Clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome with overweight or obesity and related influencing factors

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the differences in clinical features and sleep structure between patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） with or without overweight/obesity，as well as related influencing factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and polysomnography（PSG） results of 458 OSAHS patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2020 to April 2021，and according to body mass index（BMI），they were divided into OSAHS group and OSAHS+overweight/obesity group. For all 458 patients，there were 91 patients（19.9%） in the OSAHS group and 367 patients（80.1%） in the OSAHS+overweight/obesity group. Clinical data and PSG results were compared between the two groups，and univariate analysis and regression analyses were used to explore the influencing factors for OSAHS in patients with overweight or obesity.Results There were significant differences between the two groups in neck circumference，waist circumference，OSAHS severity，daytime sleepiness score，history of hypertension，history of type 2 diabetes mellitus，apnea hypopnea index，microarousal index，mean oxygen saturation（MSaO₂） at night，and lowest oxygen saturation（LSaO₂） at night（all P<0.05）. The multivariate regression analysis showed that BMI（t=2.639，P=0.009），the family history of snoring（t=-2.521，P=0.0012），microarousal index（t=12.813，P=0.000），and LSaO₂（t=-7.407，P=0.000） were the main influencing factors for OSAHS in patients with overweight or obesity.Conclusion There are differences in clinical features and sleep structure between the OSAHS patients with or without overweight/obesity，and elevated BMI，the family history of snoring，an increase in microarousal index，and a reduction in LSaO₂ are independent risk factors for OSAHS in patients with overweight or obesity.