Abstract:Objective: To analyze the clinical features, pathological changes and treatment of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), improve the understanding and clinical diagnosis of AIN. Methods: 199 cases of children AIN in our hospital during the period of January, 2010 to December, 2017 were analyzed about the clinical features, auxiliary examination and treatment outcome. Results: There were 180 cases of infection-induced AIN in199 cases, accounting for 90.4%, respiratory infections were the most common (66.8%), followed by digestive infection. The main pathogens are virus infection, including EB virus, Coxsackie virus, Respiratory syncytial virus and so on. 125 cases of DAIN, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (52.5%) and antibiotics (30.3%) were the most common. 19 cases (9.5%) of Non-infectious diseases, including bee stings, poisoning, Surgery and so on. The main clinical manifestations included 117 cases of fever (58.8%), 60 cases of vomiting (39.2%), 46 cases of abdominal pain (30.2%), 35 cases of diarrhea (17.6%), 9 cases of eosinophilia (4.5%), and 9 cases (4.5%) of rash. renal damage include 147 cases (73.9%) of hematuria, 86 cases (43.2%) of edema, 82 cases (41.2%) of oliguria or anuria. Typical triads are not seen in this study. 69 patients (34.7%) had ARF, 50 patients (26.1%) had an increase in 24h urinary protein (mean 0.49 ± 0.45g/24 h). Urine routine include hematuria (73.9%), proteinuria (64.3%), leukocyturia (28.6%) . Four cases of renal biopsy were performed with tubulointerstitial lesions, and the glomerulus and renal vessels were basically normal. All patients were treated with removal cause and symptomatic treatment, 46 patients were treated with blood purification because of ARF or poisoning, 6 of them were combined with glucocorticoid, renal function and Urine tests returned to normal in the short term. Conclusion: The main cause of AIN in children is infection, mainly viral infection, followed by drugs. The clinical manifestations is unexplained renal function decline and abnormal urine test. Acute renal failure may occur in severe cases .Timely diagnosis and remove the cause of the key to treatment, blood purification and short-term glucocorticoid therapy if it is necessary, most of them have a good prognosis.
