重庆地区过敏性疾病儿童吸入性变应原分布特点

Distribution characteristics of inhaled allergen of 13 841 cases with allergic disease in Chongqing

摘要:

目的：探讨重庆地区儿童过敏性疾病患者吸入性变应原特点，协助过敏性疾病预防及治疗。方法：对重庆医科大学附属儿童医院2005年5月-2009年9月共13 841例过敏性疾病患儿行皮肤点刺试验（Skin prick test，SPT），应用SPSS17.0对数据进行统计学处理，分析吸入性变应原特点。结果：13 841例患儿吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率80.3%，其中阳性率最高的变应原依次为粉尘螨67.6%（9 356例）、屋尘螨67.5%（9 341例）、热带螨42.8%（5 921例）。2005-2009年间，螨类阳性率及阳性程度除2006年明显增高外，其余4年均较稳定。随年龄增大，粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带螨、德国蟑螂、美洲大蠊、猫毛、狗毛阳性率逐渐增高，而花粉Ⅰ组、霉菌Ⅳ组和豚草阳性率逐渐降低。聚类分析将13种变应原分为4大类：屋尘螨、粉尘螨为1类，热带螨为1类，德国蟑螂为1类，其余9种变应原为1类。结论：粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带螨始终是重庆地区5年以来最常见吸入性变应原。不同年龄患儿变应原阳性率不同。热带螨与粉尘螨、屋尘螨临床特征有差别，针对热带螨的特异性脱敏治疗在亚热带地区应引起重视。

Abstract:

Objective：To explore the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergen in Chongqing area and to provide references for preventing allergic diseases. Methods：All cases were collected from the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical Univer－sity from May 2005 to December 2009.13 841 children with allergic diseases underwent skin prick test（SPT）. The distribution char－acteristics were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results：The total positive rate of allergen was 80.3%，of which Dermatophagoides farinae（Der f） was the highest （67.6%），then followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（Der p）（67.5%） and Blomia tropicalis（42.8%）.From May 2005 to December 2009，the positive rate and positive degree of the 3 kinds of mites were stable except in 2006. With the age increasing，the positive rate ascended in mites（Der f，Der p，Blomia tropicalis），American cockroach，Blatella germanica，cat hair and dog dander，but PollenⅠ，Mycetes Ⅳ and ragweed showed opposite tendency. The 13 categories sensibiligen could be divided into 4 clusters：Der p and Der f，Blomia troplis，Blatella germanica，and others. Conclusion：Dermatophagoides farinae，Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis are the most prevalent allergens in Chongqing area in the past 5 years. The different age groups show different reactions in SPT. The clinical characters of Blomia troplis are different from Der p and Der f，and specific immune ther－apy that points to Blomia troplis in subtropical areas should be paid attention.