Abstract:To study the effect of seizure-like activity and pCREB on the neurons in cultured hippocampal slices in vitro. Methods: Hippocampal slice cultured for 11 days were randomly divided into 3 groups:(1)control group:cultured hippocampal slices were exposed to regular media to 14 d.(2)seizure like activity model group:cultured hippocampal slices were exposed to regular media to 14 d,then returned to regular media with pilocarpine(final concentration:5 mmol/L) for another 1 h.(3)anti-pCREB antibody treated group:cultured hippocampal slices were pre-cultured with regular media with anti-pCREB antibody (final concentration: 5 μg/ml) to 14 d，then returned to regular media with pilocarpine (final concentration:5 mmol/L) for another 1 h.The apoptosis neurons of cultured hippocampal slices was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick end-labeling（TUNEL）staining in situ.Expression of pCREB protein in the neurons of cultured hippocampal slices was detected by immunocytochemistry. Results: (1)Seizure-like activity model group:the number of apoptotic neurons in CA1 of cultured hippocampal slices was（95.44±14.30） significantly increased compared with that of （41.30±9.30） in the control group(P<0.05).The expressions of pCREB in neurons in CA1 of cultured hippocampal slices were（201.36±19.31）,remarkably up-regulated compared with those of （75.12±13.71）in the control group(P<0.05).(2)Anti-pCREB antibody treated group:the number with of apoptotic of neurons in CA1 of cultured hippocampal slices was (140.88±18.32) significantly increased compared with that in the seizure like activity model group (P<0.05).The expressions of pCREB were （172.60±17.68） remarkably up-regulated compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: (1)Seizure-like activity can induce neuronal apoptosis and aggravate neuronal injury in cultured hippocampal slices.(2)Seizure-like activity can up-regulate the level of CREB phosphorylation to cultured hippocampal slice,and blocking CREB phosphorylation may lead to neuronal cell apoptosis accentuation.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of silencing PARG on the proliferation and differentiation of tumor local B220+DEC205+DC and its role in colon carcinoma metastasis. Methods：Experiment group was established by transfecting lentivirus Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase short hairpin RNA (PARG-shRNA) into mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cells and control group by enrolling CT26 cells without any treatment and CT26 cells with empty vector.Liver metastasis model of colon carcinoma was established by splenic subcapsular inoculation.The expressions of PARG,PARP and NF-κB proteins in splenic carcinoma were detected by Western blot and those of B220+DEC205+DC in the spleen by immunofluorescence double labeling assay.The levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results：The size of splenic carcinoma and the number of metastatic liver nodules in experiment group were smaller and lower than those in control group (P<0.05).The expressions of PARG,PARP and NF-κB in splenic carcinoma were reduced obviously in experiment group compared with those in control group (P<0.05).The number of B220+DEC205+DC in the spleen was significantly fewer in experiment group than those in control group (P<0.05) and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the serum were significantly decreased in experiment group than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion：These studies demonstrate that silencing PARG could suppress the metastasis of CT26 cells to the liver,which is possibly related with the processes of down regulating of both PARP and NF-κB as well as decreasing IL-10 and TGF-β and finally affecting the proliferation and differentiation of local B220+DEC205+DC.

Abstract:Objective:To prepare LHRHa-Paclitaxel liposomes and to observe its inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer A2780/DDP cells in vitro. Methods:Paclitaxel-liposomes(PTX-Lipo) and LHRHa-Paclitaxel liposomes (LHRHa-PTX-Lipo) were prepared by means of film ultrasound and their morphology was examined with transmission electron microscope.The encapsulation rates of PTX-Lipo and LHRHa-PTX-Lipo were quantified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The cellular intake of NBD-Lipo and LHRHa-NBD-Lipo was embodied through detecting the intake of NBD fluorescein by ovarian cancer A2780/DDP cells with laser confocal microscope.The inhibitory effect of LHRHa-PTX-Lipo on ovarian cancer cells in vitro was measured by MTT assay and colony forming assay.Results:The mean diameter of LHRHa-PTX-Lipo particles was 123.4 nm with encapsulation rate being above 90%.The fluorescein intake of A2780/DDP cells was higher in NBD-LHRHa-Lipo group compared with that in NBD-Lipo group.The inhibitory effect of LHRHa-PTX-Lipo on the growth and clone formation of A2780/DDP cell was much more intense than that of PTX and PTX-Lipo(P<0.05).Conclusion:LHRHa-PTX-Lipo prepared by means of film ultrasound could aggregate drugs at targeted site thus increase the inhibitory effect of drugs on ovarian cancer cells in vitro.

