Abstract:【Abstract】MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs，single stranded in the mature form. microRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators that bind to complementary sequences on target mRNAs，usually resulting in translational repression or target degradation and gene si－lencing. Recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism have revealed that microRNAs play major roles in regulating cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. MiR-122，the most abundant microRNAs in the liver，is associated with cholesterol metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma. MiR-33 regulates cholesterol efflux，fatty acid β oxidation，and high-density lipoprotein metabolism. These findings show that microRNAs play an important role in lipid homeostasis and potentially open new avenues for the treatment of dyslipidemias.

Abstract:【Abstract】Objective：To investigate the effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor（ＰＥＤＦ） on lipid metabolism in HepG2 hepato－cytes. Methods：HepG2 hepatocytes were treated with recombinant human PEDF or PEDF antibody. The key enzymes of lipid metabolism were detected by real time quantitative PCR and Western blot；intracellular triglyceride（TG） content was determined by enzymatic method. Results：（1）PEDF decreased the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein1（SREBP1），fatty acid synthase（FAS），acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase1（ACC1） and HMG-coA reductases（HMGR） by 39%，38%，61%，32% respectively（P<0.05），while increased the mRNA level of adipose triglyceride lipase（ATGL） by 98%（P<0.05）. On the contrary，PEDF an－tibody increased the mRNA levels of SREBP1，FAS，ACC1，HMGR by 92%，56%，67%，42% respectively（P<0.05），and decreased the mRNA level of ATGL by 51%（P<0.05）. （2）Besides，PEDF decreased the protein levels of FAS，ACC1，HMGR by 58%，54%，43% respectively（P<0.05），and increased the protein level of ATGL by 20%（P<0.05）. While PEDF antibody increased the protein levels of FAS，ACC1，HMGR expression by 41%，39%，48% respectively（P<0.05），and decreased the protein level of ATGL by 40%（P<0.05）. （3）PEDF significantly reduced intracellular TG content[（410.40±13.43） mg/g vs. （234.70±35.70） mg/g，P<0.05]，but PEDF antibody treated group showed an increase tendency of TG content，however without significant difference[（410.40±13.43） mg/g vs. （440.32±25.67） mg/g，P=0.67]. Conclusion：In HepG2 hepatocytes，PEDF reduced the intracellular TG content by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis，and promoting lipolysis.

Abstract:【Abstract】Objective：To investigate whether high fat/high cholesterol diet（Paigen diet） could lead lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues of C57BL/6J mice. Methods：Sixty six C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into two groups and were treated with regu－lar diet and high fat/high cholesterol diet respectively. The pulmonary tissues were collected at the 12th，16th week and the 20th week after feeding respectively. The aortas atherosclerotic plaque and lipidosis in pulmonary tissues were determined by oil red O staining. A549 cells were cultured in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of low density lipoprotein（LDL） to observe the effect of cholesterol loading on alveolar lipid accumulation in vitro. Results：Aorta atherosclerosis plaques were observed in high fat/high cholesterol diet treated C57BL/6J mice. Oil red O staining of pulmonary tissues at different time points suggested that high fat/high cholesterol diet could lead to time-dependent lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues of C57BL/6J mice. Oil red O staining of A549 cells implied that there was a dose-effect relationship between the lipidosis and the concentrations of LDL. Conclusion：High fat/high cholesterol diet could lead to time-dependent lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues of C57BL/6J mice，which partly due to the disruption of lipid homeostasis in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the reno-protective effect of all-trans retinoic acid（ATRA） on adriamycin（ADR）-induced nephropathic mice. Methods：BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group，ADR-induced nephropathic group（model group）and ADR-induced nephropathy treated group（ATRA treatment group）. After ADR-induced nephropathy model was established in model and ATRA treatment group，intraperitoneal injection in normal and model group and ATRA treatment group was performed till the 10th week. Expression of Fas antigen and Fas ligand（FasL） was measured by immunohistochemistry and their mRNA expressions were detected by Real-time PCR. Results：Urinary protein excretion，serum total cholesterin（（TC），（3.09±0.89） mmol/L） and triglyc－eride（（TG），（1.33±0.29） mmol/L） were obviously increased in model group compared with those in normal group（all P<0.05）. TC and TG were （（1.27±0.31） mmol/L and （1.12±0.45） mmol/L） in ATRA treatment group，obviously increased compared with those in model group（all P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression levels of Fas antigen and FasL were （650.141 6±153.996 0） and （350.190 7±204.220 6） in model group，obviously higher than those in normal group，P<0.05. Expression levels of Fas antigen and FasL were decreased in ATRA treatment group，compared with those in model group，P<0.05. