2016年重庆医科大学附属儿童医院副流感病毒感染流行病学特点及临床特征

Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of parainfluenza virus infection in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2016

摘要:

目的：分析2016年1月至2016年12月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院患儿人副流感病毒（human parainfluenza，HPIV）流行病学特点及临床特征。方法：选择全院住院患儿中应用呼吸道免疫荧光法检测HPIV抗原的病例进行分析；纳入HPIV为唯一病原并排除不符合标准的病例后共131例，分析其临床特征。结果：19 632例痰标本中有1 573例HPIV抗原阳性（8.01%），其中HPIV3 1 369例（6.97%），HPIV1 184例（0.94%），HPIV2 20例（0.10%）；男1 002例（8.21%），女571例（7.69%）（χ2=1.660，P=0.203）；春、夏、秋、冬四季感染率分别占11.32%、13.21%、5.27%、3.35%，且两两比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=448.253，P=0.000）；婴儿组1 065例（8.80%），幼儿组406例（9.97%）（χ2=5.054，P=0.025）；以HPIV为唯一病原感染者所患疾病：支气管肺炎92例，支气管炎17例，百日咳综合征16例，毛细支气管炎11例。结论：①HPIV是2016年重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院患儿下呼吸道感染常见病毒，以HPIV3感染多见。②男女比较差异无统计学意义，春夏为好发季节，婴幼儿多发。③以HPIV为唯一病原感染的患儿居前4位的呼吸道疾病依次为支气管肺炎、支气管炎、百日咳综合征、毛细支气管炎。多数患儿经对症治疗后明显好转。

Abstract:

Objective：To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of human parainfluenza（HPIV） in hospital－ized children of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2016. Methods：Cases with respiratory immunofluorescence to detect HPIV antigen among hospitalized children were selected. With the inclusion of HPIV as the only pathogen and exclusion of the non-standard cases，a total of 131 cases were enrolled and their clinical features were analyzed. Results：Among 19 632 cases of sputum specimens，there were 1 573 cases of HPIV antigen positive，of which 1 369 cases of HPIV3 （6.97%），184 cases of HPIV1（0.94%），and 20 cases（0.10%） of HPIV2；there were 1 002 male cases（8.21%），and 571 female cases（7.69%）（ χ2=1.660，P=0.203）. The infection rates of spring，summer，autumn and winter were 11.32%，13.21%，5.27% and 3.35%，respectively，and the difference of pairwise comparison was not statistically significant（ χ2=448.253，P=0.000）. There were 1 065 cases（8.80%） in infant group and 406 cases（9.97%） in children group（ χ2=5.054，P=0.025）. Diseases with HPIV as the only pathogen were listed：92 cases of alveobronchiolitis，17 cases of bronchitis，16 cases of pertussis syndrome and 11 cases of bronchiolitis. Conclusion：①HPIV is a common virus in lower respiratory tract infection of hospitalized children in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2016，commonly with HPIV3 infection. ②Comparative differences between men and women was not statistically significant，high in spring and summer，more frequently in infants and young children. ③The first four respiratory dis－eases in children with HPIV as the only pathogen are in turn alveobronchiolitis，bronchitis，pertussis syndrome and bronchi－olitis. Most of the children are obviously improved after symp－tomatic treatment.