Abstract:Objective：To observe the precise pathological characteristics（cerebral hemisphere and hippocampal volume，neuronal quantity and so on） of animal models of diffuse cortical dysplasias（DCD） in cortex with stereological methods，and to discuss the mechanism of pathologic changes and epileprogenesis in this model. Methods：An animal model of DCD was established by exposing pregnant SD rats to X ray using a single dose of 150 cGy on embryonic day 17（E17） for 84 seconds. Slice was followed by quantita－tive analysis of neuron density，cell，diameter of nucleus，the distribution（DCD） and white matter neurons using Gundersen two-di－mensional cell counting methods. Statistics analysis was used with mean standard deviation（x±s），P<0.05 representing significant，and student test analysis. Results：From birth to adult rats，the weight of body and brain of DCD rats decreased about 19%（P>0.05） and 57%（P<0.05） respectively. The volume of brain，cortex，hippocampus and CA1 decreased about 36%（P<0.05），19%（P>0.05），39%（P<0.05） and 32%（P<0.05） respectively，but only P56 and P84，compared with the same age group，decreased 38% and 36%（P<0.05） respectively. Cortex/brain，hippocam－pus/brain，and CA1/hippocampus decreased about 20%，21%and 27% respectively in DCD rats，but only P56 and P84 for CA1/hippocampus was significantly reduced by 37% and 35%（P<0.05）. HE stain and Nissl stain showed there were clusters of large neurons in both superficial and deep layers in the model rats’ cortex. Neuron density，cell density and neuron percentage increased 99 times，121 times，and 64 times respectively in DCD rats with statistical significance（P<0.05）. The average level of neuronal nuclei Feret’s diameter was not statistically significant. DCD rat brain，and hippocampal volume reduction lay mainly in coronal shortening. In DCD rat，ectopic nodules，subcortical heterotopic nodules and ectopic hippocampal structure and cell characteristics of nodules of cortical layer Ⅰ were similar compared with the cortical nod－ules of Ⅱ~Ⅲ cortex layer. Conclusion：DCD rat cortical section layerⅠ，subcortical white matter and hippocampus ectopic nodules did not migrate to the cortex layer Ⅱ~Ⅲ. Biological stereology method is a good approach to study and research biology because it can detect precise pathological characteristics.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the expression and distribution of BACE2 in human pancreas and insulinoma，and to investigate the function of BACE2 in normal pancreas as well as the possible roles of BACE2 in the amyloidogenesis of T2DM. Methods：Human pancreas and insulinoma tissues obtained from the department of general surgery，the first affiliated hospital were used in this study.We have used immunohistochemistry to detect the distribution of BACE2，BACE1 and IAPP in human pancreas and the distribution of BACE2 in human insulinoma. Western blot were applied to examine the protein levels of BACE2 in human pancreas and insulinoma. Results：Immunohistochemical staining showed that BACE2 expressed in human pancreas islets cells as well as insulinoma，BACE1 expressed in pancreas islets. Double stains indicated that BACE2 expressed mainly in islet β-cells，the same as the expression position of IAPP in pancreas. Western blot revealed that both pancreas and insulinoma expressed BACE2，and the protein level in insulinoma was higher. Conclusion：The presence of BACE2 in human pancreas and insulinoma，especially the coexpression of BACE2 and IAPP in islet β-cells suggests that BACE2 may play a potential role in the amyloidogenesis of T2DM.

