细菌介导肿瘤治疗的进展与思考

Advances in and reflections on bacteria-mediated oncology therapy

摘要:

肿瘤是危害人类健康的严重疾病，探索新型肿瘤治疗方式、提高其靶向性和药物递送效率、避免肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸、降低副反应是目前肿瘤治疗研究的热点问题。细菌既可以依赖天然的特性靶向缺氧、低pH、高渗透性和免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境，又可以通过免疫调节、细菌毒素促凋亡、抑制血管新生等机制发挥抗肿瘤作用。同时，研究者可以利用基因工程技术改造细菌，使之成为靶向性更高、穿透性更好的工程菌。此外，利用细菌外膜囊泡装载化疗药物或结合纳米材料抗肿瘤以及细菌联合化疗、放疗、光热/光动疗法的出现，使得细菌治疗肿瘤方面研究进展迅速。本文综述了近年来细菌介导肿瘤治疗的最新研究进展，并展望了其未来的发展方向。

Abstract:

Tumor is one kind of disease that seriously endangers human health. It is a hot issue in the research of tumor therapy to explore new tumor therapy methods， improve its targeting and drug delivery efficiency，avoid tumor cell immune escape and reduce side effects. Bacteria-mediated cancer-targeted therapy is a novel experimental strategy for the treatment of cancers. Bacteria are preferentially accumulated in tumor microenvironments，characterized by hypoxia，low pH value，high permeability and immunosuppression. They can exert antitumor effects through inhibiting angiogenesis，promoting apoptosis and inhibiting immunomodulatory activity. Meanwhile，researchers can use genetic engineering techniques to modify bacteria to become engineered bacteria with higher targeting and better penetration. In addition，the emergence of using bacterial outer membrane vesicles loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs or combined with nanomaterials to fight tumors，as well as bacterial combination chemotherapy，radiotherapy， and photothermal/photodynamic therapy has led to rapid progress in research on bacterial therapy for tumors. This paper reviews the recent research progress in bacteria-mediated oncology therapy and looks forward to its future development.