Abstract:Objective:To construct the eukaryotic co expression plasmid encoding TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL)gene and interleukin 24(IL-24)gene and to study its inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cell lines.Methods:IL-24 gene was inserted into the expression vector of pBud-TRAIL to obtain co-expression plasmid pBud-TRAIL-IL-24 by molecular cloning technology.The constructed co-expression plasmid was identified by restriction endoenzyme digestion and nucleotides sequencing.The recombinant plasmid of pBud-TRAIL-IL-24 was transfected into HeLa cells.The expressions of TRAIL and IL-24 were detected by fluorescence microscopy and immunofluorescence double labeling staining.The proliferation of cervical cancer cells was assessed by MTT assay．Results:The eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pBud-TRAIL-IL-24 could be successfully constructed and be efficiently co-expressed in HeLa cells.The recombinant plasmid significantly inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:The plasmid pBud-TRAIL-IL-24 can be successfully constructed and efficiently co-expressed in HeLa cells,and it can effectively inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells,which lays the foundation for further study of the joint application of TRAIL and IL-24 in cervical cancer gene therapy.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effects of combined and exclusive application of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Paclitaxel on the morphology,activity,apoptosis and possible signal pathway of human lung cancer cell line A549.Methods:EGCG and Paclitaxel with different concentrations were applied to human lung cancer cell line A549 exclusively and in combination at different periods.The cell activity was examined by cell colony formation assay,cell proliferation by WST-1 assay,cell apoptosis by Heochst-33342 test,apoptosis rate by flow cytometry and expressions of GRP78 by western blot.Results:Both EGCG and Paclitaxel can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cell line A549.The inhibiting effect was more obvious if the two drugs were used in combination (P<0.05).Both EGCG and Paclitaxel can induce the apoptosis of lung cancer cell line A549.The inducing effect was more obvious if the two drugs were used in combination.The results of western blot indicated that the two drugs may exert the effects through endoplasmic reticulum stress signal pathways.Conclusion:Both EGCG and Paclitaxel can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells,more obvious effects can be achieved if the two drugs are used in combination.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of FAS receptor on idiosyncratic T cell subsets,including TCRαβ+cells,CD4-CD8-cells and TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells,and to discuss the relationship between FAS-mediated apoptosis and peripheral TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Totally 24 RA patients and 24 normal controls were included.Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of T cell subsets and the expression of FAS receptor.The relationships between the percentages of T cell subsets and the expression of FAS receptor with RF,WBC,CRP and ESR were analyzed respectively by spearman relativity analysis.Results:The percentages of peripheral TCRαβ+ cells and CD4-CD8-cells from RA patients were similar to those in normal controls (P>0.05).Strikingly higher levels of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells in the peripheral blood of RA patients were detected compared with those in normal controls (0.82±0.38 vs.0.57±0.26, P=0.013).The expressions of FAS receptor on TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells were significantly increased in RA patients compared with those in normal controls (1.23±0.69 vs.0.80±0.45,P=0.016).Positively relationship was found between TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells and TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-FAS+ cells(r=0.809,P=0.000).There was no significant relationship between the percentages of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-Tcells,the level of FAS receptor expression and RF,WBC,CRP or ESR,respectively.TCRαβ+ cells as well as CD4-CD8- cells had no significant association with RF,WBC,CRP and ESR,respectively.Conclusion: The preliminary results suggest that the significantly upregulated percentages of DNT cells and its FAS receptor expression may increase the sensitivity to FAS-mediated apoptosis.It may lead to the imbalance of immune respective T cells in RA patients.There is no significant relationship between the percentages of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells,FAS receptor and the indicators of disease activity,though the percentages of them are markedly increased in the Chinese RA patients.The role of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-T cells in the pathogenesy of RA patients remains to be further studied.