective To investigate the clinical value of CXC chemokine receptor type 4（CXCR4）-targeting ⁶⁸Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography（PET/CT） radionuclide-based imaging in the functional localization of the dominant side and prognosis of primary aldosteronism（PA）.Methods A total of 66 inpatients diagnosed with PA in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2022 to May 2023 were selected. All patients were examined by PET/CT and adrenal vein sampling（AVS），and underwent unilateral or partial laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The coincidence rate of PET/CT and AVS in the diagnosis of PA lateralization was analyzed and compared. According to the improvement in blood pressure，medication，and blood potassium level during postoperative follow-up，the accuracy rate of functional localization diagnosis on the dominant side of PA by PET/CT and the predictive value of maximum standardized uptake value（SUVmax） of lesions for postoperative prognosis of patients were evaluated.Results Among the 66 surgical patients，unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 63 patients and partial adrenalectomy in 3 patients. Postoperative pathological examinations showed adenoma in 58 patients and hyperplasia in 8 patients. The coincidence rate of PET/CT and AVS in the diagnosis of PA lateralization was 83.3%（55/66）. Based on the postoperative clinical benefit，the accuracy rates of PET/CT and AVS in the functional localization diagnosis of the dominant side of PA were 88.14%（52/59） and 93.22%（55/59），respectively. SUVmax in postoperative cured patients［14.70 （8.75，19.45）］ was significantly higher than that in postoperative improved patients［10.90 （6.65，14.10）］（P=0.026）. Preoperative SUVmax was positively correlated with postoperative aldosterone decrease，aldosterone/renin ratio decrease，and serum potassium increase（r=0.267，0.365，and 0.392，P=0.034，0.003，and 0.001，respectively）.Conclusion CXCR4-targeting ⁶⁸Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for localization diagnosis of the dominant side of PA has an accuracy rate close to that of AVS，but with the advantages of repeatability and non-invasiveness. The higher the SUVmax，the more obvious the postoperative clinical benefit，showing a certain prognostic value.

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Objective: To analyze the clinical features, pathological changes and treatment of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), improve the understanding and clinical diagnosis of AIN. Methods: 199 cases of children AIN in our hospital during the period of January, 2010 to December, 2017 were analyzed about the clinical features, auxiliary examination and treatment outcome. Results: There were 180 cases of infection-induced AIN in199 cases, accounting for 90.4%, respiratory infections were the most common (66.8%), followed by digestive infection. The main pathogens are virus infection, including EB virus, Coxsackie virus, Respiratory syncytial virus and so on. 125 cases of DAIN, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (52.5%) and antibiotics (30.3%) were the most common. 19 cases (9.5%) of Non-infectious diseases, including bee stings, poisoning, Surgery and so on. The main clinical manifestations included 117 cases of fever (58.8%), 60 cases of vomiting (39.2%), 46 cases of abdominal pain (30.2%), 35 cases of diarrhea (17.6%), 9 cases of eosinophilia (4.5%), and 9 cases (4.5%) of rash. renal damage include 147 cases (73.9%) of hematuria, 86 cases (43.2%) of edema, 82 cases (41.2%) of oliguria or anuria. Typical triads are not seen in this study. 69 patients (34.7%) had ARF, 50 patients (26.1%) had an increase in 24h urinary protein (mean 0.49 ± 0.45g/24 h). Urine routine include hematuria (73.9%), proteinuria (64.3%), leukocyturia (28.6%) . Four cases of renal biopsy were performed with tubulointerstitial lesions, and the glomerulus and renal vessels were basically normal. All patients were treated with removal cause and symptomatic treatment, 46 patients were treated with blood purification because of ARF or poisoning, 6 of them were combined with glucocorticoid, renal function and Urine tests returned to normal in the short term. Conclusion: The main cause of AIN in children is infection, mainly viral infection, followed by drugs. The clinical manifestations is unexplained renal function decline and abnormal urine test. Acute renal failure may occur in severe cases .Timely diagnosis and remove the cause of the key to treatment, blood purification and short-term glucocorticoid therapy if it is necessary, most of them have a good prognosis.

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#$NLObjective：To detect the expression of microRNA-496(miR-496) in ovarian serous carcinoma, analyze its clinical significance, analyze its correlation with homologous heteroprotein SIX1(SIX1). Methods：75 cases of ovarian serous carcinoma were selected as the observation group, 75 cases of ovarian serous cystic adenoma were selected as the control group. Expression of miR-496 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in two groups. Expression of PCNA and BAX was detected by immunohistochemical method in the observation group. Expression of SIX1 was detected by Western Blot method in the observation group. Results：Expression of miR-496 was lower in the observation group than that in the control group(P<0.05). The expression of miR-496 was statistically significant in different tumor maximum diameter, histological grade, vascular recidivism, bilateral occurrence, lymph node metastasis and different TNM stages in the observation group(P<0.05). Expression of miR-496 is related to survival time(P<0.05). Negative correlation were found between miR-496 and PCNA(r=-0.54,P=0.018), miR-496 and SIX1(r=-0.58, P=0.013), positive correlation were found between miR-496 and BAX(r=0.52,P=0.011). Conclusion：Expression of miR-496 of ovarian serous carcinoma is decreased, which has a certain regulatory effect on the formation and development of the tumor. Expression of miR-496 has a certain significance for judging the prognosis. MiR-496 not only regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, but also may play a role in the regulation of SIX1.

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objective To identify pathogenic mutation of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in a family with tuberous sclerosis, and to analyze clinical data of this mutation. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples and clinical data of the patients and her parents were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted. All coding exons of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to direct sequencing. The clinical data of all patients with this mutation in internal reports were concluded. Result The patient has presented angiofibroma of the right waists, left popliteal fossa and face for more than twenty years. She also had epilepsy but no mental retardation. A nosense mutation was c.1513C>T was detected in exon 14 of the TSC2 gene, which had led to a premature stop eodon TAG after the 505th amino acids.The same mutation was not found in her parents and 25 unrelated healthy controls. Conclusion The nosense mutation c.1513C>T in the TSC2 gene may be responsible for the disease in the patients and the clinical phenotype of this mutation was very diverse.

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Objective: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) in osteosarcoma tissues and the effect of MMP-9 on the progression of osteosarcoma and its clinical significance. Methods: The expression of MMPs’ family in 5 osteosarcoma specimens and 5 normal bone tissues was detected by real-time PCR. shRNA was used to knockdown the expression of MMP-9 in Saos2 cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration of the cells after transfection were detected for the effects of MMP-9 down-regulation. According to the expression of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma, 64 follow-up cases were grouped and analyzed for survival rate. Results: Screening of MMPs’ family revealed that the expression of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal bone tissues (t=12.040, P=0.000). In cell proliferation, invasion and scratch test, there was no significant difference between blank control group and negative control group. But compared with negative control group, down-regulation of MMP-9 in Saos2 cells markedly repressed cell proliferation，decreased invasion and migration (t=4.954, P=0.008; t=6.360, P=0.003; t=3.965, P=0.017) . In addition, a survival analysis in 64 follow-up cases showed that the overall survival rate of the high-MMP-9 group was significantly lower than that of the low-MMP-9 group (χ2=4.169，P=0.041). Conclusion: The high expression of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma tissue is closely related to the proliferation, invasion and migration of osteosarcoma, which has certain implication for the clinical prognosis of patients.

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With the aggravation of population aging, Alzheimer"s disease (AD), as an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, plagues people all over the world and brings heavy burden to families and society.Acupuncture play an increasingly important role in the clinical treatment of AD with its advantages of safety, simplicity and good effect.This paper summarizes the molecular biology research of acupuncture in the treatment of AD in the past five years.It summarizes the effects of acupuncture on AD through regulating the level of abnormal proteins, regulating the central cholinergic system, protecting neurons, regulating energy metabolism, inhibiting inflammatory response, and increasing the level of autophagic activity. It provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of AD.

