Objective：To improve the understanding and diagnosis and treatment of the ileocecal lesions by retrospectively analyzing the etiology and clinical features of 151 cases of ileocecal lesions. Methods：The clinical data of 151 patients with the ileocecal lesions were collected. All patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2011 January to 2016 December. The manifestation，etiology，check methods and diagnosis were analyzed. Results：Tumor was the most frequent cause of the ileocecal lesions，accounting for 58.9%（89/151） of all cases，followed by Crohn’s disease（CD），intestinal tuberculosis（ITB），ulcera－tive colitis（UC），intestinal polyps，accounting for 14.5%，10.5%，3.9%，3.3% respectively. Other rare causes were Behcet’s diease，diverticulum，nonspecific inflammatory，mucous cyst etc. There were 80 males and 71 females，with an average age of （55.1±18.3）. There was no significant difference in the ratio of male to female in etiology（χ2=0.079，P=0.779）. Neoplastic diseases are more common in the elderly（56/89，62.9%），and non neoplasitc diseases occur in young people（30/61，49.2%），with statistical significance（ χ2=24.214，P=0.000）. The mainly clinical manifestations were abdominal pain，diarrhea，tarry stool，bloody stool，abdominal mass，weight loss etc. The most effective check method was colonoscopy and biopsy，followed by enhanced computed tomography of abdominal. The misdiagnosis rate of non neoplastic diseases was 21.6%（11/51），and most of them were misdiagnosed by CD and ITB（10/38）. Conclusion：The clinical manifestations of ileocecal lesions are lack of specificity，the main causes of which are neoplastic diseases，and colonoscopy and biopsy is the main examination method. Non neoplastic diseases are easy to be misdiagnosed，mainly in CD and ITB，colonoscopy and biopsy and abdominal enhanced CT and other auxiliary examinations coupled with followed-up can effectively improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
