Notch信号与少突胶质前体细胞增殖和分化的相关研究进展

Research advances in the relationship between Notch signaling and proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

摘要:

中枢神经系统（central nervous system，CNS）脱髓鞘是以神经髓鞘脱失为主，神经元胞体和轴突受累相对较轻的一类神经性病变疾病。在CNS中，少突胶质细胞（oligodendrocyte，OLs）损伤是导致脱髓鞘发生的主要原因。提高少突胶质前体细胞（oligodendrocyte precursor cells，OPCs）增殖和分化的能力可促进髓鞘修复。因此，研究OPCs的增殖和分化机制可为脱髓鞘疾病的治疗提供一种新思路和新靶点。Notch信号是一种进化上高度保守的信号转导途径，广泛存在于真核生物和原核生物中，与细胞、组织、器官的分化和发育密切相关。近年来研究发现Notch信号在髓鞘的再生过程中发挥重要作用。本文就Notch信号在OPCs增殖和分化的作用进行简要综述。

Abstract:

Central nervous system（CNS） demyelination is a neuropathic disease characterized by demyelination with relatively little involvement of neuronal bodies and axons，and oligodendrocyte damage is the leading cause of CNS demyelination. Enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells（OPCs） can improve myelin repair. Therefore，studying the mecha－nism of proliferation and differentiation of OPCs can provide a new idea and new target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily highly conserved signal transduction pathway widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and is closely related to the differentiation and development of cells，tissues，and organs. In recent years，studies have found that Notch sig－naling plays an important role in the regeneration of myelin. This article briefly reviews the role of Notch signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs.