Abstract:Objective：To establish a method for determining sulfide in the hydrogen sulfide poisoned blood using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry（GC/MS） and to apply this method in reality. Methods：Different types of sulfides in poisoned blood were converted into sulfur ions by benzalkonium chloride and disodium tetraborate decahydrate mixed solution in alkaline medium. The target analytes were reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide（PFBBr） for derivatization. 1，3，5-tribromobenzene（TBB） was used as internal standard. The derivatives of sulfides were extracted by liquid-liquid solvent extraction and were analyzed by GC/MS. Data were acquired in the selected ion monitoring（SIM） mode and the quantitation of sulfide was done by using internal standard method. Results：A good linearity was obtained at the concentration range of 0.05-10.0 μmol/ml in blood sample，with the correlation coefficient of 0.997 2. The lowest limit of detection was 0.007 2 μmol/ml. Conclusions：The established method is proved to be sensitive，simple，specific and accurate. It can be applied in the quick detection of sulfides in the hydrogen sulfide poisoned blood in medicolegal identification and clinical laboratory.

Abstract:Objectve：To investigate the expressions of osteopontin（OPN） and CD68 in IgA nephropathy and their relationship with re－nal interstitial injury. Methods：According to biopsy results，renal biopsy specimens from 26 patients with diagnosed primary IgA nephropathy were selected as experimental group. According to Lee’s method，pathological injuries were divided intoⅠ-Ⅴ grades and renal interstitial injuries were divided into 0-3 levels. The other four normal renal tissue specimens taken from patients with renal trauma or renal tumor were taken as control group. Blood pressure，serum creatinine，creatinine clearance rate were collected and cal－culated. Expressions of OPN and CD68 in renal tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expressions of OPN were investigated by RT-PCR. Results：（1）Up to 86% patients with IgA nephropathy had renal interstitial injury. Expressions of CD68 in experiment group were significantly higher than those in control group，with statistical differences. （2）Expressions of OPN and mRNA were higher in experiment group than in control group（P＜0.05） and were not correlated with renal interstitial injuries. Expressions of CD68 in renal interstitial substance were positively correlated with renal interstitial injuries. Expressions of OPN were positively cor－related with expressions of CD68 in renal interstitial substance（rs=0.545，P=0.044）. Conclusions：Monocyte/macrophage infiltration in IgA nephropathy is involved in renal interstitial injury. OPN，associated with inflammation，participates in renal interstitial injury by mediating mononuclear and macrophages.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the changes and significances of aquaporin 5（AQP5） and matrix metalloproteinases-9（MMP-9） in severe acute pancreatitis（SAP） associated with lung injury. Methods：SAP model was prepared through retrograde injection of 5% taurocholic acid. SD rats were randomly divided into SAP group and shamed-operated（SO） group. Lung structure damage and AQP5，MMP-9 expressions in lung tissues were examined at 3，6，12 h and 24 h during disease development through the immunofluores－cence staining，real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Results：Lung tissues were significantly damaged in SAP group compared with those in SO group. Immunofluorescence staining，real-time PCR and Western blot showed that in SAP group，there was no change in AQP5 expression until 3 h（P >0.05） and it was gradually decreased at 6 h afterwards（P<0.05）；in SAP group，MMP-9 mRNA ex－pression was significantly increased at 3 h afterwards and was reached the peak at 12 h（P<0.05） but was gradually decreased at 24 h afterwards. MMP-9 protein expression was gradually increased at 3 h afterwards（P<0.001）. Conclusions：AQP5 expression remains constant in lung tissue at early stage of SAP associated with lung injury，but decreases at later stage. This indicates that AQP5 may not be the direct reason for early edema of lung injury. Large expression of