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of Angelica polysaccharide(APS) on the cell apoptosis and oxidative damage in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) of ionizing radiation injured mice so as to illuminate the protective effects of APS against radioactive injured haematogenesis.Methods:Linear accelerator irradiated C57BL/6 mice with 4.0 Gy X ray one time were used to establish animal radiation injured models.Then the mice were given different dosages of APS or normal saline(NS) for 7 days continuously by intraperitoneal injection.These mice were killed and BMNC was extracted after 1,3,and 7 days of injection.The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry and the expression of P53 was detected by immunocytochemistry.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of Maleic Dialdehyde(MDA) were detected by the method of colorimetric assay.Results:Compared with those in the normal group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase,apoptosis rate,the content of MDA and the expression of P53 were increased significantly,while the activity of SOD was obviously decreased in NS group; in both 2 mg/kg APS group and 8 mgkg APS group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase,apoptosis rate,the content of MDA and the expression of P53 were decreased,while the activity of SOD was increased.Conclusion: APS can inhibit cell apoptosis caused by radiation and plays an important role in resisting oxidative damage.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the level of plasma adiponectin (APN) in patients with wet age related macular degeneration (wet AMD) as well as the expression levels of the APN receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Methods:Fifteen patients with an average age of (69.07±6.71) year-old (excluding patients with diabetes mellitus,hypertension,hyperlipidaemia,nephropathy,coronary heart disease,heart failure and renal failure) were enrolled as the case group while 15 healthy subjects with an average age of (64.2±7.46) year-old were enrolled as the control group.The level of plasma APN was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the expression levels of APN receptors in PBMC were examined by real time quantitative PCR.The correlations between plasma APN and clinical indicators,the expression levels of APN receptors,homeostasis model assessment indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation.Results:APN concentrations in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group ［(1.18±0.65) μg/ml vs.(2.00±0.63) μg /ml,P=0.002］.Blood glucose was significantly higher in the case group compared with those in the control group［(5.42±0.64)mmol/L vs.(4.79±0.39) mmol/L,P=0.003］.However,there was no significant difference in mRNA levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in PBMC between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Plasma APN concentration is lower in patients with wet AMD,indicating that APN-related insulin resistance may be involved in the pathologic neovascularization of wet AMD.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of Propofol on long term neuroethology of neonatal rats and its mechanism.Methods:Totally 72 seven-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into group C,group P1 and group P2 (n=24).The rats in group C and group P1 were injected intraperitoneally with 7.5 ml/kg normal saline q.d for consecutive six days and on 7th/ d,the rats in group C were injected with 7.5 ml/kg normal saline while those in group P1 were injected with 75 mg/kg Propofol.The rats in group P2 were received 75 mg/kg Propofol q.d for consecutive seven days. On 7th d,the artery blood gas and glucose were tested for three rats randomly chosen in each group at 15 min after the intraperitoneal injection .On 30th,90th and 180th,seven rats randomly chosen in each group were examed by Morris water maze and open-field test.The hippocampal CAI region was decapitated in rats,the apoptosis rates of the neurons were measured by flow cytomery and the morphologic changes of the pyramidal cells were assessed quantitatively by stereology method.Results:The learning,memorizing and exploring function on 30th were declined significantly and the neuron apoptosis rates in CAI region were increased markedly in group P2 compared with those in group C and group P1(P<0.05).The volume density (Vv) and surface area density (Sv) in hippocampal CAI region in group P1 and P2 were declined with various degrees compared with those in group C (P<0.05),with more obvious decline in group P2.On 90th and 180th/d,there was no difference in each item among three groups.Conclusion:Multiple propofol injections may impair long term neuroethology of neonatal rats,which may associated with increased neuron apoptosis and morphologic change of pyramidal cells.

