三峡库区农村留守儿童心理健康现状及其与心理弹性关系的调查

Mental health and its relationship with resilience in children in rural three gorges area

摘要:

目的：分析三峡库区农村留守儿童心理健康的现状，探讨其与心理弹性的关系。方法：采取心理健康诊断测验量表和青少年发展与心理弹性量表，对重庆市三峡库区922名库区儿童进行调查。结果：①留守儿童的心理问题检出率为7.4%，与非留守儿童不存在统计学差异（t=-3.393，P=0.084）。②留守儿童学习焦虑、孤独倾向、身体症状得分高于非留守儿童，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。③除去学习焦虑和自责倾向这2个因子外，心理弹性与心理健康总分及其它6个子因素得分均成显著负相关（P<0.05）。结论：三峡库区农村留守儿童心理问题检出率低于全国，与库区非留守儿童无统计学差异。但在心理健康总分、学习焦虑、孤独倾向和身体症状上差于非留守儿童。且心理弹性高的儿童，心理健康水平较高。健康教育可着重从这几点出发，具有针对性地改善该群体的心理健康水平。

Abstract:

Objective：To explore the status of mental health and its relationship with mental resilience in children living in rural three gorges area. Methods：With the mental health test and resilience youth and development module scales，922 children in middle schools were investigated. The participants were chosen through the multiple stratified cluster sampling. Results：①The detection rate of men－tal problem in left-behind children was 7.4%，which was not significantly different from that of non left-behind children（t=-3.393，P=0.084）. ②Compared with those of non left-behind children，left-behind children had higher scores in learning anxiety，loneliness tendency and physical symptoms（P<0.05）. ③Except for learning anxiety and self-accusation tendency，the other mental health sub-scale scores were all negatively related with mental resilience（P<0.05）. Conclusions：The mental problem detection rate in children in rural three gorges areas is lower than the national level and is not significantly different from that of non left-behind children. But the general mental health，learning anxiety and physical symptoms of left-behind children are worse than non-left-behind children. The higher mental resilience，the better mental health，therefore，when conducting health education，the above details could be tak－en into consideration.