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Objective:To study the feasibility and regulation mechanism of recombinant human parathyroid hormone(rhPTH) to promote orthodontic tooth movement after maxillary anterior osteotomy. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits were used to a model of anterior maxillary osteotomy and the orthodontical movement of right maxillary first molars. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The group received subcutaneous injection of rhPTH 20 μg/kg or normal saline every other day. On the 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21th days, the animals were sacrificed respectively. Then the mesial movement distance of the right maxillary first molars was measured. The TRAP staining, immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative PCR were performed on the proximal periodontal tissues of the moving tooth. Results: At the same stage, the moving distance and speed of the first molars in the experimental group were faster than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the mesial periodontal tissue of right maxillary first molars, the osteoclast counts of the experimental group was significantly larger than that of the control group (P<0.05). Through immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative PCR Testing, In the mesial periodontal tissue of right maxillary first molars, the expression of Sclerostin (SOST) mRNA and protein in the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) mRNA and protein in the experimental group were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the proximal pressure side of the orthodontic tooth after maxillary anterior osteotomy, subcutaneous injection of rhPTH may increase the alveolar bone remodeling to accelerate the movement speed of orthodontic tooth by up-regulating the expression of SOST and reducing the expression of BMP-2.

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Objective: To analyze the clinical features of pancreatic dermoid cysts. Methods: The clinical and imaging data of a patient with dermoid cyst of pancreatic head were reported and reviewed with related literature. Results: The patient was found to have a head position on the head of the pancreas and no clinical symptoms were admitted to the hospital. After the relevant examination, the solid pseudopapillary tumor was considered. After the surgical resection and pathological examination, the pancreatic dermoid cyst was diagnosed. There was no recurrence after follow-up. Conclusion: Dermoid cyst of Pancreatic head is a very rare benign tumor in clinical practice. The imaging findings are not specific and the diagnosis is difficult.

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Objective This study aimed to assess the correlation of plasma miR-126 with the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severity, inflammation level and prognosis in sepsis patients. Methods One hundred and seventy-two sepsis patients were enrolled in this study. The peripheral blood samples of patients were collected within 24 hours after hospital admission, and plasma was separated for miR-126 expression detection by quantitive polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17) levels in plasma were evaluated by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the 28-day mortality was recorded as well. Results There were 50 (30.8%) patients who had ARDS during hospitalization, and plasma miR-126 expression was elevated in ARDS patients compared with non-ARDS patients (P<0.001), and it could differentiate ARDS patients form non-ARDS patients with AUC of 0.741 (95%CI: 0.666-0.815) according to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis revealed that plasma miR-126 (high vs. low) independently predicted higher risk of ARDS (P<0.001). In addition, in the total sepsis patients, plasma miR-126 expression was positively correlated with levels of Scr (P=0.004), CRP (P<0.001), PCT (P<0.001), APACHE II score (P<0.001), SOFA score (P<0.001), and TNF-α (P=0.001), IL-1β (P=0.002), IL-6 (P=0.011) as well as IL-17 (P=0.002) expressions in plasma. Moreover, the plasma miR-126 was upregulated in non-survivors compared with that in survivors (P<0.001), ROC curve analysis revealed that it could distinguish survivors form the non-survivors with AUC of 0.686 (95%CI: 0.601-0.771). Conclusion Higher circulating miR-126 expression is correlated with higher risk of ARDS and could serve as a biomarker for disease surveillance and prognosis in sepsis.

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回顾性分析我院确诊的1例脂质沉积性肌病，结合文献报道总结脂质沉积性肌病的临床表现和病理特点, 并分析容易误诊为多发性肌炎的原因。

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Objective：To observe the proliferation activities，phenotype changes and killing activities of liver cell antigen-pulsed den－dritic cells（Ag-DC） cultured with cytokine-induced killer（CIK） cells against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. Methods：Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMNC） were isolated from healthy donors，then DC and CIK cells were induced. The Ag-DC was co-cul－tured with CIK（Ag-DC-CIK） and the phenotype and proliferation of CIK and Ag-DC-CIK cells were observed. Their cytotoxicity ac－tivities against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells were detected by MTT assay. Results：The proliferation of Ag-DC-CIK cell group was significantly enhanced and high expressions of double positive cells of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56+ were observed. The proliferation and cytotoxic activity were higher in Ag-DC-CIK cells than in CIK cells（P<0.05）. Conclusion：The proliferation and liver cancer cell-killing activity of Ag-DC-CIK cells which obtained from co-culturing of Ag-DC and CIK cells are significantly higher compared with those of CIK cells.

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Objective：To explore the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide（VIP） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in ex－pressed prostatic secretions（EPS） of patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis and to discuss the value of VIP and TNF-α in the diagnosis and treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis. Methods：Sixty-nine patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis were investigated including 37 cases of type Ⅲa and 32 cases of type Ⅲb. Levels of VIP and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Results：Contents of VIP in EPS were significantly higher in type Ⅲa and type Ⅲb groups（Ⅲa group：（51.33±10.63） pg/ml；Ⅲb group：（47.45±7.55） pg/ml） than in control group（（25.95±4.74） pg/ml）. Contents of TNF-α were significantly higher in type Ⅲa group（（76.08±15.44） pg/ml） than in type Ⅲb group（（27.85±6.43） pg/ml） and control group（（10.30±3.62） pg/ml）；significantly higher in Ⅲb group than in control group with statis－tical differences（P=0.0０0）. Contents of VIP were positively related with NIH-chronic prostatitis symptom index（r=0.711，P=0.000） and international prostate symptom score（r=0.428，P=0.000）. Conclusions：Contents of VIP and TNF-α are significantly higher in type Ⅲ prostatitis groups than in control group. Differences are existed in TNF-α contents between type Ⅲa group and type Ⅲb. Detection of VIP and TNF-α may provide valuable indicators in the diagnosis and treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis.

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Objective:　To study the infiltration patterns of immune cells in cutaneous melanoma and to explore the relationship between immune cells infiltration and clinical prognosis. Methods:　Transcripts and related clinical data of cutaneous melanoma were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The proportion of 22 kinds of immune cells were calculated by deconvolution method with Cibersort software. The correlation between immune cells proportion and gender was calculated by R programming language, and K-M survival analysis with log-rank method was used to determine the correlation between each kind of immune cells and overall survival (OS). Results:　A total of 472 gene transcripts were obtained from the TCGA database, including 470 cases of cutaneous melanoma and 2 cases of normal tissues. Each sample detected 60, 483 genetic loci and extracted 19, 658 mRNAs. After data correction, the proportion of 22 kinds of immune cells was obtained by deconvolution method with Cibersort software. Totally 219 cases of cutaneous melanoma and 1 case of normal skin tissue were obtained by screening samples with the criteria P<0.05. M0 macrophages, CD8⁺T cells, and M2 macrophages were the types of immune cells with higher levels of infiltration in melanoma tissues. The strongly correlated immune cells included CD8⁺T cells and M0 macrophages (-0.62), and inactivated CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells (-0.53).K-M survival analysis showed that patients with the higher proportion of inactivated mast cells (P=0.015) and inactivated NK cells (P=0.025) had worse prognosis, and patients with the higher proportion of γδT cells (P=0.043) had better prognosis. The proportion of inactive mast cells in female with melanoma was less than that in male (P=0.028). Conclusion:　There are differences in the composition of infiltrated immune cells in cutaneous melanoma. These cells are likely to be important determinants of prognosis, which helps us develop effective immunotherapy.