Abstract:Objective:To optimize the method of genome extraction and to establish an effective,convenient and fast research platform which could identify and screen the transgenic mice on a large scale.Methods:The Genomic DNA was extracted by using the ethanol method.Results:The results of spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis revealed that the concentration,purity and quality of the genomic DNA extracted through the ethanol method had no obvious difference compared with that extracted through the classical phenolchloroform method.The genomic DNA obtained by the two extraction protocols could both be digested completely and able to identify the knock-in mice by PCR amplification.Both the templates were well used in gene sequencing and Real-time PCR to detect the exogenous gene and the relative copy numbers. Conclusion:The DNA extracted through the ethanol method was superior in quality and had stable and reliable test results in transgenic mice identifying,digestion,gene sequencing and Real-time PCR amplification.

Abstract:Objective:To find a simple and effective way of preserving bone mononuclear cells at short-term.Methods:Bone mononuclear cells from mice were isolated by density gradient centrifugation.DMEM culture solution was employed as the nutrient solution and bone mononuclear cells were preserved in the refrigerator at the temperature of 4℃.The form,recovery rate,viability and cycle of bone mononuclear cells were observed and detected optionally from the time of being preserved to 60 h after the preservation.Results:The living cell rate was over 80% and the cell recovery rate was over 70% after being preserved in the refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃ for two days.Furthermore,the cell cycle was similar to that of control group (P>0.05).Conclusion:Refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃ can safely preserve bone mononuclear cells within two days,which offers a simple and effective way of preserving.

Abstract:Objective: To determine whether CT Scan can be applied in diagnosing the presence or severity of anemia.Methods:Totally 111 patients were underwent GE LightSpeed 64 layer spiral CT.The correlation between the CT value in the left ventricular(LV) cavity,right ventricular(RV) cavity,interventricular septum and arotic lumens and the blood hemoglobin level was analyzed. The relationship among aortic ring sign,interventricular septum high,intensity sign and anemia was identified.Results：Positive correlation was observed between the aortic CT attenuation values and the hemoglobin levels in the whole study population(P＜0.05).The ratio of the interventricular septum high density sign in the anemia group was much higher than that in the control group(50%vs.6%,P＜0.05). The ratio of the aortic ring sign in the anemia group was much higher than that in the control group(36.4%vs.6%,P<0.05).Conclusion:Using unenhanced thoracic CT scans to evaluate the anemia is available.The sign of decreased ventricle and aortic lumens density,aortic ring sign and interventricular septum high density are helpful in roughly judging the presence or absence of anemia and determining the hemoglobin level.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the value of double balloon endoscopy in the diagnosis of small intestinal tumors.Methods: Totally 253 patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms from December 2004 to December 2009 were examined by double-balloon endoscopy.Results:Eighty-two (32.41%) cases were diagnosed as small intestinal tumor,most of which suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding,abdominal bloating and pain,fewer experienced the symptoms of chronic diarrhea,vomiting and incomplete obstruction.Of the 82 cases,there were 44 cases of stromal tumors with 29 cases being malignant,12 cases of vascular tumor,8 cases of tubular adenoma,5 cases of smooth muscle tumors,5 cases of B cell lymphoma,3 cases of leiomyosarcoma; 2 cases of fat tumor and metastatic mucinous carcinoma respectively and 1 case of melanoma.Re examination of the entire small intestine was performed on some cases during the surgery,four of which were found to have multiple lesions,accounting for 6.66%.Conclusion:Double balloon endoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy for small intestinal tumors.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of different temperatures on the regeneration of allogeneic nerves of rats preserved in UW solution with Tetramethylpyrazine(TMP).Methods:Totally 60 Wistar rats (male,weighing 200～250 g) were divided into five groups randomly (groups A,B,C,D and E,n=12).The sciatic nerve trunks of 18 SD rats (male,weighing 200～250 g) were incised at about 15 mm and were preserved in UW solution with TMP at different temperatures (group A:4 ℃,group B:-20 ℃,group C:-80 ℃) for fours weeks to repair the sciatic nerve defect of SD rats.Group D was allogeneic nerve graft group and Group E was autologous nerve graft group.General observation was performed at 4,8,12 weeks postoperatively while electrophysiological check,light and electron microscope check were conducted at 12 weeks postoperatively.Results:The results of A、E groups in the electrophysiological test and gastrocnemius weight test were better than those of the other groups,however,statistical differences were observed between group A and E (P＜0.05).Group A and E displayed similar results in morphology at 12 weeks after the operation.Conclusion:The regeneration of allogeneic nerves preserved in UW solution with TMP at 4 ℃ can be improved.