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression levels of Fas antigen and FasL in model group were （0.601 3±0.249 9） and （0.729 9±0.730 4），significant－ly high than those in ATRA treatment group（both P<0.05）. Conclusion：ATRA can protect kidney damage through decreasing the expression of Fas and FasL.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the change of cortical blood flow and the dynamic changes of serum total cholesterol（TC） and high density lipoprotein（HDL） in brains of aging rat during cerebral ischemic injury. Methods：The model of aging rats with cerebral hypoperfusion was successfully constructed by persistent bilateral common carotid artery ligation（2VO）. The cortical blood flow and the concentration of serum TC and HDL at different time points were determined and compared. Results：Compared with the sham-operated group，the temporal blood flow was significantly decreased in 14 d group. But the collateral vessels were gradually regenerated and formed in local brain，while the temporal blood flow was restored in 21 d and 28 d group. The concentration of HDL and TC was significantly higher in 14 d group than in the sham-operated group（P<0.05），and both of them were decreased with the extention of ischemia time. Conclusions：The serum TC and HDL concentration undergo dynamic changes-increasing first and then decreasing during the process of cerebral hypoperfusion，which suggests that aging rats of cerebral hypoperfusion have unbalanced metabolism and display stress regulatory phenomenon due to cerebral hypoperfusion.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of the tetrahydrobiopterin，which is known to be an important cofactor of nitric oxide synthase（NOS） and an antioxidant，on development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice and the underlying mechanism. Methods：Db/db mice were treated with phosphate buffer solution（PBS），low dosage tetrahydrobiopterin（BH4） [10 mg/（kg·d）] or high dosage BH4[50 mg/（kg·d）] for 8 weeks by gavages. C57 mice were used as normal control. Cardiac function was measured by inserting a Millar catheter into the left ventricle. Then，myocardial H2O2 level，malondialdehyde（MDA） level and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity were detected in every group. Results：The cardiac function in diabetic group was significantly suppressed compared with that in normal control group. Meanwhile，compared with those in normal control group，H2O2 and MDA in diabetic group were both increased. However，no difference was observed in SOD activity between normal control group and diabetic group. After treatment of BH4，the cardiac function was improved in both low dosage and high dosage BH4 groups than in diabetic group. In addition，treatment with BH4 attenuated the H2O2 and MDA levels and increased the SOD activity. Conclusion：The data suggest that BH4 can significantly improve cardiac function of db/db diabetic mice，attenuate the oxidative stress and improve antioxidant capacity.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of acetylation of histone H3 on the regulation of heart development-related transcription factor insulin gene enhancer protein 1（Islet-1）. Methods：Cardiac progenitor cells were cultured in vitro and were treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid（SAHA） at concentration of 0.5，1.0，2.0，4.0 μmol/L. Methyl thiazoyl tetrazolium（MTT） assay was used to detect the effect of SAHA on cell proliferation and to select suitable intervention concentration. Western blot was applied to detect the acetylation of histone H3 and Real-time PCR was employed to measure the mRNA expression of Islet-1. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation（ChIP）Real-time PCR was used to measure the level of the acetylation of histone H3 in promoter region of Islet-1. Results：The cell proliferation rate of SAHA was increased in 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L group than in control group but without siganificant difference（P >0.05）. No difference in the cell proliferation rate was found between SAHA 2.0 μmol/L group and control group（P >0.05）. The cell proliferation in SAHA in 4.0 μmol/L group was greatly affected（P<0.05）.Western blot showed that the acetylation of histone H3 was increased by 7.23 fold in SAHA 2.0 μmol/L group after 48 h（P<0.05）. The expression of Islet-1 was increased by 4.68 fold（P<0.05），and the level of the acetylation of histone H3 in promoter region of Islet-1 was increased to 2.08 fold（P<0.05） compared with those in control group. Conclusion：The expression of Islet-1 can be promoted by increasing of the acetylation of histone H3 in promoter region of Islet-1. The expression of Islet-1 is regulated by the acetylation of histone H3 in cardiac progenitor cells.