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The development and progression of heart failure involves vascular endothelial dysfunction，inflammation，and oxidative stress，and this pathophysiological process affects the activity of the nitric oxide（NO）-soluble guanylate cyclase（sGC）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP） signaling pathway. Vericiguat can increase the level of cGMP by stimulating sGC，and as a second messenger to activate protein kinases，phosphodiesterases，and subsequent signaling pathways，cGMP can dilate blood vessels，improve coronary blood flow，and inhibit the progression of inflammation and myocardial fibrosis，thereby improving the prognosis of patients with heart failure. At present，several clinical studies have been conducted for vericiguat in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction，and its safety in the treatment of heart failure patients has been widely confirmed，but its efficacy varies in different types of heart failure patients. This article reviews the changes in the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway during the onset of heart failure，the mechanism of action of vericiguat，and the advances in vericiguat in the treatment of heart failure.

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Objective：To compare the efficacy of composite restoration in the treatment of three kinds of cracked teeth at 2 years after the operation. Methods：According to experimental method and types of crack，95 cracked maxillary first molars were divided into 3 groups. All the teeth were restored with a composite restoration and the curative effects of different kinds of cracked teeth were com－pared at 2 years after the operation. Results：With 2-year follow-up，the success rate of single cracked group was 86.1% while pen－etrating cracked group was 76.7% and mixed cracked group was 48.1%. Results showed that the curative effect of mixed crack was obviously lower than that of single crack after 2 years，mainly concerning pulp survival and restoration survival，but no significant difference was observed between penetrating crack and other crack. Conclusion： Prognosis of cracked tooth is closely related to the type of crack.

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The development and progression of nervous system diseases are often accompanied by abnormal neuronal programmed cell death. Acupuncture，as a common means of preventing and treating nervous system diseases，is worthy of in-depth discussion regarding its role in regulating imbalanced neuronal programmed cell death. Acupuncture can treat cerebral ischemia，cerebral hemorrhage，craniocerebral trauma，spinal cord injury，and Alzheimer’s disease mainly by regulating neuronal apoptosis，pyroptosis，autophagy，and ferroptosis. Therefore，this article reviews the role of acupuncture in regulating neuronal programmed cell death，aiming to explore the common biological mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of various nervous system diseases and provide new ideas for relevant research.

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Sepsis and septic shock are common in intensive care units，with more than 18 million cases of severe sepsis worldwide each year. According to the epidemiological survey abroad，the case fatality rate of sepsis has exceeded that of myocardial infarction， so sepsis has become the main cause of death of non-cardiac patients in intensive care units. Medical advances have led to more and more innovative treatments for sepsis. Continuous blood purification is gradually emerging as a crucial early treatment modality for septic patients，while extracorporeal blood adsorption is also gaining attention for its therapeutic value in septic patients. This article aims to summarize the research progress of plasma inflammatory cytokine adsorption in the treatment of sepsis in recent years， as well as the common extracorporeal blood adsorption techniques that have been reported in existing research or applied clinically along with their research advances，thus providing a reference for better understanding its application value in clinical treatment and improving the prognosis，and offering help for the treatment of patients with sepsis and septic shock.

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Objective NLRP6（NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 6），a recently identified member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain（NOD）-like receptors family，is abundantly expressed in the intestine，liver，kidney，spleen，muscle，and other tissues or organs，playing a regulatory role in various biological processes such as inflammation，pyroptosis，and autophagy. Recently，NLRP6 was reported to exert a significant impact on the disease phenotypes of various tissues and organs under stress conditions. However，the role of NLRP6 in the growth and development of tissues and organs in a natural state remains unclear.Methods A mouse model of NLRP6 gene knockout was established using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique. The mice were raised and observed for their growth and reproduction. The spleen，liver，heart，kidney，brain，limbs，and dorsal skin of the mice were dissected，sectioned，and stained to evaluate the effect of NLRP6 gene knockout on the macroscopic development of parenchymal organs and microscopic tissue structure.Results In the natural state，NLRP6 knockout shortened the sexual maturity in male mice，resulting in irreversible ulceration and atrophy of the testicles in adult male mice. NLRP6 gene knockout led to the rupture of striated muscle in the hindlimbs in adult male mice，resulting in obvious atrophy of the hindlimbs. NLRP6 gene knockout not only significantly increased the volume of the spleen（P<0.01）but also induced inflammatory cell infiltration in male mice. NLRP6 gene knockout caused significant ulcerous damage，collagen fiber proliferation，and inflammatory cell infiltration in the dorsal skin in male mice.Conclusion In the natural condition of growth and development，NLRP6 gene knockout selectively affects genital development and sexual maturity，hindlimb muscle development，the size and immune response of the spleen，and the structural integrity of the dorsal skin in mice. This effect is significantly androgen-dependent.

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Objective To study and develop a three-dimensional visualization model that automatically reconstructs common brain tumors and important structures around them based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） data of the head and to validate its performance and clinical applicability.Methods Multimodal MRI data of the head with common brain tumors were collected and divided into training set，validation set，and clinical testing set. In the training and verification sets，the system's ability to automatically segment and reconstruct brain tumors and surrounding structures was trained through the algorithm of 3D depth convolutional neural network. In the clinical testing set，the reconstruction was completed by the system and a human，respectively，and the reconstruction efficiency and image quality were compared between the two methods.Results The time spent on completing the integrated model reconstruction of a tumor and its surrounding structure was significantly reduced from 5442±623 seconds （by a human） to （657±78） seconds（by the system）（t=27.530，P=0.000）. Meanwhile，the model reconstructed by the system had high consistency with the original image（Dice coefficient=0.92），and there was no significant difference in the image quality between the system and human reconstruction.Conclusion The automatic segmentation and fully automatic 3D visualization reconstruction of brain tumors and their surrounding structures using algorithms such as deep learning based on multimodal imaging data are accurate，efficient，and reliable，which is of great significance in the diagnosis of brain tumors and the formulation of surgical plans.

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Objective To investigate the effects of MK8719 （an inhibitor of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine［O-GlcNAc］ hydrolase） in a rat model of cerebral ischemic injury.Methods A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We assessed cerebral infarct volume with 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining；evaluated neuromotor function using the modified Neurological Severity Score；observed cerebral tissue changes after injury with Nissl staining and HE staining；and assessed the activation of anti-inflammatory microglia by immunofluorescence assay. An in-vitro BV2 microglia-based oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation model was established to simulate ischemia-hypoxia/reperfusion injury. We measured the levels of total signal transducer and activator of transcription 6（STAT6），nuclear STAT6，phosphorylated STAT6，and O-GlcNAcylated STAT6 by Western blot；and measured the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin（IL）-6 and IL-1β and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） released from microglia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The model rats treated with MK8719 showed a significantly smaller cerebral infarct size，significantly alleviated neurological deficits，and a significantly higher proportion of anti-inflammatory microglia. BV2 cells treated with MK8719 showed significantly increased expression of O-GlcNAcylated STAT6，phosphorylated STAT6（P<0.001），and nuclear STAT6，significantly reduced release of IL-6 and IL-1β（P<0.001），and significantly increased release of IL-10 and TGF-β（P<0.001）.Conclusion MK8719 can produce neuroprotective effects in rats with cerebral ischemic injury，which may be mediated by STAT6 activating anti-inflammatory microglia.

