西藏昌都市藏族人群高血压患病率及危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Tibetans in Changdu，Tibet

摘要:

目的：调查西藏昌都市藏族人群的高血压患病率及分析其危险因素。方法：选择2016年1月至2017年10月西藏昌都市人民医院体检的1 253例藏族人群作为研究对象，通过问卷调查、体格检查、生化检验收集数据，统计其患病率，并运用SPSS 22.0软件进行秩和检验、卡方检验及logistic回归等处理，分析其高危因素。结果：调查人群的高血压患病率为49.8%，其中男性患病率（51.2%）与女性患病率（48.5%）无统计学差异（χ2=0.967，P=0.326），但60岁以上男性患病率要高于女性患病率（χ2=8.438，P=0.004），且糖尿病患者的高血压患病率明显高于非糖尿病者（ χ2=28.146，P=0.000）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，高龄（OR=1.072，95%CI=1.059~1.086，P=0.000）、高海拔（OR=1.463，95%CI=1.018~2.102，P=0.040）、高BMI（OR=1.526，95%CI=1.288~1.809，P=0.000）、糖尿病（OR=1.492，95%CI=1.121~1.986，P=0.006）、心率增快（OR=1.010，95%CI=1.000~1.021，P=0.045）、高甘油三酯（OR=1.642，95%CI=1.259~2.142，P=0.000）为独立危险因素。结论：西藏昌都市藏族人群高血压患病率较高，与其居住环境等有密切关系，需加强对高血压防治的健康教育，提高其相关医学知识，以及重点干预相关人群，提高其生活质量。

Abstract:

Objective：To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Tibetans in Changdu，Tibet. Methods：This study included 1253 Tibetans who underwent physical examination in The Changdu People’s Hospital of Tibet from January 2016 to October 2017. Data were collected from questionnaire survey，physical examination，and biochemical examination. The rank sum test，chi-square test，and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0 to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of hyper－tension. Results：The prevalence of hypertension in the survey population was 49.8%，and it was not significantly different between males and females（51.2% vs. 48.5%， χ2=0.967，P=0.326）. However，in the age group over 60 years，the prevalence was significantly higher in males than in females（χ2=8.438，P=0.004）. Additionally，the prevalence of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that in non-diabetics（χ2=28.146，P=0.000）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the in－dependent risk factors for hypertension included advanced age（OR=1.072，95%CI＝1.059 to 1.086，P=0.000），high altitude（OR=1.463，95%CI=1.018 to 2.102，P=0.040），high body mass index（OR=1.526，95%CI=1.288 to 1.809，P=0.000），diabetes mellitus（OR=1.492，95%CI=1.121 to 1.986，P=0.006），increased heart rate（OR=1.010，95%CI=1.000 to 1.021，P=0.045），and elevated triglyc－erides（OR=1.642，95%CI=1.259 to 2.142，P=0.000）. Conclusion：The Tibetan population in Changdu，Tibet has a high prevalence of hypertension，which is closely related to their living environment. Therefore，it is necessary to strengthen health education on the prevention and treatment of hypertension，improve related med－ical knowledge，and focus on interventions among the relevant population，so as to improve their quality of life.