MMP-9，pulmonary capillaries basement membrane dissolution，discontinuity and increase of blood capillary permeability are perhaps the main mechanisms of early edema of lung injury. But the decreased lung AQP5 expression can affect the efficiency of transmembrane transport of water molecule mediated by AQP5，induce alveoli liquid removing obstacles and promote the formulation of lung endema，which will increase the severity of lung edema and propel the process of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of sinoaortic denervated（SAD） on the expressions of transient receptor potential canon－ical 3（TRPC3） channel and TRPC6 channel in the aorta of spontaneous hypertensive rats（SHR） and to discuss the relationship a－mong TRPC3，TRPC6 and blood pressure variability（BPV）. Methods：Fourteen male SHR at the age of 10 weeks were randomly di－vided into two groups：SAD operation group（n=7）and sham operation group（n=7）. 24 h blood pressure and BPV were measured in conscious，unrestrained rats at 8 weeks after operation. Expressions of messenger ribonucleic acid（mRNA）and protein of TRPC3 and TRPC6 were determined by RT-PCR，Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining respectively. Results：There was no difference in 24 h average systolic blood pressure（SBP） and diastolic blood pressure（DBP） between the two groups；24 h systolic blood pres－sure variability（SBPV） and diastolic blood pressure variability（DBPV） were significantly higher in SAD group than in sham opera－tion group（P<0.05），（P<0.01）；expressions of mRNA and protein of TRPC3 and TRPC6 were significantly higher in SAD group than in sham operation group（P<0.01）. Conclusions：SBPV and DBPV as well as mRNA and protein expressions of TRPC3 and TRPC6 of rats in SAD group are increased，indicating that the increased expressions of TRPC3 and TRPC6 are closely associated with ele－vated BPV and might be involved in the regulation of BPV.

Abstract:Objective：To provide new ideas for forensic age estimation by studying relationship among cytochrome C oxidase（CCO）activity，contents of cytochrome C（Cyt C） in mitochondria of brain tissues and mice age. Methods：CCO activity and contents of Cyt C in mitochondria of brain tissues of 1，3，6，9，12 months old Kunming mice were detected using UV spectrophotometry. Results：CCO activity and contents of Cyt C in mitochondria of brain tissues were decreased gradually with the increase of mice age. Conclusion：CCO activity and contents of Cyt C in mitochondria of brain tissues may be used for age estimation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects and mechanisms of liver X receptors（LXRs） agonist T0901317 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） injury induced by anoxia/reoxygenation（A/R）. Methods：HUVECs were cultivated and divided into 6 groups randomly：normal control group，anoxia（AN）group，A/R group，A/R groups with different concentrations of T0901317（0.1，１，１０ μmol/L；A/R+T 0.1 group，A/R+T 1 group，A/R+T 10 group）. The apoptosis rate of HUVECs was detected by flow cytometry. The gene expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1） and interleukin-6（IL-6） were assessed by RT-PCR. The activ－ity of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay（EMSA）. Results：Compared with those in nor－mal control group，apoptosis rates of HUVECs were increased significantly，gene expressions of inflammatory factors ICAM-1 and IL-6 were increased，activity of NF-κB was increased significantly in AN group and A/R group（P<0.05）. Compared with those in A/R group，cell apoptosis rates were decreased in A/R+T 0.1 group and A/R+T 1 group（P<0.05），gene expressions of ICAM-1 and IL-6 were inhibited in A/R+T 0.1 group and A/R+T 1 group（P<0.05），moreover，activity of NF-κB was decreased significantly in A/R+T 0.1 group and A/R+T 1 group（P<0.05）. Compared with those in A/R+T 0.1 group，cell apoptosis rates，gene expressions of ICAM-1 and IL-6 and activity of NF-κB were reduced significantly in A/R+T 1 group（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Proper dose of T0901317（0.1，1 μmol/L） can activate LXRs and protect HUVECs from A/R injury. The mechanisms of T0901317 may associate with the inhibition of NF-κB activation and downregulation of ICAM-1 and IL-6 gene expression.

