重庆地区体检人群慢性阻塞性肺病患病情况及危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in health examination population of Chongqing

摘要:

目的：了解重庆地区体检人群慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）的患病情况及危险因素对其的影响情况，为COPD的防治工作提出科学的建议。方法：对来我院健康体检的3000例30岁以上重庆地区人群广泛进行肺功能检查、体格检查、胸片及心电图检查，并填写COPD危险因素调查表，对筛查出的疑似COPD患者进一步到呼吸内科门诊进行确诊及治疗。结果：重庆地区40岁以上体检人群COPD患病率为10.10%，40岁以下体检人群（30~39岁）COPD患病率为2.88%，其差异具有统计学意义（ χ2=39.104，P=0.000）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，高龄、吸烟、特殊职业暴露史、家族史是COPD的独立危险因素，OR值均＞1，其差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：重庆地区40岁以上体检人群COPD患病率较高，应提高肺功能早期筛查COPD重要性的认识，对有吸烟、特殊职业暴露史、家族史等危险因素的人群，应尽早行肺功能检查，并加强健康宣教及危险因素的防范，有助于提高COPD的早期诊治率，减少致残、致死率。

Abstract:

Objectives：To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） of health exam－ination population in Chongqing，and to propose scientific suggestions for the prevention and control of COPD. Methods：The spirome－try，physical examination，chest X-ray，and cardiogram were performed on 3 000 health examination people over the age of 30 in our hospital；questionnaires about risk factors of COPD were also filled out. Some suspected COPD cases obtained definite diagnosis and treatment in the respiratory outpatient department. Results：The prevalence rate of COPD in health examination people over the age of 40 was 10.10% in Chongqing，the prevalence rate in people under the age of 40（30-39 years old ） was 2.88%，and the difference was statistically significant（ χ2=39.104，P=0.000）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elderly age，smoking，family histo－ry，special exposure history of occupation were independent risk factors of COPD（odd ratio>1），and the difference was statistically sig－nificant（P<0.01）. Conclusion：The prevalence rate of COPD in health examination population over the age of 40 is relatively high in Chongqing and the awareness of the importance of early screening of COPD through spirometry should be strengthened. The spirome－try should be performed on people who with risk factors of COPD as early as possible. The health education and prevention of risk factors should be strengthened，which would help to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of COPD，as well as reduce the inci－dence of disability and mortality.