头晕/眩晕的临床诊断基本功：病史采集与体格检查

Basic clinical skills for diagnosing dizziness/vertigo: history taking and physical examination

摘要:

头晕和眩晕是临床最为常见的主诉症状之一。由于症状的非特异性，临床诊治往往较为困难。详尽的病史采集及系统完整的体格检查有助于初步判定病变部位，从而更加有针对性地选择相应的辅助检查，更快捷有效地明确病因，选择正确的治疗策略。本文基于笔者临床处理众多头晕/眩晕患者的诊治经验，从问诊及体格检查方面简要阐释头晕和眩晕的诊治思路。

Abstract:

Dizziness and vertigo are the most common clinical complaint symptoms. However, clinical diagnosis and treatment are often difficult due to the non-specific symptoms. Detailed medical history collection and systematic physical examination are helpful to determine the location of the lesion, so that the corresponding auxiliary examination can be selected more specifically, the cause of the disease can be identified more effectively, and the correct treatment strategy can be made more quickly. Based on the author's rich clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness/vertigo cases, this article briefly explains the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness and vertigo from the aspects of history taking and physical examination.