Abstract:Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing from 1997 to 2011 in an aim to provide references for formulating control measures.Methods:The epidemic data of measles from 1997 to 2011 and the monitoring data of measles from 2005 to 2011 in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology.Results:The incidence of measles from 1997 to 2011 was ranged between 0.36/100 000 and 20.56/100 000 with an average incidence of 3.98/100 000.The months between April and July were the susceptible seasons for measles.Measles was mainly occurred under the age of 15,accounting for 76.99%.The monitoring data revealed that the age composition ratios within 8 months,from 8 months to 1 years old,from 1 years old to 2 year old and over 20 year old were 32.73%,21.39%,5.15% and 17.01% respectively.The cases who had no immunization history or whose immunization history was vague were accounted for 91.24%.Conclusion:Those within 8 months and those with older age were more susceptible to measles.Health education and the management work for migrant children should be enhanced,the vaccination work for femme in child bearing age should be developed,the vaccination work for those under the age of 15 and supplementary immunization activities for those over the age of 15 should be promoted apart from the routine immunization work in order to control and eliminate measles.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate HPV infection status of women in Chongqing in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the cervical cancer.Methods：The infection status of HPV in 2 497 outpatients of gynecology department was examined with gene chip technique in Chongqing Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital from May 2009 to November 2011.The infection status of various subtypes of HPV was compared and analyzed.Results：Among the 2 497 patients，432 patients were infected with HPV(17.30%)，and 274 patients were infected with HR-HPV(high risk HPV，10.97%).Out of the 23 subtypes of HPV，HPV-16 (32.18%，139/432)was the most common of all types，followed by subtypes HPV-43(18.75%，81/432)，HPV-58(15.05%，65/432)，HPV-52(13.19%，57/432)，HPV-6(8.56%，37/432)，and there was no HPV-44 or HPV-MM4.In the HPV positive patients，103(23.84%，103/432) patients were compound infected，of whom 82 (18.98%，82/432)patients were superinfected.The HPV positive rate in old women(≥50) was higher than that in the young crowd.Conclusion：It is important to detect and control HPV infection in order to prevent and treat cervical cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the risk factors for coronary heart disease in Chongqing area.Methods：A total of 1 834 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed as coronary heart disease（CHD）（n=1 169) or non-CHD（n=665）by coronary angiography between October 2008 and April 2011 were studied retrospectively.The percentage,level and ratio of each risk factor were analyzed and compared,the correlative factors of CHD were screened by multi-factor logistic regression analysis.Results：1.The percentages of male,family history of CHD,diabetes mellitus（DM）,hypertension,smoking,hyperuricemia and hyperfibrinogenemia were significantly higher in CHD group than those in non-CHD group（all P<0.01）.The levels of age,systolic blood pressure(SBP),pulse pressure(PP),hypertension duration,WBC count,apolipoprotein B（apoB）,serum creatinine（Scr）,blood urea nitrogen（BUN）,serum uric acid(SUA),plasma fibrinogen（FIB）,fasting capillary whole blood glucose,and 2-hour postprandial capillary blood glucose were significantly higher in CHD group than those in non-CHD group（all P<0.01）.The levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C) and apolipoprotein AI（apoAI）were significantly lower in CHD group compared with those in non-CHD group(all P<0.01).The ratios of TC/HDL-C,TG/HDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C,apoB/apoAI were significantly higher in CHD group than those in non CHD group（all P<0.01）.There were no significantly differences in obesity,diastolic blood pressure(DBP),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol（TC）,or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）between the two groups（P>0.05）.2.The multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that all the parameters of male,family history of CHD,DM,hypertension,smoking,hyperfibrinogenemia,age,WBC count and apoB were significantly positively correlated with CHD(β＝0.496,1.149,0.595,0.592,0.953,0.282,0.050,0.155 and 1.488,respectively，all P<0.01),and HDL-C was significantly negatively correlated with CHD（β＝－0.575,P<0.05).Conclusion:1.Male,family history of CHD,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,smoking,hyperfibrinogenemia,age,WBC count,and apoB are significantly positively correlated with CHD in Chongqing area; HDL-C is significantly negatively correlated with CHD.They play an important role in occurrence and progression of coronary heart disease.2.Reducing the level of apoB,increasing the level of HDL-C,controlling DM and hypertension and quitting smoking may be the effective measures to reduce the morbidity and to improve the prognosis of CHD in this area.