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Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of progranulin（PGRN） on acute lung injury（ALI） in sepsis.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group（Control group），acute lung injury group（CLP group），and PGRN treatment group（CLP+PGRN group）. Cecal ligation and puncture（CLP） was used to establish a mouse model of septic ALI，and the mice in the CLP+PGRN group were given intraperitoneal injection of PGRN at half an hour after CLP treatment. The mice were anesthetized and sacrificed after 24 hours，and lung tissue was collected for HE staining to observe the pathological damage of lungs； the TUNEL method was used to observe cell apoptosis in lungs；immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the level of nuclear factor-kappa B（NF-κB） in lung tissue；Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of NF-κB，total p65，and phosphorylated p65（p-p65），and RT-qPCR was used to measure the levels of NF-κB and inflammatory factors.Results Compared with the Control group，the CLP group and the CLP+PGRN group had aggravated lung injury and significant increases in proinflammatory cytokines，cell apoptosis in lung tissue，and the expression levels of NF-κB，p65，and p-p65. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+PGRN group had alleviation of lung injury and apoptosis，a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines，increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines，and significant reductions in the expression levels of NF-κB，p65，and p-p65.Conclusion PGRN can alleviate ALI in mice with sepsis，possibly by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and p65 and the phosphorylation of p65.

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Objective To study the neuroprotective effect of Xiaoyaosan and its chemical composition，and to identify the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan responsible for neuroprotection.Methods Xiaoyaosan was extracted using water，and the chemical composition of extract was analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. Moreover，we prepared Xiaoyaosan-containing serum and established a corticosterone（CORT，400 μmol/L） -induced PC12 cell injury model to evaluate the impact of the drug-containing serum on the proliferation rate of PC12 cells. Then we used SIMCA software to analyze the correlations between cell proliferation rate and drug components to identify the compounds in Xiaoyaosan that may have neuroprotective effects.Results Compared with the model group，the drug-containing serum could reduce the cell injury induced by CORT and promote cell proliferation（P=0.000）. Analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data in software showed that the main medicinal compounds were：paeoniflorin，glycyrrhizic acid，liquiritin，rosmarinic acid，gallic acid，2-phenylacetaldehyde，（15Z）-9，12，13-trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid，salvianolic acid B，and licorice saponin G2. The experimental results of individual compounds showed that phenylacetaldehyde was effective in neuroprotection（P=0.000）.Conclusion This research proves that Xiaoyaosan has neuroprotective effect. Fifty-five compounds were identified as potential ingredients involved in neuroprotection. Seven compounds，previously unreported and possessing potential neuroprotective properties，were identified in Xiaoyaosan. In addition，we demonstrate that phenylacetaldehyde has a neuroprotective effect，which has not been reported. The results of this study provide a reference for elucidating the material basis of the neuroprotective effect of Xiaoyaosan，and also provide data support for expanding the clinical application of Xiaoyaosan.

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Objective To establish a practical large animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration（IVDD） for the simulation of the influence of local factors in the human body and the role of pathophysiological stress load on IVDD.Methods In this study，lumbar dynamic and static instability（LDSI） surgery was performed to damage the posterior column structure of the goat spine； the muscles including erector spinae，latissimus dorsi，longissimus lumborum，and spinalis were ligated to destroy the dynamic stability of the lumbar spine，and the spinous process，supraspinous ligament，and interspinous ligament were ligated to destroy the static stability of the lumbar spine，resulting in the imbalance of dynamic and static forces of the lumbar spine and the loss of the stability of the posterior column. With biomechanical stability as the breakthrough point，a goat model of lumbar dynamic and static instability was established without destroying the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc，and during 52 weeks of postoperative follow-up，lumbar spine X-ray，magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），and histopathological changes were used to evaluate disc height index（DHI），Pfirrmann MRI grade，and Masuda histological score.Results In the LDSI group，the DHI of goat lumbar spine was 0.184±0.015 at week 0 before surgery，0.105±0.006 at 26 weeks after surgery，and 0.075±0.007 at 52 weeks after surgery （0 week vs. 26 weeks：P<0.05；26 weeks vs. 52 weeks：P<0.05）. In the LDSI group，the Pfirrmann grade of goat lumbar spine was 1.167±0.408 at week 0 before surgery，2.333±0.516 at 26 weeks after surgery，and 3.667±0.817 at 52 weeks after surgery（0 week vs. 26 weeks：P<0.05；26 weeks vs. 52 weeks：P<0.05）. In the LDSI group，the Masuda histological score of goat lumbar spine was 3.500±0.577 at week 0 before surgery，6.250±0.957 at 26 weeks after surgery，and 8.000±0.816 at 52 weeks after surgery（0 week vs. 26 weeks：P<0.05；26 weeks vs. 52 weeks：P<0.05）.Conclusion LDSI can cause the reduction in the height of the intervertebral disc，the blurring of endplate boundary，and the reduction in water content in goats. It simulates the process of IVDD caused by long-term repeated strain of human body without destroying the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc，which is more in line with the real condition of human body and may provide help for research on the pathogenesis of IVDD.

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Objective To elucidate the effect of Maresin-1（MaR1） on chronic social defeated stress（CSDS）-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent mice（5-8 weeks old），validate its role in CSDS-induced neuroinflammation，and provide a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of depression and exploring biomarkers.Methods Multiple methods were used to measure depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6J mice ten days after CSDS induction. The mice were treated with MaR1（5 μg/kg） intravenously every two days to observe its effect on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. Behavioral experiments were followed by positron emission tomography-computerized tomography（PET-CT） scanning and quantitative analysis of PET images. The mouse brain tissue samples were collected for immunofluorescence staining，and the immunofluorescence intensities of Iba-1 cells in the hippocampal region and translocator protein（TSPO） were calculated using Image J. The mouse hippocampus was dissected on ice，immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen，and stored at -80°C for subsequent RNA extraction. A kit was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β），and IL-4.Results Compared to the control group，mice subjected to CSDS stress showed a lower sucrose preference ratio（P=0.003），lower social interaction ratio（P=0.000），longer immobility time（P=0.002），and microglial cell activation in the hippocampal region evidenced by increased standardized uptake values（P=0.020），enhanced immunofluorescence intensity of Iba-1 and TSPO（P=0.000），and increased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α（P=0.016，0.036）. In contrast，MaR1 improved CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors，inhibited microglia activation，and reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors.Conclusion MaR1 can alleviate CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent mice and inhibit the activation of microglia. Neuroinflammation is a potential pathogenic factor for depression in adolescents，and drugs with anti-inflammatory properties such as MaR1 hold promise for use as a clinically relevant antidepressant，which needs further investigation.

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Objective To select genes associated with disulfidptosis-related myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI），and to explore their possible pathways of action.Methods We selected differentially expressed genes associated with MIRI between the 24 h group and the control group with the use of the limma R package； performed functional enrichment analysis on the genes through the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases with the use of the clusterProfiler R package；conducted enrichment analysis based on disulfidptosis-related gene set and GSE160516 expression data using the ssgsea method of the GSVA R package，and identified the expression of disulfidptosis-related genes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion using a Venn diagram；calculated the correlations between disulfidptosis-related genes and genes associated with apoptosis factors，mitochondria，ferroptosis，and inflammation using the corr. test of the psych R package，and generated a heatmap； and clustered the expression patterns of MIRI transcriptome data at different time points using the Mfuzz R package，and identified time series-related differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes using a Venn diagram.Results A total of 17 differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes were determined in this study. Through correlation analysis of disulfidptosis-related genes and genes associated with inflammation，apoptosis，ferroptosis，and mitochondria as well as analysis of time series-related differentially expressed genes associated with disulfidptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion，we finally identified the specific expression of disulfidptosis-related Flna，Myl6，and Tln1 genes at different time points pf MIRI.Conclusion The Flna，Myl6，and Tln1 gens may play crucial roles in MIRI，and these disulfidptosis-related genes are closely associated with mitochondria-related genes，which can be screening indicators for risk factors in patients with MIRI.