Abstract:Objective：To use an in vivo titanium particles induced mouse calvarial osteolysis model to investigate the inhibitory effect of erythromycin and alendronate on the osteolysis． Methods：Forty female eight-week-old BALB/C mice were randomly divided into 5 groups 8 in each group. Control group （A） received sham operation；titanium particle group （B） received 30 mg titanium particle im－plantation onto the calvariae；alendronate group （C） received 30 mg titanium particle implantation and alendronate 0.3 mg/（kg·week－ly） by ip injection；one unit of erythromycin group （D） received 30 mg titanium particle implantation and ip injection of EM 2 mg/（kg·d） in the next week；two units of erythromycin group （E） received ip injection of EM 2 mg/（kg·d） on the next day of 30 mg ti－tanium particles implantation；two weeks later mouse clvariae were harvested. The EM and ALN efficacy was evaluated by Micro-CT and histology. Results：Micro-CT analysis showed that bone mineral density （BMD） and bone volume percentage （BVF） were sig－nificantly higher in the EM，ALN treated group（CDE） compared to the Ti group（B）（P<0.05）；BMD and BVF were significantly high－er in the Control group （A） compared to the Ti group（B）（P<0.05）. Histology analysis had a similar result with BMD. Conclusion：Erythromycin and alendronate can effectively inhibite titanium particles induced calvarial osteolysis in vivo.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of rs2200733 and rs251253 polymorphisms with atrial fibrillation（AF）. Methods：We performed an association study between rs2200733 and rs251253 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and atrial fibrillation. According to inclusion criteria，we enrolled 100 patients with AF，and the control group consisted of 107 patients without AF. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of all patients using a TIANamp blood DNA kit according to the standard proto－col. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs2200733 and rs251253 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction frag－ment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP） analysis. Results：There was rs2200733 polymorphism in the case group.The frequencies of the three kinds of genotypes（TT，CT，CC） in AF group and control group were 21.0%，65.0%，14.0%；and 29.0%，46.7%，24.3%，re－spectively. The distribution of genotypes in AF group and control group had significant difference（P=0.027），with the frequency of CT genotype significantly higher in AF group than in control group（P=0.032）. No significant difference in the distributions of C and T al－lele frequencies was observed between two groups（P>0.05）. There was also rs251253 polymorphism in the case group. The frequen－cies of the three kinds of genotypes（GG，AG，AA） in AF group and control group were 70.0%，28.0%，2.0%；and 70.1%，25.2%，4.7%，respectively. There was no significant difference in distribution of genotypes and G and Aallele frequencies between two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Polymorphism of rs2200733 may be associated with the risk of AF，and CT genotype may be a susceptible genet－ic factor for patients with atrial fibrillation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association between serum klotho protein level and single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and combined genotypes of Klotho G-395A，F352V and C370S in elderly people of Han nationality in Chongqing. Methods：Unrelat－ed 390 elderly individuals from Chinese Han population （in Chongqing were selected.Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Klotho gene in the G-395A，F352V and C370S were tested by allele-specific primer（ASP） PCR，and serum klotho protein level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Results：No significant difference was found in serum klotho protein level in the aged carrying allelic genotypes of Klotho G-395A，F352V and C370S SNP（P>0.05）. According to combined genotype analysis，the klotho protein level in the elderly individuals carrying Klotho G-395G+F352F +C370S was higher than that in the elderly individuals with Klotho G-395G+F352F+C370C（P=0.056）. Conclusion：No association of allelic genotypes of Klotho G-395A，F352V and C370S SNP with serum klotho protein levels is found.But a trend is found that serum klotho protein level in those with Klotho G-395G+F352F+C370S is higher than that in the elderly individuals with Klotho G-395G+F352F+C370C.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of a common functional polymorphism （Asp327Asn） in the sex hormone-binding globulin（SHBG）gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in Chinese Han population. Methods：Asp327Asn polymorphism in 248 cases（T2DM group） and 351 controls （NC group） were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymor－phism （PCR-RFLP） technique.Homeostatic model assessment （HOMA） was used to assess beta cell function（HOMA-B） and in－sulin resistance （HOMA-IR）. Results：The variant Asn allele frequency was significantly lower in T2DM group than（14.5％，20.1％，respectively） that in NC group.Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the variant Asn allele was associated with a re－duced risk of T2DM（OR=0.62，95％CI:0.42~0.91，P=0.016）． Conclusion：This study suggests that the Asn allele in the SHBG gene might be related to a reduced risk of T2DM in the Chinese Han population.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate whether the presence of K-ras gene mutations is a useful tumor-response marker in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Methods：46 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. DNA was isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues before chemoradiotherapy amplified by PCR，and then sequenced in order to detect K-ras mutations in codons 12，13. Post-operative speci－mens were classified according to the Dwork’s tumor regression grading （TRG）. Good tumor regression was defined as TRG 2+3+4，insignificant tumor regression as TRG 0+1. Results：DNA was successfully extracted from 43 patients，K-ras mutation occured in 15 patients（34.9%），of which mutation in codon 12 occurred in 11 patients（73.3%），and mutation in，codon 13 occurred in 4 patients （26.7%）. 