帕金森病基础研究进展

Advances in the basic research on Parkinson’s disease

摘要:

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease，PD)是一种常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病，临床上主要以运动障碍为特征，病理上主要表现为中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的慢性死亡。目前对PD发病机制的认识尚未完全清楚。近年来，国内外PD的基础研究取得了许多重要进展。本文将从以下五个方面对其中一些进展作简要介绍，即大脑α-突触核蛋白的异常聚集、肠脑轴与PD、多巴胺能神经元死亡的分子机制、线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激、胶质细胞和外周免疫细胞在PD发病过程中的作用等。这些新的进展表明，PD是一种全身性疾病，不仅累及大脑的多巴胺能神经元、胶质细胞，还涉及外周免疫细胞和其他组织器官。这些新的认识对未来发展更精准的诊断和治疗方法具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease in the central nervous system, with movement disorder as the main clinical feature and chronic loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra as the main pathological feature. The pathogenesis of PD has not been fully clarified so far. In recent years, important achievements have been made in the basic research on PD in China and foreign countries. This article briefly reviews these research advances from the following five aspects: abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein in the brain, association between gut-brain axis and PD, molecular mechanism for the death of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and the role of glial cells and peripheral immune cells in the pathogenesis of PD. These advances show that PD is a systemic disease involving not only dopaminergic neurons and glial cells in the brain, but also peripheral immune cells and other tissue and organs. Such new understanding will help to promote the future development of accurate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.