Abstract:Objective: To understand the common allergens of children, and to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases of children in Chongqing. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 10 183 children (6 245 males and 3 938 females) who had skin prick tests for allergens in 6 different hospitals in the urban area of Chongqing and its surrounding districts and counties from January 2018 to June 2020. The statistical analysis was made by chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test. Results: The positive rate of more than one allergen detection was 61.40%. The top three positive rates of inhalation allergen in different allergic diseases were bronchial asthma (45.71%), chronic cough (22.79%) and allergic rhinitis (16.06%). In bronchial asthma, chronic cough, variant rhinitis, cough variant asthma, conjunctivitis, adenoid hypertrophy, the positive detection rate of inhalation was higher than that of ingestion (P<0.05). The positive detection rate of ingestion in allergic dermatitis was significantly higher than that of inhalation (P=0.007). There were differences in the intensity distribution of positive responses to different inhaled allergens (P=0.000), and the positive responses of house dust mites and dust mites were mainly "+++" to "++++". There were differences in the intensity distribution of positive reactions to different ingestion allergens (P=0.000), and eggs were mainly positive reactions of "+++" to "++++". The highest positive proportion of allergens detected in corn pollen was 6.62%, among the different pollens. The distribution of allergens in different age groups between different genders was statistically different (P=0.004). Among them, the proportion of positive allergens in 3-6 years old is higher than that in the 6-18 year old group, and the positive detection rate of boys is higher than that of girls of the same age group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.006). The positive detection rate of inhaled allergens increased with age, and the positive detection rate of ingested allergens was highest within 1 year of age. There was a statistical difference between inhaled and ingested allergens between different quarters (P=0.000), in which the first quarter was lower than the third quarter (P=0.000), the second quarter was higher than the third quarter (P=0.004), and the fourth quarter was lower than the third quarter (P=0.049). Conclusion: The inhaled allergens of children in Chongqing are mainly household dust mites, dust mites and cockroaches, and the ingested allergens are mainly sea crabs, eggs and shrimp. The epidemic trend tends to 3-6 years old and 6-18 years old, male, and high prevalence from April to June, and it is mainly detected in the form of respiratory disease. This study provides direction for the treatment and prevention of children’s allergen diseases in Chongqing, with important reference value.