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Objective To investigate the immune cells with significant infiltration and key immune-related genes in the progression of peri-implantitis based on bioinformatics analysis.Methods The GSE106090，GSE33774，and GSE57631 datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO） were integrated. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis（ssGSEA） was used to assess the immune cell infiltration score of peri-implantitis tissue and healthy gingival tissue，and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO） regression analysis was used to identify key immune genes.Results After the three datasets were integrated and the batch effect was removed，the ClusterProfiler package was used to perform gene ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（GSEA） for peri-implantitis to identify significantly upregulated and downregulated signaling pathways and biological processes. The differentially expressed genes were intersected with the immune-related genes obtained from the ImmPort database，and key immune genes of the disease were successfully identified by the LASSO regression analysis，including C-C motif chemokine ligand 18（CCL18），interleukin-1β（IL1B），interleukin-6（IL6），complement C3（C3），natriuretic peptide receptor 3（NPR3），peptidase inhibitor 3（PI3），leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B3（LILRB3），and leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4（LGR4）. Subsequently，a correlation analysis was conducted with ssGSEA immune infiltration score，and the results showed varying degrees of correlation between these genes and the 23 types of immune cells with a significant increase in peri-implant soft tissue. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the genes such as IL1B，IL6，CCL18，C3，LGR4，PI3，and LILRB3 were mainly involved in the biological processes such as humoral immunity，adaptive immunity，leukocyte migration，and skin epidermal development，while NPR3 was mainly associated with the biological processes such as leukocyte proliferation and body fluid regulation.Conclusion Differentially expressed immune-related genes are obtained by the bioinformatics method，and eight key immune genes are identified，which participate in multiple links of immune response and inflammatory response in peri-implantitis and exhibit high sensitivity to the disease background of peri-implantitis. The identification of these immune genes provides important molecular targets for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

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Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanisms of Maresin1（Mar1） in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion（IR） in mice.Methods Clamping of the superior mesenteric artery（SMA） was performed to establish a model of small intestinal IR. In the first part of the experiment，12 mice were randomly divided into Control group，IR group，and IR+Mar1 group，and in the second part，20 mice were randomly divided into Control group，IR group，IR+Mar1 group，IR+EX527 group，and IR+Mar1+EX527 group. Mar1 5 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before surgery，and EX527 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 day before surgery. In the control group，the SMA was isolated without clamping，and in the other model groups，the root of the SMA was clamped with a damage-free vascular clip，which was released after 45 min to establish a model of small intestinal IR. Venous blood and ileal specimens were collected at 4 hours after reperfusion in all groups. For the first part of the experiment，the levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD），malondialdehyde（MDA），and glutathione（GSH） in the intestinal tissue of each group were measured，as well as the serum level of FITC-Dextran 4000（FD-4）； immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the protein expression level of intestinal Occludin；HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of intestinal tissue. For the first and second parts of the experiment，western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of Sirt1，P-NF-κB p65（P-p65），Caspase11，and GSDMD-N in intestinal tissue.Results In the first part of the experiment，compared with the Control group，the IR group had significant increases in the level of MDA in intestinal tissue，the content of FD-4 in serum，and the degree of pathological damage（P<0.01），significant reductions in the protein expression levels of SOD，GSH，and Sirt1，and significant increases in the protein expression levels of P-p65，Caspase11，and GSDMD-N； compared with the IR group，the IR+Mar1 group had significant reductions in the level of MDA in intestinal tissue，the content of FD-4 in serum，and the degree of pathological damage（P<0.05），significant increases in the protein expression levels of SOD，GSH，and Sirt1，and significant reductions in the protein expression levels of P-p65，Caspase11，and GSDMD-N. In the second part of the experiment，compared with the IR+Mar1 group，the IR+Mar1+EX527 group had a significant reduction in the protein expression level of Sirt1 and significant increases in the protein expression levels of P-p65，Caspase11，and GSDMD-N，while there was no significant difference in the expression of proteins between the IR+EX527 group and the IR+Mar1+EX527 group.Conclusion Mar1 pretreatment can alleviate small intestinal IR injury by inhibiting the Caspase11/GSDMD pathway via Sirt1.

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Objective To investigate the metabolic disorders induced by intact-protein enteral nutrition formula in sepsis through metabolomics methods，and to provide new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment of sepsis.Methods Male mice，aged 8-12 weeks，were randomly divided into sham-operation group（Sham group），sepsis group（CLP），and sepsis+intact-protein enteral nutrition group（CLP+IPEN group），with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the CLP group were treated with cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis，while those in the Sham group were given laparotomy alone without ligation and puncture. The mice in the CLP+IPEN group received additional intact-protein enteral nutrition formula after surgery. Daily weight changes were monitored for 7 days，and samples were collected after 3 days of modeling and feeding. Staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ileum，and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of different proteins. Differentially expressed metabolites in the treatment of sepsis with intact-protein enteral nutrition formula were identified based on specific criteria.Results There were 15 differentially expressed metabolites between the CLP group and the CLP+IPEN group. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+IPEN group had significant increases in the content of five metabolites including dimethyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentane-1，5-dioate，malonic acid，and L-Serine，N-（methoxycarbonyl）-methyl ester（P<0.05）. Throughout the experiment，all three groups of mice showed a gradual reduction in body weight，and the CLP group showed the most significant weight loss on day 4（P<0.05），suggesting that intact-protein enteral nutrition formula could alleviate weight loss in mice with sepsis. The CLP+IPEN group had a significantly lower Chiu score than the CLP group（P<0.05），indicating a notable reduction in intestinal mucosal injury. Both the CLP group and the Sham group had significant increases in the expression of occludin，zonula occludens-1（ZO-1），and MUC2，suggesting that sepsis caused impairment of intestinal barrier function. Compared with the CLP group，the CLP+IPEN group had significant reductions in the expression of occludin，ZO-1，and MUC2（P<0.05）.Conclusion This study investigates the metabolic disorders induced by intact-protein enteral nutrition formula in sepsis through metabolomics methods，and the results show that intact-protein enteral nutrition formula can alleviate metabolic disorders in sepsis-related intestinal injury by regulating linoleic acid metabolism，biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids，biosynthesis of fatty acids，and metabolism of cytochrome P450 substances. In addition，such formulas have the potential in enhancing intestinal barrier function，mitigating weight loss in mice，and reducing the severity of intestinal injury，thereby laying a foundation for strengthening the efficacy of sepsis treatment.

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Objective:To investigate HPV infection status of women in Chongqing in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the cervical cancer.Methods：The infection status of HPV in 2 497 outpatients of gynecology department was examined with gene chip technique in Chongqing Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital from May 2009 to November 2011.The infection status of various subtypes of HPV was compared and analyzed.Results：Among the 2 497 patients，432 patients were infected with HPV(17.30%)，and 274 patients were infected with HR-HPV(high risk HPV，10.97%).Out of the 23 subtypes of HPV，HPV-16 (32.18%，139/432)was the most common of all types，followed by subtypes HPV-43(18.75%，81/432)，HPV-58(15.05%，65/432)，HPV-52(13.19%，57/432)，HPV-6(8.56%，37/432)，and there was no HPV-44 or HPV-MM4.In the HPV positive patients，103(23.84%，103/432) patients were compound infected，of whom 82 (18.98%，82/432)patients were superinfected.The HPV positive rate in old women(≥50) was higher than that in the young crowd.Conclusion：It is important to detect and control HPV infection in order to prevent and treat cervical cancer.