Abstract:Objective：To develop a fluorescent labeled multiplex amplification system which is consisted of 5 mini short tandem re－peat（miniSTR） loci（D1S1676，D2S441，D3S4529，D22S1045 and amelogenin） and to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 200 unre－lated Han people in Chongqing. Methods：Primer of D1S1676 was labeled with 5’TAMRA，D2S441 and D3S4529 were labeled with 5’6-FAM，D22S1045 was labeled with 5’HEX and amelogenin was labeled with 5’TET and the multiplex amplification system was established. Data were collected by the 3130 gene analyzer，the length of the amplification fragments was calculated and the genotyp－ing was made using Gene Mapper v3.2.1 software. Results：Every locus of the 5 fluorescent labeled miniSTR multiplex amplification systems can be genotyped clearly. The data of genotyping showed that 9，9，8，9，2 alleles and 103 genotypes were obtained from blood sample of 200 unrelated Han people in Chongqing and the distribution of the genotypes was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosis（Ho） and the polymorphism information content（PIC） of the 5 loci in Chongqing Han population were 0.710，0.765，0.730，0.710 and 0.660 041，0.798 329，0.753 177，0.797 888，respectively. The cumulate exclusion probability of pater－nity（CPE） was 0.924 800 4 and the total probability of discrimination power（TPD） was 0.999 955 1. Conclusions：Each locus （D1S1676，D2S441，D3S4529，D22S1045，amelogenin） of the established 5 fluorescent labeled miniSTR multiplex amplification sys－tems can be genotyped accurately and clearly.The genetic data of the 5 loci from Chongqing Han population can be used as basis ma－terials for the study of population genetics and forensic appliance.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate whether combined application of Genistein（Gen） and 5-fluorouracil（5-FU） exerts synergistic ef－fect on growth inhibition of human gastric carcinoma cells BGC-823 and their possible mechanisms in vitro. Methods：Human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 was exposed to Gen and 5-FU exclusively or in combination at different concentrations for 24，48 h and 72 h. 3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay was employed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Gen and 5-FU，exclusively or in combination on BGC-823 cells. Furthermore，method of median-effect principle was utilized to quantitatively analyze the dose-effect relationship of the combined effects of Gen and 5-FU. Then，BGC-823 cells were exposed to Gen and 5-FU，exclusively or in combination for 72 h，the ultramicrostructure changes of cancer cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and the distribution of cell cycles was detected by flow cytometry（FCM）. Results：Combined or exclusive application of Gen and 5-FU exerted significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of BGC-823 cells in both time and dose depen－dent manner. When inhibition rate（IR） exceeding 50%，combined application of Gen and 5-FU displayed synergistic effect on growth inhibition of BGC-823 cell line. Being exposed to 6.06 mg/L Gen，1.23 mg/L 5-FU and 0.81 mg/L Gen combined with 1.01 mg/L 5-FU for 72 h，95.74% BGC-823 cells were arrested at G2/M phases，58.26% and 41.59% BGC-823 cells were arrested at G0/G1 and S phases and 67.99% BGC-823 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phases，respectively. Gen and 5-FU，used exclusively or in combination，could induce apoptosis and arrest cell cycle of BGC-823 cells. Conclusions：Combined or exclusive application of Gen and 5-FU can suppress the proliferation of BGC-823 cells in vitro. Through arresting cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis，combined application of Gen and 5-FU can inhibit the growth of BGC-823 cells. Combined application of Gen and 5-FU exerts synergistic effect on growth of human gastric carcinoma cells within certain range of concentration. The study provides evidences for the potential combined appli－cation of Gen and 5-FU in the treatment of human gastric cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the efficacy of middle dose of recombinant human growth hormone（rhGH） for children with idiopath－ic short stature（ISS）. Methods：Night-six ISS children（32 males and 64 females） were treated with middle dose of rhGH[0.35-0.42 mg/（kg·week）] before night sleeping for 1，２，3 years. Changes in height，growth velocity，mean height standard deviation score（ＨtS－DS），bone age，predicted adult height and side effect after treatment were measured every 6 months. Results：（1）During the three years’ treatment，the mean growth velocity increased from 4.46（4.07-4.68） cm/year to 11.00（9.25-12.5） cm/year，8.10（7.00-9.50） cm/year and 7.40（5.63－8.00） cm/year；mean HtSDS increased form -2.48[（-2.83）-（-2.25）] to -1.5[（-1.93）-（-1.17）]，-1.00[（-1.69）-（-0.58）] and -0.52[（-1.86）-（-0.13）];predicted adult height increased form 149.20（145.10-155.30） cm to 155.90（150.30－162.70） cm，159.00（154.00－162.70） cm and 160.05（153.18-166.80） cm（P<0.05）. （2）The growth velocity of ISS was significantly better at Tanner stage Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ than at stage Ⅳ. （3）Changes in bone age were 1.10（0.80-1.30） years，1.10（0.83-1.20） years and 1.10（0.98-1.30） years（P >0.05）. During the treatment，a few had temporary blood sugar rises，no obvious side effects was observed except mild reaction in the injection site. Conclusions：The therapy with middle dose of rhGH for ISS children is effective in im－proving growth and increasing predicted adult height without affecting growth potential and side effect.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the pathlines and angles related to lower cervical spine anterior pedicle screw（APS） fixation in adults so as to provide anatomical parameters in clinics. Methods：A total of 22 cervical spine（C3-C7） specimens of human adult cadavers were individually measured by hand and CT scan to determine the height and width of the narrowest part in pedicle，thickness of inner and outer cortexes，pedicle axis length and included angle of axes followed by statistical methods. One hundred pieces of CT images from CT database were randomly selected，then three-dimensional model reconstruction was performed by Mimics software，relative parameters of screw insertion point were measured and 95% confidence interval of screw insertion parameters was also calcu－lated. Results：No significant difference of pathlines and angles measurements of 22 specimens was found between manual work group and CT scan group. Based on the calculation of measurements of adult lower cervical spines in CT images with 95% confidence inter－val，the insertion points for C3 and C4 was 2-3 mm opposite from operated pedicle in centrum median plane and 6-7 mm from upper end-plate of centrum plane，the outside inclined angle of screw insertion was 46°- 48°. Cranially inclined angles for C3 and C4 were -11°--12° and -6°--7° respectively. The insertion point for C5 was 1-2 mm beside operated pedicle in centrum median plane and 7-8 mm from upper end-plate of centrum plane，the outside and cranially inclined angles of screw insertion were 47°- 49° and 1°-2° respectively. The insertion points for C6 and C7 were at the same side with operated pedicle，4-5 mm beside centrum median plane and 7.5-8.5 mm from upper end-plate of centrum plane. The outside inclined angles of screw insertion for C6 and C7 were 40°- 42° and 36°-38° respectively，cranially inclined angles were 6°-7° and 11°-13°. For insertion screws，the length should be 30 mm，32 mm or 34 mm and the diameter should be 3.5 mm or 4.0 mm. Conclusions：This study confirms the accuracy of CT scan in the measurement of lower cervical spine and APS fixation related parameters and makes an exploration in technical range of parameters for the first time in the country using a large sample.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive occlusion via thorax in the treatment of atrial septal defect （ASD）. Methods：Clinical data of 63 patients with ASD were analyzed. The age of the patients was （32.47±17.66） years old and the maximum diameter of ASD was （26.22±9.75） mm. Heart function grading according to New York Heart Association（NYHA）：23 patients in class Ⅰ， 32 patients in classⅡ， 8 patients in class Ⅲ. There were 9 patients with severe pulmonary hypertention. All pa－tients were under general anaesthesia and a small incision was made in the 4th intercostal of the right sternum. The occluder was re－leased using monotubed unit，with the help of normal transchest echocardiography. Results：The procedure was successfully completed in 61 patients.The diameter of the occluder was （33.88±10.51） mm，（7.97±2.27） mm larger than the maximum diameter of ASD. The patients were discharged at （6.09±2.58） d postoperatively. No atrial shut or embolism was found within 3-51 months after the operation.The heart function was improved in all patients. One patient was converted to surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass and one patient discontinued the operation due to the failure in the occlusion. Conclusion：ASD occlusion via thorax is minimally invasive and safe.