Abstract:Objective：To identify the expression pattern of S100A2 mRNA and protein in peri-implantation endometrium in mice，and to accumulate experimental proof which S100A2 might play roles in embryo implantation. Methods：mRNA and protein expression of S100A2 were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（FQ-PCR） and immunohistochemistry. Results：① S100A2 mRNA was steadily expressed in the mouse uterus during d1-d6 of pregnancy，and its quantity gradually decreased day by day. On d5 of pregnancy，its expression level was lower in the implantation sites than that in inter-implantation sites. ②S100A2 pro－tein was localized in cytoplasm of mouse endometrial stromal cells，while its level dynamically changed:strongly positive on d1-d2，weakly positive on d3-d5. ③No expression was detected in endometrial luminal epithelial cells and gland cells. Conclusion：Dynamic expression of S100A2 in mouse uterus during embryo implantation shows that it might play roles in regulation of embryo invasion into the uterine endometrium.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of total saponins of Asparagus on the expression of P16 gene in the heart of aging rats，and to discuss its mechanism. Methods：Rats were injected with D-galactose daily for the construction of aging rat models，then rats in model group were orally administered with total saponins of Asparagus. The contents of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and malondialdehyde（MDA） in the serum and the heart were measured by hydroxylamine and chromatometric methods. The morphological changes of the heart was observed by microscope. The expression of P16 mRNA in the heart was detected by Real-time PCR. Results：Com－pared with those in model group，the activity of SOD was significantly higher and the content of MDA was significantly lower in the serum and the heart in treatment group（P<0.05）；the heart had obvious pathological injury；the expression of P16 mRNA in the heart of treatment group was decreased significantly（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Total saponins of Asparagus can improve the heart’s function among aging rats，which may associate with the increase of SOD content and decrease of P16 expression.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the correlation of monocarboxylate transporters 1（MCT1），CD147 and CD44 protein expressions in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） and to discuss their respective clinico-pathological value in the occurrence，development and prognosis of NSCLC. Methods：Fifty specimens of NSCLC tissues（pulmonary cancer group），peritumoral tissues（more than 5 cm far from the tumor margin，peritumoral group） and 21 specimens of benign pulmonary disease tissues（control group） were enrolled. The expressions of MCT1，CD147 and CD44 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results：（1）The positive expression rates of MCT1，CD147 and CD44 protein in pulmonary cancer group were significantly than those in peritumoral group and control group（P<0.05）；（2）Significant correlations between MCT1 expressions in the cell membrane and expressions of CD147 and CD44 were existed（ χ2=7.284，P=0.007；χ2=6.522，P=0.011）；（3）The expressions of MCT1，CD147 and CD44 protein in NSCLC were not correlated with the age，gender，site，tumor size and pTNM stage，but correlated significantly with the histological type（ χ2=12.888，P=0.039； χ2=3.997，P=0.043； χ2=3.982，P=0.000；χ2=7.670，P=0.035） and lymph node metastasis（ χ2=13.406，P=0.021；χ2=13.406，P=0.021；χ2=11.809，P=0.039； χ2=12.493，P=0.000）. In addition，MCT1 expressions in the cell membrane were correlated significantly with the tumor differentiation degree（χ2=7.135，P=0.013） and smoking（χ2=6.623，P=0.010）. CD44 was correlated significantly with the tumor differentiation degree（χ2=5.486，P=0.000）. Conclusions：The expressions of MCT1，CD147 and CD44 protein in specimens of NSCLC are significantly higher than those in peritumoral tissues and benign pulmonary disease tissues. Statistics shows that significant correlations among expressions of MCT1，CD147 and CD44 protein in NSCLC cell membrane are existed. MCT1，CD147 and CD44 protein may participate in the occurrence，development and the distant lymph node metastasis of cancer，thus can be regarded as the evaluation index for NSCLS.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effects of vascular reconstruction by Paclitaxel-carrying liposome microbubbles（PLM） combined with low-frequency ultrasound on the liver and kidney function in young rabbits. Methods：Twenty-four young New Zealand rabbits aged （60±15） d were randomly divided into normal group，operation group and intervention group. The iliac artery stenosis model was established by balloon dilatation and the intervention model by PLM combined with low-frequency ultrasound at three weeks after the operation. The changes in the lumen area and tunica media-intima area of the iliac artery were measured at one week after the intervention. The liver and kidney function was tested in all groups. Results：The tunica media-intima area of the iliac artery was magnified in operation group compared with that in normal group（P＜0.05），with disarranged cells and stenosis rate of （80.22±6.7）%. Part of the intima of the iliac artery was thickened in intervention group than in normal group and operation group（P＜0.05），with arranged cells in tunica media and stenosis rate of （16.17±10.45）%. There was no difference in the liver and kidney function among all groups（P ＞0.05）. Conclusion：PLM combined with low-frequency ultrasound can exert intervention effect on the angiostenosis in young rabbits without influencing the liver and kidney function.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the effect of three transfection methods on ZsGreen gene expression in rats myocardium mediated by adeno-associated virus 9（AAV9）. Methods：Totally 30 male SD rats were divided into tail vein（TV） injection group，intramyocardium（IM） injection group and intracoronary（IC） infusion

