Investigation and analysis of 150 cases of blood transfusion reactions

Abstract:

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of blood transfusion reactions in hospital，so as to provide data support for promoting clinical blood transfusion safety. Methods: Reports of blood transfusion reactions that occurred from August 2017 to February 2020 were collected，and reports of patients using multiple blood components during surgery were excluded. The related data were statistically analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability method. Results: In two and a half years，the incidence of blood transfusion reactions was 0.42%（153/36 391）. The incidence of blood transfusion reactions varied greatly among blood components transfusion（P=0.000），and the incidence of platelets and suspended red blood cells was higher than that of plasma（χ²=19.098，P=0.000； χ²=10.07，P=0.002）. Suspended red blood cells caused febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions（FNHTR） accounted for 71.26% of the total febrile reactions. The 3 cases of transfusion-associated circulatory overload（TACO） were all occurred after transfusion of suspended red blood cells（100%），and allergic reactions were mainly caused by plasma（58.73%） and platelets（25.40%）. The incidence of platelets transfusion reactions was the highest（0.52%）. Red blood cells caused FNHTR and other non-specific clinical symptoms（chest pain，tightness，vomiting，etc.），and plasma mostly caused allergic reactions. Clinical symptoms of allergic reactions varied from mild rash to severe anaphylactic shock. Conclusion: There is a wide classification of transfusion reactions，and different types can occur separately or together. The patients receiving blood transfusion are mostly concentrated in hematology and intensive care unit（ICU） departments，and these patients often have a variety of underlying diseases that can easily interfere with the rapid diagnosis of transfusion reactions. By analyzing the transfusion reactions caused by blood component in our hospital，we can help provide data support for the improvement of the transfusion early warning system，further enhance the risk awareness of clinical and nursing staff，and protect the safety of patients using blood.