外泌体及其携带的microRNAs对脑缺血-再灌注损伤影响的研究进展

Research advances in the effect of exosomes and their microRNAs on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

摘要:

脑缺血-再灌注损伤（cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury，CIRI）是继发于缺血性脑卒中血流再通后的脑组织损伤，有很高的致死率及致残率。外泌体是从细胞释放到细胞外空间的双层脂质膜结构微小囊泡，通过其携带的膜蛋白、细胞质蛋白和遗传物质，在细胞间起着传递信息、靶向运输及调节多种病理生理功能的作用。体内大多数细胞都可以分泌外泌体，外泌体及其携带的微小RNAs（microRNAs）在减轻CIRI后的神经功能损伤及促进脑血管再生中有着积极的作用。深入研究外泌体及其携带的microRNAs对CIRI的保护作用及其机制，可为外泌体的临床转化及CIRI治疗提供新思路。

Abstract:

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury（CIRI） is brain tissue damage secondary to ischemic stroke after blood flow recanalization and has extremely high fatality and disability rates. Exosomes are microvesicles with a double-layer lipid membrane structure released from cells into the extracellular space and play the roles of information transmission，targeted transportation，and regulation of various pathological and physiological functions through the membrane proteins，cytoplasmic proteins，and genetic materials they carry. Most cells inside the body can secrete exosomes，and exosomes and the microRNAs they carry play a positive role in alleviating neurological deficits and promoting cerebral angiogenesis after CIRI. Further studies on the protective effect of exosomes and their microRNAs on CIRI and its mechanism can provide new ideas for the bench-to-bedside translation of exosomes and the treatment of CIRI.