Objective:To investigate the association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) gene polymorphisms with vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) in Chongqing. Methods:Totally 60 patients with VCI(VCI group) 99 health(normal control group) were chosen simultaneously. The genotypes and alleles frequencies of BDNF gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). The software SHEsis was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium and the haplotypes between the two groups. Results:G11757C genotypes frequencies between VCI group(GG(30.4%),GC(53.6%),CC(16.1%)) and normal control group(GG(30.9%),GC(47.4%),CC(21.6%))showed no significant difference and alleles frequencies between VCI group(G(57.1%),C(42.9%))and normal control group(G(54.6%),C(45.4%)) also showed no significant difference( χ2=0.837,P=0.658; χ2=0.180,P=0.671). G196A genotypes frequencies between VCI group(AA(23.3%),AG(51.7%),GG(25.0%)) and normal control group(AA(22.2%),AG(46.5%),GG(31.3%))showed no significant difference and alleles frequencies between VCI group(A(49.2%),G(50.8%)) and normal control group(A(45.5%),G(54.5%)) also showed no significant difference( χ2=0.744,P=0.689; χ2=0.413,P=0.520). C270T genotypes frequencies(CC(8.30%),CT(56.7%),TT(35.0%)vs. CC(24.2%),CT(50.5%),TT(25.3%))and alleles frequencies(C(36.7%),T(63.3%) vs. C(49.5%),T(50.5%)) showed significant differences between VCI group and normal control group( χ2=6.68,P=0.035; χ2=4.98,P=0.026). And these were significant differences in the frequency haplotype GGT(Fisher’s P=0.025) between VCI group and normal control group. Con-clusion:The polymorphisms of BDNF gene may be related to VCI in Han population in Chongqing.