间充质干细胞迁移治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

Advances in mesenchymal stem cell migration for treating spinal cord injury

摘要:

脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury，SCI）通常会导致严重的神经功能障碍。间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cell，MSC）是治疗SCI最有前途的干细胞类型之一。MSC移植后的低迁移效率、低存活率和低分化率严重限制了MSC移植在临床上的应用。此外，大量研究显示不论是静脉注射还是脊髓内注射，很少有细胞发生定向迁移和整合。近年研究显示，MSC的定向迁移受细胞因子、基因转录表达和组织工程影响。本文从细胞因子、基因表达调控及组织工程3个方面对MSC迁移的作用进行总结，同时归纳近年通过促进MSC迁移治疗SCI策略的研究进展，为进一步提高治疗SCI的效果、实现精准医疗提供思路。

Abstract:

Spinal cord injury（SCI） usually leads to severe neurological dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cell（MSC） are considered as one of the most promising stem cell types to treat SCI. However，the low migration efficiency，low survival rate and low differentiation rate after MSC transplantation seriously limit the clinical application of MSC transplantation. In addition，numerous studies have shown that targeted migration and integration occurs to very little cells either by intravenous or intraspinal injection. Recent studies have shown that the directional migration of MSC is influenced by cytokine induction，transcriptional gene expression，and tissue engineering. In this review，we summarize the role of MSC migration in terms of cytokines，gene expression regulation，tissue engineering，and the progress of recent research on strategies to treat SCI by promoting MSC migration. It will provide ideas to further improve the effectiveness of treatment of SCI and realize precision medicine.