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship of ages,genders and nationalities in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients infected with different hepatitis B virus,to compare the hepatic tissue damage degree,HBV-DNA load and the liver function change among patients with different genotype.Methods:Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument was used to test HBV-DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to test genotypes.Results:Among 94 patients with CHB,B genotype was accounted for 74.5% and C genotype for 25.5%.CHB patients HBV genotype had nothing to do with age and sex.The proportion of Zhuang nationality in C genotype was obviously higher than that in B genotype.The HBeAg positive rate of patients with C genotype was obviously lowered than that of patients with B genotype(P<0.05).The pathological damage degree of the hepatic tissue was correlated with B and C genotype.The proportion of C genotype in the hepatic tissue with serious inflammation and fibrosis was higher than that in B genotype(P<0.05) .The hepatic tissue damage degree was correlated with liver function indexes(P<0.05),but not HBV DNA levels. Conclusion:The HBV genotypes of enrolled CHB patients is B genotype and C genotype B genotype is mainly distributed among the population,followed by C genotype,other types or mixed types are not found yet.The patients with Han nationality is mainly B genotype and those with Zhuang nationality is primarily C genotype.Patients with C genotype have serious hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and are prone to induce servere liver damage and adverse prognosis such as liver cancer.

Abstract:Objective: To assess the impact of tranexamic acid on the hidden blood loss after unilateral total hip arthroplasty.Methods:Totally 40 patients who received unilateral total hip arthroplasty due to femoral neck fracture were randomly divided into two groups.Group A included 20 cases without tranexamic acid,in which the patients were just given 250 ml normal saline when the surgery started; Group B included 20 cases with tranexamic acid,and the patients in this group were given 20 mg/kg tranexamic acid with 250 ml normal saline when the surgery started.The total red blood cell loss,visible red blood cell loss and hidden red blood cell loss of the two groups were measured and the comparative analysis was conducted.Results:Results of the visible red blood losses in group A and group B were (95.43±17.72)ml and (48.84±15.04)ml,respectively; the hidden red blood loss in group A and group B were (322.37±57.69)ml and (169.89±58.50) ml,respectively.The visible and hidden red blood cell losses in group B were both significantly less than those in group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:Tranexamic acid reduces both the visible and hidden red blood loss after the unilateral total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the drug treatment and non-drug treatment for vasovagal syncope (VVS) with different influence factors.Methods:Totally 54 patients (30 females and 24 males) with VVS diagnosed by head-up tilt testing were randomly divided into non drug treatment group,β-blocker treatment group and placebo group based on the sex.The incidences of VVS at different periods of the treatment and for different sexes were analyzed during the 12 months’ follow-up.Results:The long-term efficacy of the drug treatment for VVS was not satisfactory,however that of the non-drug treatment is good,although not obvious at short-term.The drug treatment was effective for females while the non drug treatment was conducive to both sexes.Conclusion:The study reveals the effects of different treatments methods on the incidences of VVS in different sexes,which may propose new individualized treating programs for VVS in clinics and provide references for evidence based medicine.