29 （67.4%） patients were graded as TRG 2+3+4，14（32.6%）as TRG 0+1.　Pathologic response rates in K-ras gene muta－tion group and wild group were 66.7% and 67.8%，respectively，with no significant difference between two groups （P=0.793）. Con－clusions：There is no difference in the degree of tumor pathological regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer in the different K-ras genotypes，K-ras mutation status does not predict response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Abstract:Objective：To construct a lentiviral vector for RNA interference（RNAi） of Rabex-5 gene and to detect its silence effect on Rabex-5 in MCF-7 cells. Methods：The synthesised single-stranded primer was annealed to double-stranded oligo sequences and sub-cloned into linear pMAGic lentiviral plasmid vector digested by enzyme AgeⅠ and EcoRⅠ. DH5?琢 competent cells were trans－formed and positive clone were screened，identified and sequenced. The recombinant lentivirus was packaged into mature lentivirus by 293FT cells and used to infect MCF-7 cells. The expression of Rabex-5 in the cells was detected by real-time PCR and West－ern blot. Results：PCR and sequencing verified that the recombinant lentivirus plasmid Rabex5-shRNA was successfully constructed. Compared with the negative control and the blank control cells，Rabex-5 mRNA and protein level was reduced in MCF-7 cells in－fected by lentivirus. RNAi3 had the best effect of gene silence. Conclusion：The lentiviral RNAi expression vector targeting Rabex-5 gene is successfully constructed and it can downregulate the expression of Rabex-5 in MCF-7 cells，which lays the experimental foundation for the research on the changes of malignant biological activity of tumor cell lines and gene therapy.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the relation between the expression of EGF-R or IGF-1-R and epithelial differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）. Methods：The cultured passage 3（P3） BMSCs were induced or not induced by EGF or IGF-1；The P5-BMSCs were cultured with antibody of EGF-R or IGF-1-R for 4 h，and then induced or not induced by EGF or IGF-1.The expression time of EGF-R，IGF-1-R and CK in these cells was detected with immunohistochemical Sp method. Results：The first expression time of EGF-R，IGF-1-R and CK in un-induced P3-BMSCs was respectively on the 8th～11th d，10th～14th d and 16th～18th d. The expression time of EGF-R or IGF-1-R，which was induced by EGF or IGF-1，was 2 d～4 d earlier than the time in un-in－duced cells. When P5-BMSCs were blocked by antibody of EGF-R or IGF-1-R，the expression time of CK was 2 days later than that of control. Conclusion：The expression of EGF-R and IGF-1-R in BMSCs was closely correlated with their epithelial differentiation in vitro；The passages 4～5 BMSCs were best time for the addition of exogenous EGF、IGF-1 to induce BMSCs differentiation into ep－ithelial cell in vitro.

Abstract:Objective：To develop an in vitro model for bovine dentinal tubule infection of root canals and to investigate dentinal tubules invasion by Enterococcus faecalis. Methods：Thirty-six freshly extracted，mature bovine incisors were used in this study（six of them for the control at random，others for the test）. Following biomechanical instrumentation and autoclaving，all the specimens were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis suspension. To investigate the bacterial status in infected tubules，the images stack were ob－tained by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） in different time intervals，which were one，two，three，four，and eight weeks for the test and eight weeks for the control. Results：With the development of time，infected dentinal tubules increased. The initial time of denti－nal tubules invaded by Enterococcus faecalis was two weeks，and the dense invasion time was four weeks，but there was no significant difference between four weeks and eight weeks. They were in interval distribution，with densely packed in some tubules whilst empty in the adjacent tubules. The bacteria also invaded orthodentine at the same time，and they were blocked. Conclusion：Enterococcus faecalis can penetrate into dentinal tubules and orthodentine，and it takes four weeks to establish this in vitro model under anaerobic condition.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate PCDH17 gene promoter methylation status and its impact on the transcriptional expression of PCDH17 in NPC （Nasopharyngeal carcinoma，NPC） cell lines.and to investigate the function of PCDH17 in nasopharyngeal carcino－ma. Methods：Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR （RT-PCR） and Methylation specific PCR（MSP） were used not only to de－tect transcription level and promoter methylation status of PCDH17 gene in five NPC cell lines，human laryngeal carcinoma cell line （Fadu），normal immortalized epithelial cell lines（NP69），but also after NPC cell lines were exposed to demethylating agent.The tu－mor-suppressive function of PCDH17 in NPC cancer was investigated further in vitro assays. Results：PCDH17 was not expressed in 5 NPC cell lines and in Fadu，but expressed in NP69.Demethylating agent could restore the expression of PCDH17 mRNA.The Cell function experiments suggest that PCDH17 could inhibit the cell colony formation and migration. Conclusion：The transcriptional in－activation in NPC cell lines is mainly caused by the DNA methylation.PCDH17 plays a role of tumor suppressor gene in NPC.