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine（5-Aza-CdR） on the proliferation and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer（HEC）HEC-1-B cells and the possible mechanism. Methods：HEC-1-B cells were treated with different concentrations of DNA methytransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction（MSP） was used to detect pro－moter methylation status of RAS association domain family 1A（RASSF1A） gene and RT-PCR was used to detect re-expression of mRNA. Furthermore，cell growth was estimated by MTT assay and cell apoptosis rate was estimated by flow cytometry. Results：Promoter hypermethylation of the RASSF1A gene was detected in HEC-1-B cells. After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR，the promoter region of the RASSF1A gene exhibited a demethylation status，and RASSF1A gene was re-expressed. Meanwhile，the cellular growth activity decreased and cell apoptosis increased. Conclusions：The 5-Aza-CdR could reverse methylation of RASSF1A gene to regulate the expression of RASSF1A gene，and could effectively inhibit the cellular proliferation and induce apoptosis of endometrial carcinoma cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the changes of the expression and secretion of interleukin-1β（IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in rabbit’s knee chondrocytes under the stimulation of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field（LEPEMF）. Methods：Marrow stem cells（MSCs） of rabbits were obtained and differentiated into chondrocytes in vitro. PEMF with different intensities was applied to stimulate the chondrocytes. The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the chondrocytes were measured by Western blot and their levels in the cultured medium were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Result：PEMF did not exert obvious effect on the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the chondrocytes but it can reduce the secretion levels of of IL-1β and TNF-α in the cultured medium in a dose-dependent way. Conclusion：PEMF can inhibit the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in cultured rabbit’s chondrocytes.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（hBMSCs） to differentiate into neurons and dopaminergic neuron-like cells in vitro. Methods：The hBMSCs were isolated and purified from normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro. After the identification and pretreatment with basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF） and epidermal growth factor（EGF），the hBMSCs were cultured at the medium containing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor（GDNF） and Angiotensin Ⅱ（AngⅡ）. The cell morphology of hBMSCs during the differentiation was observed by inverted microscope. The mRNA expressions and proteins of Nestin，neuron-specific enolase（NSE），human glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP），tyrosinehydroxylase（TH） of hBMSCs were detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence method before and after the induction. Results：Ｔhe hBMSCs with high purity of were collected. The majority of the hBMSCs were transformed into neuron-like cells displaying as bipolar，multipolar and cone in sharp at two weeks after the differentiation of hBMSCs by AngⅡ. The mRNAs expressions of Nestin，NSE and TH by hBMSCs after the induction were significantly more than those before the induction（P<0.05）. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the number of cells expressing proteins of NSE，Nestin and TH was increased significantly after the induction（P<0.05）. GFAP gene was not expressed by cells before and after the induction. Conclusion：AngⅡcombined with other growth factors can induce hBMSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic neuron-like cells.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the protective effects of panax notoginseng saponins（PNS） on palmitic acid（PA） induced inflammation in HepG2 cells and to discuss the possible mechanism of PNS against inflammation. Methods：HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro. The control group，palmitic acid treatment group（PA group） and PNS treatment group were established according to the experimental requirements. The effects of PA and PNS on the proliferation of HepG2 cells were measured with MTT assay. Lipid accumulation was evaluated morphologically by oil red O staining. Real-time PCR was applied to determine the TNF-α mRNA expression. TNF-α in the cell-free culture supernatants was measured with highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） kits according to the manufacturer’s directions. Nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB） activation was examined with immunofluorescence technique. Results：Palmitic acid treatment can induce apoptosis，lipidosis and inflammation in HepG2 cells while PNS pretreatment can suppress the TNF-α expression and releasing induced by PA. NF-κB activation induced by PA was also inhibited by PNS pretreatment. Conclusions：PNS has anti-inflammation effect on hepatocyte. The mechanism of PNS protective effect is partially due to the inhibition of NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression.

