小胶质细胞对脑缺血的影响

Effect of microglial cells on cerebral ischemia

摘要:

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的重要免疫细胞，在脑缺血后的炎症反应过程中发挥炎性损伤和神经保护双重作用。脑缺血发生后，小胶质细胞出现活化和增生，并被激活为M1型和M2型，不同的小胶质细胞表型对脑缺血的作用不同。M1型极化的小胶质细胞通过释放促炎性介质抑制中枢神经系统恢复，而M2型极化通过释放抗炎细胞因子、转化生长因子、脑源性神经生长因子等促进组织的修复和再生。本文将对脑缺血后小胶质细胞的活化及机制、迁移增生、极化及小胶质细胞对脑缺血的影响作一综述。

Abstract:

Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system. They play a dual role in inflammatory damage and neuroprotection during inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia. After cerebral ischemia，microglia are activated and prolifer－ated，converting into M1 phenotype and M2 phenotype. Different microglia phenotypes have different effects on cerebral ischemia. M1-polarized microglia inhibit the recovery of central nervous system by releasing inflammatory mediators，while M2-polarized microglia promote tissue regeneration and repair by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines，transforming growth factor，and brain-derived nerve growth factor. This article reviews the activation and mechanism of action，migration and proliferation，polarization，and the effect of microglia on cerebral ischemia.