基于血小板膜的纳米给药系统研究进展

Advances in platelet membrane-coated nanomedicine delivery system

摘要:

为推动血小板膜纳米给药系统的相关探索和研究，选取血小板、血小板膜、纳米粒子等作为关键词，在1961至2019年范围内检索PubMed、CNKI等中外数据库中有关血小板膜纳米给药系统的文献，综述其特性与功能、研究历程、提取方法、载药方法、应用和优缺点6个方面。血小板膜上有多种膜蛋白，与机体内不同类型细胞相互作用，发挥特定生理病理功能。采用反复冻融法提取血小板膜，通过共价偶联、直接包封或包裹等方式负载纳米颗粒。血小板膜纳米颗粒目前在抗肿瘤、抗感染、治疗血小板减少症、免疫治疗、光疗等领域都有相应研究，应用前景广阔。血小板膜纳米给药系统具有多重优势，如体内循环期长、靶向性强、生物相容性好等，同时也存在制备工艺复杂、安全性和稳定性等不足。

Abstract:

To promote the exploration and research about platelet membrane-based nanomedicine delivery system，words including “platelet”，“platelet membrane”，“nanoparticle”，“drug delivery” were selected as key words；literatures related to platelet membrane-based nanomedicine delivery system from 1961 to 2019 were searched in Chinese and foreign databases，such as PubMed，CNKI and others；its characteristics，functions，development，extraction methods，drug-loading methods，clinical applications，advantages and dis－advantages were reviewed. There are many kinds of membrane proteins on platelet membranes，which interact with different types of cells and play specific physiological and pathological functions in the body. Platelet membranes were extracted by repeating freezing-thawing method，and were used to load nanoparticles through covalent conjugation，direct encapsulation or coating. At present，platelet membrane coated nanoparticles have been used in anti-tumor，anti-infection，treatments of thrombocytopenia，immunotherapy，phototherapy and so on，with a broad application prospect. Platelet membrane-coated nanomedicine delivery system has many advan－tages，such as long retention time in blood circulation，high targeting ability and good biocompatibility；at the same time，it has short－comings of complex preparation process，biosafety and stability.