Abstract:Objective：To study on the expression and function of CUG-binding protein 1（CUGBP1） in prostate carcinoma. Methods: The CUGBP1mRNA levels in the prostate carcinoma specimen and the adjacent non-carcinoma tissues were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of four kinds prostate carcinoma cell strains（22RV1，PC-3，DU145，LNCaP clone FGC） in CUGBP1 were detected by Western blot. The proliferation and apoptosis of cell line PC-3 after silencing CUGBP1 were examed by RNA interference technique. The mRNA levels of downstream related genes in cell line PC-3 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results：CUGBP1 was highly expressed in PC-3 and 22RV1. The CUGBP1 mRNA level in prostate carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent non-carcinoma tissues. The CUGBP1 gene silencing，which was induced by shRNA lentivirus，suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of cell line PC-3 and increased the proportion of cells in G1 phase. The mRNA level of CDKN1A in PC-3 cell line was up-regulated while that of BCL2，PCNA，MCM2 and MCM3 was down-regulated after CUGBP1 gene silencing. Conclusion：CUGBP1 gene may regulate the apoptosis，proliferation and cell cycle of prostate carcinoma cells through up-regulating and down-regulating downstream genes.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the weight growth of infants with different birth weight aged 0-6 months and to provide references for their clinical health care at early stage. Methods：Prospective cohort was established in the department of child health care in children’s hospital affiliated to Chongqing medical university from May 2010 to September 2011. The cohort was divided into the macrosomia group，the normal birth weight（NBW） group and the preterm low birth weight（PLBW） group. Infants with different birth weight were compared in terms of weight for age Z-score（WAZ），the incidence of overweight at 6th month and the weight growth speed from 0 to 6 months（ΔWAZ）. Results：（1）Respectively，86，154 and 107 examples were included in PLBW group，NBW group and macrosomia group. （2）At 6th month，the mean WAZs in PLBW group，NBW group and macrosomia group were（-0.60±1.12），（0.46±0.83） and （1.17±0.92），P＜0.000 1. （3）The mean ΔWAZs in PLBW group，NBW group and macrosomia group from 0 to 6 months were （2.41±1.01），（0.48±0.83） and （-0.56±0.95），P＜0.000 1. （4）The incidences of overweight in PLBW group，NBW group and macrosomia group at 6th month were 4.65%，6.49% and 19.63%. （5）In PLBW group，the mean ΔWAZ of preterm formula-fed infants and full term formula-fed infants was obviously higher than that of breast-fed infants，P=0.008 5；in NBW group and macrosomia group，the mean ΔWAZ of full term formula-fed was higher than that of breast-fed infants，but the differences were not significant. Conclusion：（1）A high weight growth level is maintained in macrosomia group and the incidence of overweight is the highest among three groups. The weight growth velocity is the lowest in macrosomia group compared with that of PLBW group and NBW group；（2）During the first 6 months of life，the weight growth velocity and overweight incidence are lower in breast-fed infants than in fomula-fed infants among the three groups.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the health condition of the residents in different communities of Beibei district in Chongqing concerning the prevalence of part chronic diseases，health knowledge awareness，formation of health behavior，their health needs and so on. Methods：A health survey questionnaire for community residents was used to investigate 882 residents in Beibei district in Chongqing. Results:（1）The prevalence of cardio cerebrovascular disease and cervical and lumbar disease was significantly higher in residents in urban area and university than in rural or suburban area（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The prevalence of tuberculosis was significantly higher in suburban community than in urban area（P＜0.01）. （2）The health knowledge awareness of residents in urban area and university was generally higher，while that in suburban community and rural area was comparatively lower. The proportion of average daily drinking below 100 grams for residents in rural，suburban，urban areas，and university was 88.73%，78.48%，91.06% and 92.50%，respectively；the ratio of participating in fitness activities was 65.26%，72.65%，56.10% and 72.00%，respectively.（3）As for the six current options，that is，the most needed health services，the most wanted health knowledge，the favorite form of promotional materials，the access to obtain health knowledge，the most appropriate way to carry out health education，and the main issues influencing people’s health，residents in different communities had the same for the top three to four options，but the order of these options was inconsistent. Conclusions：Residents in different communities have differences in health knowledge awareness，formation of health be－havior，and prevalence of chronic diseases，but their ways to obtain health knowledge and their health needs are nearly the same. Relevant health education should be proceeded.