Abstract:Objective：To study the relationship between the level of cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine（HCY） and the cognitive dys－function among patients with Parkinson’s disease（PD）. Methods：The basic information，disease situation and cognitive function of pa－tients with PD were investigated and lumbar puncture was performed to extract cerebrospinal fluid. The levels of cerebrospinal fluid HCY were determined by high performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detection method. The correlation be－tween cerebrospinal fluid HCY levels and the cognitive function was assessed. Results：The scores of the mini mental state examina－tion（MMSE），montreal cognitive assessment（MoCA），rey auditory verbal learning test（RAVLT），symbol digit modalities test（SDMT） and the wechsler intelligence scale-block design（BD） all showed significant correlations with cerebrospinal fluid HCY in patients with PD after eliminating the bias of age，depression，course of disease，scores of unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale and Levodopa dosage. Conclusions：The elevated cerebrospinal fluid HCY level is significantly correlated with the cognitive dysfunction. The in－crease of cerebrospinal fluid HCY maybe one of the main important risk factors of PD patients’ cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the changes in platelet（PLT） count，mean platelet volume（MPV） and platelet distribution width （PDW） in patients with severe burn and to explore their influencing factors. Methods：Changes of PLT count，MPV，and PDW were de－termined in 65 patients with severe burn. The relationship between these parameters and degree of burn was analyzed by single-factor analysis. The possible inducing factors of PLT count changes（total burned area，Ⅲ degree burn area，acceptance of component trans－fusion，cutting the scab area，using growth hormone，etc） were detected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factor causing PLT count back to normal. Results：①The value of PLT count measured at 24 h after the burn was much higher in healthy control group than in the other two groups（P<0.05） while the values of MPV and PDW were much lower in healthy control group than in the other two groups（P<0.05）. There were significant differences in PLT count，MPV，and PDW between severe burn group and moderate burn group（P<0.05）. ②The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that total burned area and intravenous drip of Ulinastatin were factors that cause PLT count back to normal after the treatment. Conclusions：There are obvious changes in the values of PLT count，PDW，and MPV of patients with severe burn at 24 h post burn. Positive and effective treatment can reverse the condition.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effects of aging on the proximal femur geometry and their clinical significances. Methods：Totally 255 women over the age of 50 were divided into three groups by age：group A（n=156，aged under 65 years old），group B（n=55，aged between 66 and 75 years old），and group C（n=44，aged over 75 years old）. There were 191 women in non-fracture group and 64 women in fracture group. The patients’radiographs of the pelvis were used to measure the geometric parameters of the proximal femur. Results：（1）There was no significant statistical difference in the femoral neck axis length（FNAL） among group A，B and C. （2）There were significant statistical differences in the femoral neck width（FNW） between group A and C. （3）~（4）There were significant sta－tistical differences in femoral medullary cavity width（FMCW） and cortical thickness of femoral neck（FNCT） between group A，B and A，C. （5）There were statistical differences in the ratios of FNCT/FNW and FNW/FNL between group A，B and A，C. （6）There were significant statistical differences in age，FNAL，FNW，FMCW，FNCT，the ratios of FNCT/FNW and FNW/FNL between non-fracture group and fracture group. （7）There was no statistic difference in femoral neck-shaft angle（NSA） among group A，B and C and be－tween non-fracture group and fracture group. Conclusion：The risk of hip fracture is increased with aging due to thinning of cortiex and expansion of medullary cavity of the proximal femur.