Characteristics and curative effect analysis of patients during pregnancy with sudden deafness

Abstract:

Objective：To investigate the characteristics and treatment outcome of patients during pregnancy with sudden deafness. Methods：A retrospective study was conducted on 88 cases of sudden deafness during pregnancy who were admitted from August 1，2015 to June 30，2018（including outpatients and hospitalized patients）. According to the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of sudden deafness in 2015，there were 26 cases of flat type and 62 cases of total deafness. For these cases，the time from onset to visit was less than 15 days，and those with contraindications to hormones were excluded from the study. Oral hormone and intratympanic injection were then given at the same time. The results of pure tone audiometry at 1，2，and 4 weeks and 3 months after treatment were analyzed for curative effect analysis. Another 88 patients with sudden deafness who were hospitalized in the same period were selected as control group，consisting of 26 cases of flat type and 62 cases of total deafness（female，no pregnancy）. Results：Flat type and total deafness are the most common types in the experimental group，including 30 cases in the second trimester of pregnancy and 58 cases in the third trimester. In this group，the overall response rate was 39.77%（35/88）. And the cure rate，marked response rate，and response rate of total deafness were 0%（0/62），14.52%（9/62），and 24.19%（15/62），respectively，while the corresponding rates of flat type were 0%（0/26），19.23%（5/26），and 23.08%（6/26），respectively. Regarding the control group，the overall response rate，marked response rate，and response rate of total deafness were 6.45%（4/62），27.42%（17/62），and 38.71%（24/62），respectively. And the corresponding rates of flat type in the control group were 7.69%（2/26），34.62%（9/26），and 38.46%（10/26），respectively. The overall response rate was 75%（66/88） in the control group. There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of the overall response rate（P<0.05）. There were also significant differences with respect to the subjects of total deafness and flat type between these two groups（P<0.05）. All infants’ Apgar scores were normal at birth and they were all healthy during 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion：Total deafness is the most common type of sudden deafness in pregnancy，followed by flat type，with severe hearing loss during pregnancy. And the marked response rate and response rate are worse than those of common sudden deafness，but the sample size still needs to be further increased. Altogether，oral hormone combined with intratympanic injection is a safe treatment.