LncRNA HOTAIR与消化系统肿瘤关系的研究新进展

Research advances in the relationship between lncRNA HOTAIR and digestive system cancers

摘要:

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNA，lncRNA）是长度超过200 nt的基因序列，是RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的转录物，其基因片段缺少开放阅读框，不能编码蛋白质。HOX反义转录RNA（HOX transcript antisense，HOTAIR）是目前研究较成熟的lncRNA之一，广泛参与基因表达调控和蛋白修饰，在调节机体病理生理中扮演重要的角色。研究发现其在消化系统肿瘤组织中表达上调，作为桥接支架与PRC2和LSD1复合物结合，对特定组蛋白基因甲基化修饰，诱导配位染色质基因沉默。通过调控多条信号通路参与肿瘤的发生和进展，并且诱导肿瘤细胞对化疗药物抗性增强，是导致消化系统肿瘤患者复发率高、预后差及进展期患者生存期短的重要原因。

Abstract:

Long non-coding RNAs（lncRNAs） are defined as gene sequences with a length exceeding 200 nt. As transcripts of RNA polymerase Ⅱ， they are not translated into proteins due to the lack of an open reading frame in their gene segments. HOX transcript antisense（HOTAIR），one of the most popular lncRNAs in current research，which is widely involved in the regulation of gene expres－sion and protein modification，plays an important role in regulating the pathological and physiological processes in the body. HOTAIR is found to be upregulated in the digestive system tumor tissues to act as a bridging scaffold between PRC2 and LSD1 complexes，methylate specific histone genes，and induce silencing of coordinated ligand chromatin genes. HOTAIR，which regulates multiple sig－naling pathways to participate in the development and progression of tumor and to induce increased resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents，is an important cause of high relapse rate，poor prognosis，and short survival at progressive stage among patients diagnosed with digestive system cancers.