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Objective: To study the effects of Angelica polysaccharide(APS) on the cell apoptosis and oxidative damage in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) of ionizing radiation injured mice so as to illuminate the protective effects of APS against radioactive injured haematogenesis.Methods:Linear accelerator irradiated C57BL/6 mice with 4.0 Gy X ray one time were used to establish animal radiation injured models.Then the mice were given different dosages of APS or normal saline(NS) for 7 days continuously by intraperitoneal injection.These mice were killed and BMNC was extracted after 1,3,and 7 days of injection.The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry and the expression of P53 was detected by immunocytochemistry.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of Maleic Dialdehyde(MDA) were detected by the method of colorimetric assay.Results:Compared with those in the normal group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase,apoptosis rate,the content of MDA and the expression of P53 were increased significantly,while the activity of SOD was obviously decreased in NS group; in both 2 mg/kg APS group and 8 mgkg APS group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase,apoptosis rate,the content of MDA and the expression of P53 were decreased,while the activity of SOD was increased.Conclusion: APS can inhibit cell apoptosis caused by radiation and plays an important role in resisting oxidative damage.

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Objective：To investigate the prevalence of cancer，assess the risk factors of cancer and offer the bases for making inter－ventional measures. Methods：30 cancer patients were taken as case group，and with the method of random sampling from the crowd of 4 290 normal data，430 people were extracted as control group. First，Chi-square and t-test were used to discuss the relationship be－tween the various factors，and then Logistic regression analysis was made by statistics software SPSS17.0 based on the results of the 460 people. Results:The prevalence of cancer was 0.69%. Sin－gle factor analysis results showed cancer was relate to age，av－erage annual income，BMI，educational level，family history of cancer，frequency of fruit and vegetable diet，oily and fatty food，smoking，drinking and activity time. Multivariate analysis showed that age，BMI，family history of cancer，frequency of fruit and vegetable diet，oily and fatty food，smoking and activity time were independent risk factors of cancer. Conclusion：Cancer is a kind of disease which correlates to life style；the essential measure to prevent cancer is to change unhealthy life style．

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Objective:　To study the role of vancomycin plasma concentration determination in treating patients with peritoneal-dialysisrelated peritonitis, so as to provide theoretical basis for peritonitis treatment. Methods:　Clinical data of patients with peritoneal-dialysisrelated peritonitis from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 in our hospital were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the low concentration group (<15 μg/mL) and the high concentration group (≥15 μg/mL) according to the blood concentration of vancomycin. Differences in gender, onset characteristics, age, dialysis age, various routine biochemical indicators, urine volume, dropout rate, body mass index (BMI) and hospitalization day between two groups were analyzed. Factors influencing the blood concentration of vancomycin were detcetd by logistic regression analysis. Results:　A total of 106 cases of peritoneal dialysisrelated peritonitis occurred in the last three years, with an average incidence of 0.19 times/year. Among them, 72 cases (67.92%) were positive for bacteria culture of permeable bacteria, among which 39 strains (54.17%) were gram-positive bacteria. Among the grampositive bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common, and were sensitive to vancomycin. BMI, urine volume, and hospitalization time between two groups had significant differences. Logistic regression analysis showed that low-density lipoprotein (OR=2.240, P=0.038), BMI (OR=1.981, P<0.001) and urine volume (OR=13.749, P=0.010) were the main factors affecting vancomycin concentration. Conclusion:　The determination of vancomycin plasma concentration is of great clinical significance to provide a more reasonable drug regimen for treating peritoneal-dialysis-related peritonitis.

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Objective:　To compare the correlation between endoscopic and pathological diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), and to explore how to improve the coincidence rate of these two diagnostic methods. Methods:　This study included in 192 cases of CAG diagnosed by endoscopy combined with pathologic biopsy, and the coincidence rate between the endoscopic and pathological diagnosis of CAG was retrospectively studied by analyzing the correlation between endoscopic findings and pathological examination results. Results:　Among 192 patients with CAG diagnosed by endoscopy, only 56 cases were also confirmed by pathological diagnosis at the same time, with coincidence rate of 29.17%. The atrophic gastritis under the endoscopy showed red and white mucosa, thin mucosa folds or some exposed and transparent blood vessels, mucosa with rough and/or granular or nodular performance and mucosa with these all four characteristics. The coincidence between them was 33.7%, 24.8%, 32.8%, 42.7%, respectively, without significant difference between them (P=0.293). The coincidence rate about endoscopic biopsy location of gastric antrum, gastric angle and gastric body was 25.9%, 39.5% and 47.5%, respectively, with statistical significance (P=0.019). The CAG coincidence rates of 1, 2, 3 and 4 biopsy specimens were 26.6%, 34.5%, 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively, among which the CAG coincidence rates of 1 biopsy specimen between those of more than 1 (2-4) biopsy specimen were not statistically significant (P=0.089).Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection rate of the patients with CAG diagnosed by both endoscopy and pathology was 52.0%, and that of the non-chronic atrophic gastritis cases diagnosed pathologically was 45.5%, with no significant difference between them (P=0.455). There were 50 patients pathologically diagnosed with CAG and they underwent¹³C breath test. They were divided into A (red and white gastric mucosa, or/and mainly white), B (thin gastric mucosa, exposed and transparent blood vessels) and C (mucosa with rough and/or granular or nodular performance) types according to different microscopic manifestations, and the HP infection rates of the three were 48.5%, 37.5% and 29.2%, respectively, without statistical differences (P=0.594). Conclusion:　There are misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of the CAG through endoscopic examination alone, the awareness of the diversified manifestations under endoscopy and the endoscopy and pathology should be combined to improve the diagnosis rate of the CAG.

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Objective:　To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of acute appendicitis (AA) and outcomes after appendectomy in≤5-year-old children. Methods:　The clinical data of 538 children with AA aged five years or younger were collected retrospectively. According to the intraoperative findings and postoperative pathological examination, they were divided into complex appendicitis (CA) group (n=326) and simple appendicitis (SA) group (n=212). Clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results:　①The median age of children in CA group was lower than that in SA group (3.4 years old vs.4.3 years old, P=0.000), while the admission temperature (38.4℃vs.38.1℃, P=0.000) and symptom duration (26 h vs.24 h, P=0.000) in CA group were higher than those in SA group, and the incidences of vomiting, diarrhea, rebound tenderness and abdominal distension in CA group were higher than those in SA group (all P<0.05).②The levels of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and procalcitonin level in CA group were higher than those in SA group before operation (P<0.05). In addition, white blood cell count was more effective in predicting CA, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.738 (95%CI=0.695-0.781).③The hospitalization time and postoperative antibiotic use time in CA group were longer and the intraoperative blood loss of children in CA group were greater than those in SA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:　The clinical manifestations of AA in children aged five years or younger are not typical. There were some differences in clinical manifestations, assay indicators and clinical outcomes between CA and SA children.

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Objective:　To investigate the risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods:　A retrospective study of VLBWI admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2011 to October 2019 was conducted. Infants were assigned into two groups: NEC group (Bell stage≥Ⅱ) and non-NEC group. The data were measured with the Student's t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square or the Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors associated with NEC. Results:　Of 497 VLBWI enrolled, 30 infants developed NEC. There were no significant differences in gender, gestational age, birth weight, and admitted age between the two groups. Higher incidences of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) (P=0.025), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (P=0.015), atrial septal defect (P=0.014), cardiac dysfunction (P=0.041), renal dysfunction (P=0.012), liver dysfunction (P=0.003), hypoalbuminemia (P=0.002), electrolyte disorder (P=0.041), and sepsis (P=0.000) were found in infants with NEC compared with those without NEC. Logistic regression analysis revealed sepsis (OR=13.24, 95%CI=4.04-43.36, P=0.000), hypoalbuminemia (OR=4.22, 95%CI=1.14-15.58, P=0.031), IUGR (OR=3.46, 95%CI=1.18-10.14, P=0.024) and IVF-ET (OR=4.85, 95%CI=1.50-15.68, P=0.008) were the risk factors of VLBWI with NEC. Conclusion:　We should keep an eye on sepsis, hypoalbuminemia, IUGR and in IVF-ET among VLBWI, which are the risk factors of NEC.

