重庆市2004-2012年学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征及处置情况分析

Epidemical characteristics and disposal situation of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing from 2004 to 2012

摘要:

目的：分析重庆市2004-2012年学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特点和报告处置情况，为有效预防和控制重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件的发生和发展提供决策依据。方法：通过国家突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统，收集整理2004-2012年重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件网络直报数据，应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果：2004-2012年重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件发生1 973起，占事件总数的80.5%，发病53 290人，死亡8人。2004-2012年事件数呈现先上升后下降的年度变化趋势。事件类型以传染病事件为主，占98.5%，其中又以流行性腮腺炎等呼吸道传染病和手足口病为主，不同传染病各年间变化趋势不同，3~6月和9~12月是传染病事件高发月份。农村中小学是突发公共卫生事件发生的主要场所。网络直报及时率较低，仅22.6%；传染病事件经历时间较长。结论：学校特别是农村学校的突发公共卫生问题是学校卫生工作的重点，传染病的预防、监测、及时报告和有效处置是预防学校突发公共卫生事件的关键。

Abstract:

Objective：To analyze the characteristics and the disposal situation of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing municipality from 2004 to 2012 and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of public health emergencies effectively. Methods：Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the data of the public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing from 2004 to 2012 collected from public health emergency reporting system. Results：A total of 1 973 events（accounting for 80.5% of the total events） of public health emergencies in schools were reported in Chongqing during 2004-2012，which caused 53 290 cases of illness and 9 cases of deaths. Public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing during 2004-2012 were first increased and then descended yearly. Types of events fell mainly on infectious diseases（98.5%），among which respiratory infectious diseases such as mumps as well as hand-foot-and-mouth disease took the lead. Different infectious diseases had different variation trends yearly and mainly occurred from March to June and September to December. Emergencies mainly occurred in primary and middle schools in rural areas. Rate of the direct network report was low（only 22.6%）. Infectious disease events experi－enced a long time. Conclusions：Public health emergencies are key points of school health work，especially in rural schools. Preven－tion，monitor，timely report and efficient handling of infectious diseases are keys to prevent public health emergencies.