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of applying side-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis in esophagectomy with thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 52 patients underwent esophagectomy with thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for esophageal carcinoma and side-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis from March 2011 to September 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The side to side esophagogastric anastomosis was successfully performed in 52 patients.The operative time was 180 ~ 435 minutes with an average of 264 minutes and the average anastomosis time was 23 minutes.The intraoperative blood loss was 50~450 ml with an average of 120 ml.No case of postoperative death and short-term anastomotic stenosis was observed but four cases of anastomotic fistula were occurred postoperatively.Conclusion:The application of side-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis in esophagectomy with thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for esophageal carcinoma is a safe and feasibl.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the efficacy of interventional therapy in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children.Methods:Totally 63 patients with PDA in our hospital from November 2007 to December 2010 were treated by transcatheter closure.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed focusing on the measurement of arterial ducts,operation methods and therapeutic results.Results:There was no significant difference in the measurements between transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and aortography in typical PDA cases,but there were significant differences between small and large PDA cases.The devices were successfully implanted in 61 cases,among which coils were implanted in 7 cases and Amplatzer duct occluder in 54 cases.Conclusion:Transcatheter PDA occlusion is safe and effective.Success rate can be improved and complications can be avoided if due attention is paid to the individual condition and operational details.

Abstract:Objective:To?evaluate?the?effects?of?nosocomial?infection?on?the?prognosis?of?patients?with?acute?myocardial?infarction.Methods:Totally?100?patients?with?acute?myocardial?infarction?were?randomly?chosen?and?divided?into?the?infected?group?(n=48)?and?non infected?group?(n=52).All?patients?were?followed?up?for?one?year?and?were?evaluated?by?survival?analysis.Results:The?mortality?rate?in?the?infected?group?was?24%?while?that?in?the?non infected?group?was?16%,with?significant?differences?(P=0.001).Conclusion:The?risk?of?death?increases?in?acute?myocardial?infarction?patients?complicated?with?nosocomial?infection.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of continuous blood purification(CBP) for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) induced by urinary sepsis and to discuss its effect on cytokines.Methods:Totally 12 patients with MODS induced by urinary sepsis were treated by continuous venous-venous hemofiltration(CVVH).Vital signs,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system scores,white blood cell,oxygen partial pressure,liver and kidney functions and levels of cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-8 were measured and compared before and after the treatment.Results:The clinical indicators of patients with MODS were improved significantly after CVVH treatment compared with those before the treatment.The plasma concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1,IL-8 were decreased obviously compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion:CVVH can improve the clinical indicators of MODS induced by urinary sepsis,decrease the cytokines level and to some extent promote the patients’ prognosis.

Abstract:Objective:To discuss the risk factors of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after the operation in patients with portal hypertension.Methods：The clinical data of 153 cases of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with portal hypertension receiving disconnection from January 2006 to December 2010 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were divided into two groups according to formation of portal vein thrombosis.Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the risk factors such as age,sex,having hematemesis or not before the operation,operation time,intraoperative blood loss volume,diameter of the portal vein,blood flow speed of the portal vein,blood platelet count and prothrombin time.Results：The formation rate of PVT was 18.30%(28/153).The diameter of the portal vein was widened significantly,blood flow speed of the portal vein was descended obviously and blood platelet count was increased remarkably in the portal vein thrombosis group compared with those in the non portal vein thrombosis group (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the diameter of the portal vein and the postoperative blood flow speed of the portal vein were the independent risk factors of PVT after the operation.Conclusion：The widening of the protal vein diameter and the descending of the portal vein flow speed are the main causes of PVT after the operation of disconnection.