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of different durations of 50 Hz 3.6 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic fields （SEMFs） on the proliferation and differentiation of human umbilical cord stem cells （HUCSCs） in vitro. Methods：The HUCSCs were isolated from the neonate umbilical cord and randomly divided into 6 groups after one passage. The treatment groups were under 50 Hz 3.6 mT SEMFs respectively for 0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0 h，and 2.5 h each day，while the control group underwent no SEMFs treatment. All groups were observed under the contrast phase microscope each day. The proliferation was tested by MTT. At 15 d and 17 d after the SEMFs treatment the calcified nodules were stained by alizarin red and vonkossa respectively. At 4 d and 6 d after the SEMFs treatment the Collagen-Ⅰand BMP-2 mRNA were tested by real time PCR. At 10，12，14 d，and 16 d after the SEMFs treatment the ALP activity was tested. Results：the SEMFs were arranged in spiral appearance 7~9 d after the treatment.The SEMFs promoted the proliferation of HUCSCs，except in 0.5 h group. The ALP activity in 0.5 h and 1.0 h groups significantly increased at 14 d and 16 d after the SEMFs treatment. The calcified nodules number in 0.5 h and 1.0 h groups significantly increased after the SEMFs treatment. The Collagen-Ⅰand BMP-2 mRNA expression in 0.5 h and 1.0 h groups significantly increased after the SEMFs treatment. Conclusion：1.0，1.5，2.0 h，and 2.5 h treatment of 50 Hz 3.6 mT SEMFs promoted the proliferation of HUCSC，0.5 h and 1.0 h treatment of 50 Hz 3.6 mT SEMFs significantly enhanced the osteogenesis differentiation of human umbilical cord.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the difference in microRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines of anthracycline anticancer drug resistance and explore the association between microRNA and drug resistance of breast cancer. Methods：The differentially expressed miRNAs between anthracycline anticancer drug-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADM and its parental cell line MCF-7 were identified by miRNA profiling of these two cell lines using miRNA microarray；the results obtained by microarray profiling were vali－dated using real-time RT-PCR analysis. Results：Microarray analysis of MCF-7 to MCF-7/ADM cells identified 14 differentially ex－pressed genes，including 6 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes in MCF-7/ADM cells；real-time RT-PCR identified 6 microR－NAs that were differentially expressed between MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADM cells，including 3 up-regulated microRNAs：has-miR-221，has-miR-222，has-miR-106a，and 3 down-regulated microRNAs：has-let- 7a，has-miR -421，has-miR-23b in MCF-7/ADM cells.Conclusion：microRNA are differentially expressed in anthracycline anticancer drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines and its parental cell line，which suggests that microRNA may play a role in the development of drug-resistance in breast cancer cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects and its significance of survivin gene in rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Methods：Wister rat liver regeneration model of 70% partial hepatectomy was established. The expressions of Survivin and cell cycle-related protein cyclinD1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in liver regeneration rat tissues at different time points. Results：The level of Survivin protein expression was significantly increased during 12~72 h after partial hepatectomy and reached its peak at 48 h after partial hepatectomy. The level of cyclinD1 was upregulated at 12，24，48 h，and 72 h after partial hepatectomy and highly correlated with survivin protein level. Conclusion：The high expression of Survivin protein is significantly correlated with the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of Egr-1 and TNF-α in normal oral mucosa（NOM） and oral lichen planus（OLP） and their correlation. Methods：Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot technique，the expressions of early growth response gene-1（Egr-1） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in the tissues samples（30 cases of NOM tissues and 30 cases of OLP tissues） were detected. Results：（1）In epithelial lamina Egr-1 and TNF-α had expressed both in NOM and OLP，the expression of Egr-1 was no significant difference in the two groups（P>0.05），the expression of TNF-α in OLP group was significantly higher than that in NOM group（P<0.05）；in lamina propria the expression of Egr-1 and TNF-α in OLP group was significantly higher than that in NOM group （P<0.05）. （2）The expressed quantity of Egr-1 and TNF-α in OLP group was significantly higher than that in NOM group（P<0.05）.（3）The expression of Egr-1 and TNF-α in OLP showed a positive correlation（r=0.447，P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Egr-1 and TNF-α were one of the most important factor of OLP，TNF-α excess release of OLP onset may be caused by Egr-1 regulation；The mechanism of action remains to be further studied.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the recombination of envelope protein （E） gene of Chinese dengue virus （DV） isolates. Methods：70 Chinese DV E gene sequences available from GenBank were collected，and aligned with Clustal-W，then were incorporated into recombination detection program （RDP3） for potential recombination event detection. Phylogenetic trees constructed by Mega4 were further generated to confirm the recombination events. Results：Three intra-serotype recombination events，four recombinants isolated in 1995，1997，1999，and 2004，respectively，were confirmed in DV-1 E gene data. However，no recombination event was detected in other three serotypes in the data，so was the inter-serotype recombination. Conclusion：Recombination of E gene regions of Chinese dengue virus type 1 exists，although limited data were available.It highlights the necessity of employing more gene regions and se－quences in the analysis to fully detect the recombination in China.

