tRF & tiRNA分子在疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of tRF & tiRNA in diseases

摘要:

对下一代测序数据的深入分析，揭示了许多具有不同功能的小分子非编码RNA。近年来，来源于tRNA衍生的小分子RNA（transfer-RNA derived small RNAs，tsRNAs）引起了广泛关注。tsRNAs主要有2种类型，即tRNA半分子（tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA，tiRNA）和tRNA衍生片段（tRNA-derived fragment，tRF）。它们根据在前体或成熟tRNA转录物的切割位置不同而产生。这些tRF和tiRNA的核苷酸组成、生物发生和功能具有异质性。新的研究表明，tRF和tiRNA不仅是tRNA降解的碎片，而且在许多特定的生理和病理过程中起调节作用。本文综述tRF和tiRNA的类型，提出tRF和tiRNA的生物学功能和作用机制的新概念，重点介绍tRF和tiRNA在人类疾病中的潜在应用，并提出目前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。

Abstract:

Due to the in-depth analysis of the next generation sequencing data，many small noncoding RNA with different functions have been revealed. In recent years，transfer-RNA derived small RNAs（tsRNAs） have attracted wide attention. There are two main types：tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA（tiRNA） and tRNA-derived fragment（tRF），which are produced according to their positions in precursor or mature tRNA transcripts. These tRF & tiRNA molecules are heterogeneous in size，the nucleotide composition，biogenesis，and function. New research shows that tRF & tiRNA molecule is not only fragments of tRNA degradation，but also plays a regulatory role in specific physiological and pathological processes. In this paper，the types of tRF & tiRNA are reviewed，and the new concepts of biological functions and mechanisms of tRF & tiRNA molecule are proposed. The potential applications of tRF & tiRNA in human diseases are emphatically introduced，and existing issues and future research directions have been proposed.