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effect of Glutaimne（Gln） on gastrointestinal tract reactions in patients with advanced gastric can－cer who undergo concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods：Totally 47 patients with locally advanced inoperable gastric cancer or local recurrence after radical resection were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The trentment group were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with XELOX（Oxaliplatin + Capecitabine） regimen，and oral Gln（tid） at the same time until the end of treatment. The control group only received the same concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Short-term efficacy，life quality and side effects were observed during treatment. Results：Completion rates in treatment group and control group were 87.5% and 60.9%（P=0.03），respectively. Incidences of oral mucositis，nausea/vomiting，abdominal pain/diarrhea and other gastrointestinal re－actions in treatment group were lower than those in control group（P<0.05 ），while life quality was higher in treatment group than in control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference（P >0.05） in complete response（CR），partial response（PR） and response rate（RR） between the two groups. Conclusions：Application of Gln in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with gastric cancer can reduce chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects，improve compliance and life quality of patients.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of enteral nutrition（EN） agent of Ensure Nutrison on nutrition indicators for elderly patients with nasal feeding. Methods：Totally 41 hospitalized elderly patients in department of geriatrics in the First Affiliated Hospi－tal of Chongqing Medical University from February 2011 to December 2011 were enrolled. The self-made enteral nutrition（SMEN） was applied for 30 d through nasogastric tube and Ensure Nutrison was applied for 30 d to ensure the targeted caloric of 104.6 kJ[25 kcal/（kg·d）] .Hemoglobin（HGB），total lymphocyte count（TLC），serum total protein（TP），serum albumin（ALB），pre-albumin（PA），serum creatinine（Cr），blood urea nitrogen（BUN） and calculated nitrogen balance（NB） were detected；the waist and hip circumfer－ences and mid-arm circumference（MAC），triceps skin-fold thickness（TSF） were measured and mid-arm muscle circumference（MAMC） was calculated before SMEN nasal feeding，at 15 d，30 d after SMEN nasal feeding and at 15 d，30 d after Ensure Nutrison nasal feeding. Results：At 30 d after SMEN nasal feeding，the levels of TLC，ALB and PA were significantly lowered compared with those before SMEN nasal feeding（P<0.05），but there was no significant difference among other nutrition indicators. At 15 d after En－sure Nutrison nasal feeding，the levels of PA，ALB，HBG and Cr were significantly higher compared with those before Ensure Nutrison nasal feeding（P<0.05）. At 30 d after Ensure Nutrison nasal feeding，the levels of HGB，ALB，TP，PA，TLC，Cr，NB，waist and hip cir－cumferences，levels of MAC and TSF in females were obviously increased compared with those before Ensure Nutrison nasal feeding，but no difference in levels of MAC and TSF was observed in males. There was no obvious increase in gastrointenstional reaction and electrolytes disturbance incidence and the blood glucose was basically normal before and after Ensure Nutrison nasal feeding. Conclusions：Enteral nutrition agent of Ensure Nutrison can improve multiple nutrition indicators of elderly patients with nasal feed－ing without increasing gastrointestinal reactions and electrolyte disorders.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the influence of Supremes laryngeal mask airway（SLMA） and tube intubation on total hip replace－ment for older patients under general anesthesia. Methods：Fifty elderly patients of Ⅰ-Ⅱbased on the grading of American Standards Association（ASA） were received selective radical total hip replacement under general anesthesia and were randomly allocated into two groups：laryngeal mask group（group L，n=25） and tube intubation group（group T，n=25）. Inducting and maintaining methods of general anesthesia were the same and radial puncture was made to monitor continuous systolic blood pressure（SBP），diastolic blood pressure（DBP） and heart rate（HR）. Values of SBP，DBP and HR of two groups were recorded before induction（T0，basic val－ues） and during tracheal intubation（LMA）（T1）and 5 min after tracheal intubation（LMA）（T2） and 15 min after tracheal intubation（LMA）（T3）. At the same time in the above the corresponding points，venous blood was extracted. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine（E） and norepinephrine（NE） were detected using reversed phase ion pair chromatography-electrochemical measurements and con－tent of blood serum cortisol（COR） was determined by radio-immunoassay. Results：There was no significant difference in sex，age and body quality between the two groups（P >0.05）. SBP，DBP and HR were increased significantly during T1 and T2 in group T（P<0.05） with each value significantly higher than those in group L（P<0.05）. There was no significant change in values of SBP，DBP and HR in group L after placing SLMA（P >0.05）. Values of SBP，DBP and HR at T3 were the same as those at T0 in the two groups（P >0.05）. Concentrations of E and NE were increased significantly at T1，T2 than at T0 in group T（P<0.05），higher than those in group L at the corresponding periods（P<0.05）. Levels of COR were higher at T1，T2 and T3 in group T than at T0 and in group L（P<0.01）. Conclu－sions：SLMA can effectively relieve the stress response of elderly patients with general anesthesia in total hip replacement，obviously better than the endotracheal tube.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the influences of imaging parameters on image quality and radiation dose in multi-slice CT with au－tomatic tube current modulation（ATCM）. Methods：An equivalent anthropomorphic phantom was scanned using a 16-slice multi-slice spiral CT with ATCM. ATCM was studied with variable positioned image acquisition parameters（tube angle，tube current，tube volt－age） and spiral scan acquisition parameters[noise index（NI），pitch，detector collimation configuration and tube voltage]. Changes in tube turlent，volume CT dose index（CTDIvol） and image noise resulting from the modulation were calculated and compared. Results：Value of CTDIvol from the position angle of 90° was 28.45% higher than that from the position angle of 0°. Value of CTDIvol was de－creased when tube current and tube voltage were increased for positioned image. Image noise was increased and value of CTDIvol was decreased alongside the growth of the NI. Image noise was remained in constant in spite of changes of pitch，detector collimation or tube voltage. Value of CTDIvol came to the peak at pitch of 0.938. Value of CTDIvol was increased by 6.44% when pitch changed from 0.562 to 0.938 and was decreased respectively by 11.67% and 23.05% when pitch changed from 0.938 to 1.375 and 1.75. Wider and thicker detector collimation configuration had higher X-ray dose utilization ratio and lower radiation dose. Value of CTDIvol was decreased when the tube voltage was increased. Conclusions：Positioned image acquisition parameters must be standardized to ensure that ATCM technique can exert effects normally. Imaging parameters should be selected rationally to guarantee that ATCM technique can control the image quality well and reduce the radiation dose.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a high-throughput method which can rapidly detect Lamivudine-resistant mutation against hepati－tis B virus（HBV） to guide clinical medication. Methods：Serum samples of 150 patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB），whose quan－titative HBV DNA results were positive（copy number ≥103），were determined by pyrosequencing for detecting Lamivudine-resistantly mutational site via PyroMark ID genetic analysis systems. In order to prepare single-stranded template of pyrosequencing，samples were amplified by nested PCR and were separated by magnetic bead and amplification primer of the polymerase in P region was designed. Results：HBV P region products were attainted by amplified PCR and mutation frequencies of pyrosequencing were characterized by high sensitivity，specificity，stability and were in correlation with Lamivudine-treatment time. With the increase of Lamivudine treatment time，mutation frequencies and drug resistance were increased. Conclusions：High-throughput pyrosequencing may meet the needs of clinical drug testing and design of treatment protocols，which can detect Lamivudine-resistant mutation of HBV in patients treated with Lamivudine．

Abstract:Objective：To apply the grey model（GM） in predicting the incidences of lung cancer in Zigong city and to explore the applicable predictive method with fluctuant data. Methods：The conventional GM（1，1），dynamic GM（1，1） and metabolic GM（1，1） were established respectively based on the incidences of lung cancer in Zigong city from 1985 to 2009. The most applicable mortality forecasting model was applied to do the predication. Results：The results of the prediction showed that the predictive precision of the conventional GM（1，1） was the second grade and those of the metabolic GM（1，1） and dynamic GM（1，1） were the first grade. The relative error of the predictive value in three models was 26.00%，5.07% and 4.06%. The metabolic GM（1，1） was applied to predict the mortality rate of lung cancer from 2011 to 2014 in Zigong city and the results were 81.31/100 000，95.88/100 000，113.06/100 000 and 133.32/100 000 respectively. Conclusion: The data of mortality in Zigong city is fluctuant，therefore，metabolic GM（1，1） is an applicable predicting method.