Abstract:Objective：To develop and validate a simple HPLC method to determine uric acid（UA），xanthine（Xan），hypoxanthine （Hyp），adenine（Ade） and guanine（Gua） in plasma of normals and the patients with Leukemia and liver cirrhosis. Methods：The separation was performed on Phenomenex C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），with 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate（pH 4.65）-methanol（99∶1，v/v） as mobile phase isocratic elution，and measured absorbance at 254 nm. Results:Uric acid had good linear rela－tionship in the range of 0.5~200 μg/ml，and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 7；hypoxanthine，adenine and xanthine had good lin－ear relationships in the range of 0.005~0.300 μg/ml，and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.999 3；guanine had good lin－ear relationships in the range of 0.015~0.300 μg/ml，and the correlation coefficient was 0.997 1. Conclusion：There are significant differences in the concentration of uric acid，hypoxanthine and xanthine in plasma between the momals and the patients with leukemia or liver cirrhosis，while adenine and guanine do not differ significantly.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the clinical safety of ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids close to sacrococcyx with different models of high intensity focused ultrasound（HIFU） projection. Methods：92 patients with uterine fibroids received ultrasound ablation in our hospital from September 2008 to July 2009，and the distance from leiomyomas border to sacrococcyx was less than 30 mm on MRI images. All the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. 47 patients in experimental group were treated under oblique HI－FU projection. 45 patients in controlled group were treated under vertical HIFU projection. Adverse events，visual analogue scale （VAS），and non-perfused volume （NPV） of both groups were evaluated in this study within a 6-month follow up.Furthermore，com－plications were assessed according to Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology（SIR） Classification. Results：92 cases successfully underwent one session of ultrasound ablation.No major complication was observed in all cases.The minor complication rate was significantly higher in the controlled group than in the experimental group（53.3% vs 36.2%；RR 1.71 [1.03-2.82]；P＜0．05）. VAS was also lower for the experimental group（2.9±1.4 vs 3.6±1.8，P＜0．05）. MRI performed 1 month after the treatment suggested that the experimental group obtained a greater NPV value（80.9%±18.9% vs 75.3%±18.2%，P＜0．05）. Conclusions：Ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids close to sacrococcyx is safety and efficacy. Clinical strategy of oblique HIFU projection protocol reduces uncomfortable responses，pain and complica－tions, and improves tolerance and NPV value.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy，safety，and technical feasibility of endoscopic mucosal resection with ligator device（EMR-L） for gastrointestinal stromal tumors（GISTs） of upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods：This is a retrospective medical record review，which includes fifty-three consecutive patients，who underwent EMR-L for GISTs in upper GI tract from May，2007，to May，2011. Our EMR-L includes four steps as suction，ligation，snare and closure，which has two improvements compared with conven－tional EMR-L. One is ligating two elastic bands，and the other is fixing two clips before snare. The outcome measures included：base－line patient characteristics，endoscopic outcomes，procedural complications，pathological outcomes，and follow-up outcomes. Results：A total of 53 patients were eligible for inclusions in the study，the mean age being 51.7（range 22~76）years，the male/female ratio be－ing 1∶2.3（16∶37）. The tumors were all protruding lesions with hemisphere or strip shape，and the mean lesion size under EUS was 0.95（range 0.3~2.5） cm. EMR-L was easily and successfully performed in 51 patients（success rate，96.2%），but failed in 2 patients who turned to surgery treatment. The mean procedure time was 25（range，14~56） minutes.Serious complications included gastric per－foration 7.5%（4 of 53）；mild complications included retrosternal discomfort 9.4%（5 of 53） and abdominal discomfort 9.4%（5 of 53）. The postoperative histological diagnosis was GISTs for all cases，37.7%（23 of 53） in esophagus and 62.3%（30 of 53） in stomach. Dur－ing a mean follow-up period of 13.5 months（range，3~43 months），there was only one recurrence observed 12 months postoperatively with the recurrence rate of 1.9%. Conclusion：EMR-L is an effective，safe and feasible endoscopic modality for the treatment of small （≤2.5 cm） upper GISTs.