Abstract:Objective：To understand the present situation of public health emergencies response capacity and preparation in the class Ⅱ and Ⅲ hospitals of Chongqing，to analyze the existing problems，to improve the recognition and response capacity for public health emergencies. Methods：Totally 140 class Ⅱ and Ⅲ hospitals in Chongqing were investigated by using the questionnaire of public health emergencies response capacity of hospitals which was the achievement of Ministry of Science and Technology 863 project. Results：（１）Emergency personnel preparation. 70.3% of the hospitals can ensure the appropriate personnel reserves and 75.4% hired temporary employees or volunteers. （２）Emergency equipment supply and operation ability. 67.2% can obtain emergency equipments from other channels and 24.8% ruled in storage and disposal of the hazardous waste. （３）Emergency supplies reserves. 72.8% had standby emergency resources and 36.8% had drug priority allocation schemes. （４）Emergency method and system. all the hospitals make contingency plans for major infectious diseases and 69.6% had the ability to admit a batch of patients. （５）Emergency communication and collaboration between inter-hospitals. More than 86.4% collaborated with local center of disease control and other hospitals. The emergency equipment supply and operation ability were stronger in class Ⅲ hospitals than in class Ⅱ hospitals（P<0.05）. Emergency communication and collaboration between inter-hospitals was stronger in comprehensive hospitals than in non-comprehensive hospitals（P<0.05）. The emergency equipment supply and operation ability，method and system were stronger in teaching hospitals than in non-teaching hospitals（P<0.05）. Conclusions：The response capacity and emergency preparation already have certain scale in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ hospitals of Chongqing. However，the emergency personnel preparation，equipment supply，disinfection，medical treatment ability construction，communication and collaboration between inter-hospitals need to be further improved.

Abstract:Objective：To understand the factors influencing the seeking of medical treatment through investigating patients and parents with chief complaint of six-year molar and to provide references for early prevention and treatment. Methods：Clinical examination was performed on 300 patients with six-year molars and the condition of six-year molars was recorded. The reason for seeking medical treatment，awareness of relevant knowledge of six-year molar and the population sociological features were investigated by questionnaires. Results：The urban and rural distribution，educational level and the knowledge structure of the parents were the influencing factors of seeking medical treatment. Conclusion：Various channels should be applied to popularize oral health knowledge，narrow the urban-rural gap and educational gap so that everyone will pay more attention on early prevention and treatment of six-year moral.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the compliance and influence factors of the standard disinfection of first aid equipments among ICU medical personnel and to provide references for related departments in hospital to formulate preventing plans and measures. Methods：A self-designed questionnaire of the standard disinfection compliance for first aid equipments was conducted among 200 ICU medical workers in 4 pilot hospitals entitled national “high quality nursing service demonstration project” in Xinjiang. The compliance of the standard disinfection for eleven kinds of first aid equipments in ICU was surveyed. Results：The way of disinfecting first aid equipments among ICU medical workers was various. The compliance of the standard disinfection for electrocardiogram monitor was the best，reaching 79.5% while those for bronchoscopy，ice blanket machine,enteral nutrition pump were the worst. Logistic regression analysis showed that the years of working，the years of working in ICU and the position were the main influence factors of the standard disinfection compliance. Conclusions：The compliance of disinfecting first aid equipment by rules among ICU medical personnel is not high. Lack of related knowledge，the years of working and the years of working in ICU are the important factors for the standard disinfection.