1997-2011年重庆市九龙坡区麻疹流行特征分析

Study on the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing from 1997 to 2011

摘要:

目的：了解重庆市九龙坡区1997-2011年麻疹发病流行病学特征，为制定麻疹控制策略提供依据。方法：收集1997-2011年重庆市九龙坡区麻疹疫情资料和2005-2011年麻疹监测资料，进行描述流行病学分析。结果：1997-2011年麻疹发病率为(0.36~20.56)/10万，平均发病率为?3.94/10万；4~7月是麻疹的好发季节；发病年龄构成以15岁以下为主，占总报告病例数的76.99%；监测资料提示小于8月龄、8月龄至1岁、1~2岁年龄组、20岁及以上年龄组病例数分别占总病例的32.73%、21.39%、5.15%、17.01%，无免疫史或免疫史不详病例占91.24%。结论：麻疹发病向大年龄和8月龄内人群转移；要控制麻疹以达到消除的目标，除做好常规免疫工作以外，需要加强健康教育和流动儿童管理，开展育龄妇女麻疹疫苗接种，做好15岁以下儿童查漏补种，积极开展15岁及以上人群麻疹强化免疫。

Abstract:

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing from 1997 to 2011 in an aim to provide references for formulating control measures.Methods:The epidemic data of measles from 1997 to 2011 and the monitoring data of measles from 2005 to 2011 in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology.Results:The incidence of measles from 1997 to 2011 was ranged between 0.36/100 000 and 20.56/100 000 with an average incidence of 3.98/100 000.The months between April and July were the susceptible seasons for measles.Measles was mainly occurred under the age of 15,accounting for 76.99%.The monitoring data revealed that the age composition ratios within 8 months,from 8 months to 1 years old,from 1 years old to 2 year old and over 20 year old were 32.73%,21.39%,5.15% and 17.01% respectively.The cases who had no immunization history or whose immunization history was vague were accounted for 91.24%.Conclusion:Those within 8 months and those with older age were more susceptible to measles.Health education and the management work for migrant children should be enhanced,the vaccination work for femme in child bearing age should be developed,the vaccination work for those under the age of 15 and supplementary immunization activities for those over the age of 15 should be promoted apart from the routine immunization work in order to control and eliminate measles.