Abstract:Objective：To establish the animal model of hepatocyte transplantation via hepatic artery in SD rats；to evaluate the treat－ment effects of hepatocyte transplantation by hepatic artery and intrasplenic injection in rats with acute hepatic failure. Methods：A－cute hepatic failure（AHF） was induced by D-gal in SD rats. After 24 hours，a cather was inserted into the hepatic artery in 65 rats with AHF. Then the 60 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. GroupⅠreceived 2×107 hepatocytes through intraplenic injection and 0.4 ml Hank’s solution was infused through hepatic artery；GroupⅡ received 0.4 ml Hank’s solution through intraplenic injection and 2×107 hepatocytes was infused through hepatic artery；Group Ⅲ received 0.4 ml Hank’s solution through intraplenic injection and 0.4 ml Hank’s solution through hepatic artery.Surviving rate was observed at 14 days and liver function was measured at different time points. The distribution of transplanted CFDA-SE-labeled hepatocytes through hepatic artery was observed.Secretion of albumin and liver histopathological change were observed in spleen by immunofluorescence and HE staining. Results：At 14 days，the survival of Group Ⅰrats was significantly higher than that of Group Ⅱ rats（P=0.031，<0.05）；the survival of Group Ⅱwas significantly higher than that of Group Ⅲ（P=0.048，<0.05）.Hepatic function of GroupsⅠand Ⅱhad improved，especially of GroupⅠ. In Group Ⅱ，24 h after transplantation of CFDA-SE-labeled hepatocytes，scattered green fluorescence region was found under fluorescent microscopy. In GroupⅠ，at 30 days post-transplatation，immunofluorescent staining of albumin demonstrated some positive cells in spleen；at 7 days post-transplatation，transplanted hepatocytes was found in spleen. Conclusion：Hepatocyte transplantation through catheteriza－tion hepatic artery via carotid route can improve the survival of rats with AHF and ameliorate hepatic function，but intrasplenic injec－tion is significantly superior to it.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the serum levels of calcium（Ca），ferrum（Fe），zinc（Zn）and copper（Cu）related to the neonate de－velopment and growth during pregnancy，with seventy pairs of pregnant women and neonates in Lanzhou taken as the study objects.Methods：Serum levels of Ca，Fe，Zn，Cu were detected in both pregnant women and neonates. Results：The levels of Ca，Fe and Zn in a newborn were much higher than those in his mother.The content of Ca，Fe and Zn in maternal blood had positive correlation with their content in cord blood；there was also positive correlation between the cord blood levels of Ca，Cu and the weight of newborn.Conclusion：Nutritional level of pregnant women is positively related to the quality of the newborn development.The trace elements level should be closely monitored and appropriately supplemented in pregnant women.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical effect of partial splenic embolization（PSE） in treating refractory immune thrombocytope－nia（R-ITP） for children. Methods：26 cases of immune thrombocytopenia for children，which were ineffective with internal medicine，were performed with PSE through Seldinger technique via femoral artery with gelatin sponge by superselective sublobar arterial catheterization. Subsequently，the clinical effect and safety of the treatment on R-ITP for children after PSE were evaluated. Results：After one month the treatment by PSE，the counts of peripheral blood platelet were（287.0±61.7）×109 cells/L，while after two years the treatment by PSE，the counts of peripheral blood platelet were（199.3±15.7）×109 cells/L.There were significant difference in pre－operative and postoperative blood platelet counts.The blood platelet-associated antibodies of the effective cases had gone down，espe－cially，the distinct decline of PAIgG. Clinical symptoms improved obviously，no severe complications occurred in 26 cases. Conclu－sion：As a minimal invasive technique，PSE is a safe and effective method on treating R-ITP for children，it can take the place of operation and retain splenic immune function and has definite clinical value.