Objective：To explore the optimal method of diagnosis and treatment for patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome （OVSS）. Methods：The clinical data of six patients with OVSS were retrospectively analyzed. Results：Among the six patients，five cases had type Ⅱ and one had type Ⅲ OVSS，according to the anatomical classification. All six patients were examined by ultrasonography. Four cases had uterus didelphys，and two had a complete uterine septum. In addition，three cases had a right oblique septum，and three cases had a left oblique septum. All patients were found to have ipsilateral renal agenesis. All cases underwent oblique vaginal septum resection，and hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy was performed in three of them. During the surgery，two patients were diagnosed with endometriosis，and one with pelvic inflammatory disease and hydrosalpinx. Three patients had dysmenorrhea preopera－tively and relief of symptoms postoperatively. Two of the three patients with fertility requirement conceived naturally after the surgery. Conclusion：OVSS have diverse clinical manifestations，which usually result in misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis of this disease is the key to treatment. Oblique vaginal septum resection is the optimal treatment for OVSS.