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Objective:　To investigate the expression of blood urea nitrogen in differentiated thyroid cancer and benign thyroid tumors, so as to evaluate the difference of urea cycle dysregulation between them. Methods:　A total of 218 patients with diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in the group A and 193 patients with benign thyroid tumors in the group B. Blood urea nitrogen levels were measured 1-3 days before surgery.T test was used to analyze differences of urea nitrogen levels in two groups and two-way ANOVA analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of age, gender and tumor properties on urea nitrogen levels. The expression of genes related to urea cycle was evaluated by GEPIA database. Results:　After excluding chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, the urea nitrogen level in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B (P>0.05). Males' age>55 years old was the factor for elevating nitrogen levels, while the metastasis status of lymph node was not an influencing factor. The expression of TP53 and MDM2 in the cancer tissue was higher, without significant differences. Conclusion:　Males older than 55 years old are more likely to have dysregulation of urea metabolism.

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Objective:　To compare the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheterization with multifunctional bladder fistulation paracentesis trocar and open abdominal catheterization. Methods:　A total of 242 patients who were diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and who voluntarily chose the peritoneal dialysis in the peritonea dialysis center of Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2016 to July 2018 were selected as study objects. Among them, 93 patients were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheterization with multifunctional bladder fistulation paracentesis trocar (group A), and 149 patients were treated with traditional open abdominal catheterization (group B). After surgery, all patients were followed up for one year; the success rate of clinical catheterization, incidence of early-and-late complications and one-year technical survival rate of catheter in two groups were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results:　Gender, age and history of abdominal operation in two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). Incision length and operation time in the group A were all shorter than those in the group B (P<0.05). Incidence of early peritonitis and incidence of advanced catheter-end and tunnel infection in the group A were lower than those in the group B (P<0.05). Success rate of clinical catheterization and one-year technical survival rate of catheter in the group A were higher than those in the group B (P<0.05). Intraoperative complications, catheter displacement, perivascular leakage, abdominal hernia and abdominal tube occlusion in two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion:　Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheterization with multifunctional bladder fistulation paracentesis trocar is safer and more effective, and can be used as an alternative to traditional open abdominal catheterization.

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Objective:　To establish a new prediction model combing the inflammatory markers including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with several hematological testing indicators to assess the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Methods:　Clinical data and laboratory testing indicators of 577 patients from three hospitals were collected in this study. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was used to establish the new model cohort of 554 patients with MELD score between 9 points and 40 points. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factor associated with the prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF, so as to establish the prognostic assessment model. And ROC curves were applied to validate the new model in predicting the 90-day prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF in three hospitals, respectively. SPSS 22.0 software was employed for data analyses. Results:　Multivate COX regression analysis showed that RDW, NLR, international normalized ratio (INR), and creatinine (Cr) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were independent factors of 90-day prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF (P<0.05). The prediction model was established according to the multivariate Cox regression analysis, COX_RNTIC=0.073×RDW+0.027×NLR+0.004×TBIL+0.236×INR+0.005×Cr (P=0.000), with a cut-off value of 3.59 (sensitivity: 78.48%, specificity: 84.86%). ROC curve was used to detect the predictive ability and the results showed that RNTIC (0.864, 95%CI=0.837-0.903) was better than MELD score (0.737, 95%CI=0.698-0.773), NLR (0.705, 95%CI=0.665-0.743) and RDW (0.677, 95%CI=0.637-0.716) (P=0.000). In the validation cohort, RNTIC model demonstrated a better predictive value of death than RDW, NLR, and MELD score in three hospitals. Conclusion:　The short-term prognostic prediction model of HBV-ACLF which is established on the basis of inflammatory markers of RDW and NLR has a better predictive value when compared with MELD score, and is a reliable clinical predictive model.

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Objective:　To treat Denis type B lumbar burst fractures with symptoms of nerve injury by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with the lateral iliocostalis approach for direct anterior decompression, and to evaluate the clinical effect and application value of this operation. Methods:　Twenty-eight patients with single-segmental Denis type B lumbar burst fractures underwent this operation, involving L1-3 segments. At first, the patients underwent percutaneous three-segment fixation and anterior direct decompression by reduction or/and removal of fragments in spinal canal. Then, the posterolateral intermuscular approach for anterior direct spinal canal decompression started from the lateral side of the iliocostalis, passed through the gap between the iliocostalis and quadratus lumborum, and reached the posterior part of injured vertebra at the level of the upper endplate through the intervertebral foramen. The patients were followed up for 18 months, and the imaging and clinical efficacy were observed and evaluated. Results:　All patients received the operation by this method. The mean operation time was (152.1±27.1) min, and the blood loss during the operation was (137.8±42.0) mL. According to the imaging makers, the Cobb angle of kyphosis recovered from (34.0°±6.2°) preoperatively to (9.7°±2.7°) 18 months after operation (P<0.05); the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra, recovered from (43.3±9.4)% to (66.3±7.5)% (P<0.05); and the ratio of sagittal diameter of spinal canal, recovered from (54.7±8.3)% to (10.9±4.2)% (P<0.05). For the curative effect evaluation indexes, significant improvements in visual analogue scale (VAS) [(6.1±1.2) vs. (1.4±1.0), P<0.05], oswestry disability index (ODI) [(86.1±4.2) vs. (27.3±12.3), P<0.05], and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores were also notedly improved. Conclusion:　Posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with lateral iliocostalis bypass for direct anterior decompression in the spinal canal is effective in the treatment of type Denis B lumbar burst fractures. The posterolateral intermuscular approach is minimally invasive and effective for anterior direct decompression of the spinal canal. This new operation has potential in clinical application.

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Objective:　To study the changes and diagnostic value of peripheral serological indexes in knee osteoarthritis. Methods:　A total of 228 patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) admitted to our hospital undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from January 2013 to January 2018 and 120 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. They were divided into KOA group and healthy control group. Demographic parameters, blood neutrophil percentage (NEU%), monocyte count, lymphocyte count, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum uric acid (UA) of all participants were recorded, and the neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated and compared between the two groups. Then the receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to determine the diagnostic threshold. The HSS scores of knee joint at 1 day, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after TKA were followed up, and the correlation between HSS scores and NLR and MLR was analyzed. Results:　Elevated blood NLR, MLR and RDW-CV were apparent features in KOA patients compared with healthy individuals (P<0.001) and NLR≥2.005, MLR≥0.165 and RDW-CV≥12.45 were the diagnostic thresholds for KOA based on the ROC characteristics. These blood indictors of only 26 patients with KOA were followed up for one year after TKA, and the results indicated that NLR and MLR were gradually reduced with the improvement of knee joint HSS scores, with significant correlation. Conclusion:　Our present results show that both NLR, MLR and RDW-CV are promising peripheral blood markers of KOA, and the NLR and MLR may be served as the serum markers to predict the prognosis of TKA.

Abstract:

Objective:　To investigate the clinical effect of a new anatomic locking plate for posterior malleolus fracture. Methods:　Data of 22 patients (male of 14 patients and female of 8 patients; age from 21-57 years old, average of 42.5 years old) with ankle fractures (all the fractures involved the posterior ankle and the fracture area≥25%) that were admitted to our hospital from September 2017 to December 2018 were collected, including 20 patients suffered trimalleolar fracture (11 patients with type AO and B, and 9 patients with type C) and 2 patients suffered posterior malleolus fracture. All patients were treated with open reduction via the posterolateral approach and internal fixation with a new posterior malleolus anatomical locking plate after 3 days to 7 days (mean 5 days) of deswelling until the appearance of dermatoglyphic lines. Results:　After operation, 22 patients were followed up for 11 to 25 months (mean 16 months). The fracture healing time was 8 to 13 weeks, with an average of 11.8 weeks. There was no fracture delay healing and fracture non-healing. One patient had superficial skin infection, which was healed after dressing change. No traumatic osteaorthritis was occurred at the last follow-up. All patients were evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale: excellent 20 cases and good 2 cases, with excellent and good rate of 100% and average score of 94.0 points. Conclusion:　The new anatomic locking plate of posterior malleolus has a good curative effect and is a good choice for fixing posterior malleolus fracture.

Abstract:

Objective:　To establish and validate a finite element model of composite artificial femur. Methods:　A composite artificial femur of fourth generation SAWBONE and a normal human femur of cadaveric specimen were selected to conduct three-dimensional reconstruction of femur via computed-tomography scan. Two groups of composite artificial bone entity models including cortical bone, cancellous bone, and medullary cavity and three-dimensional model of normal human femur were reconstructed. A load case of axial compression during mid-stance gait of lower extremities was simulated while an identical boundary condition was applied to both groups of models. The model validation of composite artificial femur was conducted according to the comparison of biomechanical response among the two groups and the results from previous literature. Results:　Regarding to the peak stress distribution and the magnitude of displacement peak value, the finite element model of composite artificial femur presented relatively in good accordance with results from previous literature. Nevertheless, the biomechanical response of cadaveric femur presented significantly lower stress distribution comparing to that of the composite femur model. Conclusion:　The results of finite element analysis of composite artificial femur are in good agreement with previous literatures, which can be used for biomechanical research of femur and biomechanical evaluation of orthopedic implants, and has obvious advantages over cadaveric specimens in terms of material sources and individual anatomical differences.

Abstract:

Objective:　To explore the key pathogenic genes involved in osteoarthritis (OA) and potential therapeutic drugs for OA by bioinformatics. Methods:　The expression profiles of GSE55235, GSE12021 and GSE55457 were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The microarray data were integrated to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by R software. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments of DEGs were performed by DAVID online analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed by using STRING online database and visual editing by Cytoscape software. Finally, small molecule drugs with potential therapeutic OA were analyzed by connectivity map (cMap) database. Results:　A total of 67 DEGs were obtained, of which 18 genes were up-regulated and 49 genes were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that the biological process of DEGs focused on cell proliferation, cell adhesion, response to mechanical stimulus, osteoblast differentiation, and the regulation of cellular response to calcium ions. The main cell composition included extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex. The molecular functions included protein homodimerization activity, growth factor activity, transcription factor activity, RNA polymeraseⅡcore promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding, protein heterodimerization activity, peroxidase activity, and MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the osteoclast differentiation, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes IL-6, JUN, VEGFA, ATF3, DUSP1, MYC, PTGS2, JUNB, CDKN1A and CD44 were identified from the PPI network. Some potential small molecular drugs for the treatment of OA, such as estradiol and leflunomide, were also been screened. Conclusion:　The selected key genes may be the diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets of OA, and the selected small molecular drugs may be potential therapeutic drugs for OA treatment.

Abstract:

Objective:　To investigate the role of Netrin-1-enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on the treatment of osteoporotic fracture and its mechanism. Methods:　The apoptotic level of BMSC and the expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) were detected by flow cytometry. Mice models with osteoporotic fracture were built. Concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteocalcin were detected by ELISA, and the number of human BMSC and macrophages in bone tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:　Flow cytometry showed that Netrin-1 was able to inhibit the apoptosis of BMSC induced by ischemia and hypoxia (F=27.311, P=0.000), and increase the expression of HLA-G (F=27.094, P=0.000). BMSC was able to reduce the concentration of alkaline phosphatase and TRAP in serum, and increase the concentration of osteocalcin in serum, the number of osteocytes in bone tissue and the bone mineral density. Netrin-1 was able to further enhance functions of BMSC. Compared with the BMSC group, the difference was statistically significant. Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of surviving BMSCs in the BMSC group was (10.401±1.392) /high-power field (HPF) and was (25.506±2.257) /HPF in the Netrin-1 group, with significant differences between two groups (t=5.694, P=0.000). The number of macrophages in the BMSC group was (21.900±4.458) /HPF, which was significantly different from that in the osteoporosis group. The number of macrophages in the Netrin-1 group was (11.500±3.808) /HPF, which was significantly different from that in the BMSC group (F=79.863, P=0.000). Conclusion:　Netrin-1 can enhance the therapeutic effect of BMSC on osteoporotic fracture through cell protection and regulation of inflammatory reaction.

Abstract:

Objective:　To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) in osteosarcoma tissues and the effect of MMP-9 on the progression of osteosarcoma and its clinical significance. Methods:　The expression of MMPs'family in 5 osteosarcoma specimens and 5 normal bone tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. shRNA was used to knockdown the expression of MMP-9 in Saos2 cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration of the cells after transfection were detected for the effects of MMP-9 down-regulation. According to the expression of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma, 64 follow-up cases were grouped and analyzed for survival rate. Results:　Screening of MMPs'family revealed that the expression of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal bone tissues (t=12.040, P=0.000). In cell proliferation, invasion and scratch test, there was no significant difference between blank control group and negative control group. But compared with negative control group, down-regulation of MMP-9 in Saos2 cells markedly repressed cell proliferation, decreased invasion and migration (t=4.954, P=0.008; t=6.360, P=0.003; t=3.965, P=0.017). In addition, a survival analysis in 64 follow-up cases showed that the overall survival rate of the high-MMP-9 group was significantly lower than that of the low-MMP-9 group (χ²=4.169, P=0.041). Conclusion:　The high expression of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma tissue is closely related to the proliferation, invasion and migration of osteosarcoma, which has certain implication for the clinical prognosis of patients.

Abstract:

Objective:　To investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) on repair of skeletal muscle injury, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical application of ESW in the treatment of skeletal muscle disease. Methods:　A model of skeletal muscle blunt contusion was established, and the experiment was divided into the ESW group and the injury group. The ESW group were treated with ESW on the 1st day after injury, and the tissues in the injury area of the two groups were taken for HE staining on the 1st d, 4th d, and 7th d after treatment to observe the tissue morphology; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of myostatin (Mstn), and the images analysis software was used to perform average optical density (AOD) analysis; Western blot was used to detect expression levels of Myod and Mstn protein. Results:　In the ESW group, the muscle fiber atrophy was gradually alleviated and the inflammatory cell infiltration was decreased. During this period, a large number of new muscle cells were seen and post-treatment muscle fiber was lined up in order. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that Mstn (1st d: 0.158±0.015, t=3.229, P=0.032; 4th d: 0.203±0.004, t=6.069, P=0.004; 7th d: 0.149±0.009, t=2.821, P=0.048) expression was lower than that in the control group (1st d: 0.190±0.006; 4th d: 0.242±0.189; 7th d: 0.171±0.011). Western blot results showed that the expression of Myod protein in the ESW group was firstly increased with increasing intensity and then decreased (F=50.074, P=0.000). And over time, the amount of expression also showed a trend of rising at first and then falling (F=46.217, P=0.000). With the concentration of 0.14 mJ/mm², expressions in the treatment group (1st d: 0.998±0.163; 4th d: 1.155±0.059; 7th d: 0.733±0.077) were higher than those in the control group (1st d: 0.410±0.115; 4th d: 0.560±0.194; 7th d: 0.250±0.103). With the increase of the impact strength, the expression of Mstn protein was gradually decreased (F=86.103, P=0.000). Expression at different time was risen at first and then decreased (F=32.380, P=0.000). With the concentration of 0.14 mJ/mm², expressions in the ESW group (1st d: 0.131±0.044; 4th d: 0.383±0.022; 7th d: 0.162±0.027) were lower than those in the control group (1st d: 0.388±0.060; 4th d: 0.829±0.192; 7th d: 0.508±0.112). Conclusion:　This experiment confirms that ESW can promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury in rats.