Abstract:Objective：To investigate the biological effects of Adriamycin combined with hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule（hepaCAM） gene on renal carcinoma cell 786-0. Methods：After treated with Adriamycin，786-0 cells were infected with adenovirus pAdH5-hepaCAM or pAdH5. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） assay was used to observe the inhibition rates of cells in different groups. Flow cytometer（FCM） was used to analyze the changes of cell cycle. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of hepaCAM and cell division cycle 2（cdc2）. Results：MTT assay showed that inhibition rate was markedly increased in ADM/pAdH5-hepaCAM group than in ADM/pAdH5 group and pAdH5-hepaCAM group（P<0.01）. In FCM assay，remarkable G2/M phase arrest was seen in ADM/pAdH5-hepaCAM group. RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that mRNA and protein levels of cdc2 were down-regulated in ADM/pAdH5-hepaCAM group（P<0.01）. Conclusions：When gene transfer used after Adriamycin treatment，remarkable growth inhibition and G2/M phase arrest can be observed，which may associate with the down-regulation of cdc2 by Adriamycin induced hepaCAM gene.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the central analgesic mechanism of using moxibustion of Guanyuan point to treat patients with primary dysmenorrhea through collecting the blood oxygenation level-dependent（BOLD） signal by restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging（rsfMRI） technology and analyzing the brain functional change of patients with primary dysmenorrhea before and after moxibustion of Guanyuan point by amplitude of low frequency fluctuation（ALFF） method. Methods：RsfMRI scanning was per－formed on 20 primary dysmenorrhea patients before the treatment（moxibustion of Guanyuan point） and at 5 min after the treatment. All data were analyzed by ALFF. Paired t-test was used to process the data and to compare the ALFF value before and after the treat－ment. BOLD signal changes after moxibustion on Guanyuan point were observed from the view of brain metabolic activity. Results：ALFF values of the right cingulate gyrus，left insula，left precuneus，right postcentral gyrus，left uncus，left superior temporal gyrus，middle temporal gyrus，left precentral gyrus，left middle frontal gyrus，right inferior frontal gyrus were increased significantly after moxibustion（P<0.05，after correction），while the ALFF values of the left occipital lobe，right superior frontal gyrus，left medial frontal gyrus，left middle frontal gyrus，right posterior lobe of cerebellum and right superior temporal gyrus were decreased（P<0.05，after cor－rection）. Conclusions：RsfMRI technology and ALFF method can be used to study the activity changes of brain after moxibustion of Guanyuan point. The treatment of moxibustion of Guanyuan point may arouse the functional changes of a series of pain-related brain regions，which may provide imaging evidence for the study of the mechanism of central analgesic by moxibustion of Guanyuan point.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the pathological responses of chronic inflammation and urodynamic changes of the rats with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis（CNP）. Methods：Twenty male SD rats were equally divided into 4 groups（n=5）. After the experimental CNP rat model was established，the urodynamical recordings and histopathological analysis were done on the 45th，60th d and 90th d. Re－sults：Prostatic inflammation was induced in model group. Mic－turition volume（MV），maximal micturition volume（Max MV），vesical compliance（VC） and micturition interval（MI） were sig－nificantly deceased in model group than in normal control group on the 45th d （P<0.05）. Post void residual（PVR） and maximal bladder pressure were increased in model group than in normal control group on the 60th d（P<0.05）. MV was decreased，PVR and VC were increased and MI was shortened in model group than in normal control group on the 90th d （P<0.05）. Conclusion：Urodynamic changes are existed in CNP model and its mechanism needs further study.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of chronic prostatitis（CP） by establishing chronic prostatitis rat model and observing their ethological changes. Methods：A total of 50 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups：normal control group（n=10），45 d model group（n=10），60 d model group（n=10），90 d model group（n=10），treatment 15 d group（n=5） and treatment 45 d group（n=5）. The CP rat models were made in the latter five groups by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml pertussis diphtheria tetanus（PDT） vaccine and abdominal subcutaneous multiple points injection of 1.0 ml Freund’s complete adjuvant（FCA） and 35 g/L prostate protein purification fluid at the 0 and 30th d. From the 46th d，the rats in treatment 15 d group and the treatment 45 d group were given intragastric injection of saline containing 10 mg/（kg·d） Escitalopram Oxalate tablets for continuous 15 d and 45 d respectively. The ethological change was determined by open-field test and sucrose consumption test；the morphological change of prostatic tissue was observed by light microscopy. Results：All 50 rats were involved in the result analysis. The horizontal movement，vertical movement times of open-field test and sucrose consumption were significantly decreased in 90 d model group than in normal control group[（47.40±17.45），（5.90±2.80） and （53.80±16.29） ml/24 h vs. （70.40±10.35），（12.80±4.69） and （88.21±21.66） ml/24 h] （P=0.017，P=0.038，P=0.048）. There was no significant difference in the above indicators among 45 d model group，60 d model group，treatment 15 d group and treatment 45 d group（P >0.05）. Conclusions：90 d CP model rats exhibits characteristics of depression. Escitalopram can reduce the prostatic inflammatory responses and depressive behaviors of rats with CP.

Abstract:Objective：To reveal the effect of cold and dry environment on hyaluronan and laminin in the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） so as to provide references for treating COPD with local peculiarity of Xinjiang（northwest of China）. Methods：COPD model was established by dripping porcine pancreatic elastase（PEE） in the trachea combined with cigarette smoking and model of COPD cold-dryness was also set up by dripping PEE in the trachea，cigarette smoking combined with cold and dry en－viroment. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid（BALF） and serum were taken to detect contents of hyaluronan and laminin in rat’s BALF and laminin in rat’s serum of each group with enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay（ELISA）. The data were analyzed statistically with software SPSS. Results：The results showed that laminin content in serum was significantly higher in COPD cold-dryness group than in control group（P<0.01），but the difference was of no statistical significance between COPD group and control group. Laminin content in BALF was significantly higher in COPD cold-dryness group than in control group（P<0.05），but the difference was of no statistical significance between COPD group and control group. Conclusions：The lung performances of COPD model and COPD cold-dryness model are in accordance with the physiological characteristics of COPD，but laminin contents in serum and BALF are differ－ent，which may be one of the pathogenesis of COPD under the cold and dry environment of northwest china.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate whether epidural injection of compound solution can cause intraspinal adhesion and inflammatory reaction of nerve roots by observing the pathological condition of epidural cavity and nerve root after the injection. Methods：Totally 24 healthy adult white Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into four groups equally（n=6）：control group（group A），steroid + narcotic injection group（group B），steroid + narcotic+ vitamin B injection group（group C），steroid + narcotic+ vitamin B+ traditional Chinese medicine injection group（group D）. In group B，C，D，each rabbit was given epidural injection of compound solution once a week for four weeks. The dura mater，nerve roots，and spinal cord specimens were performed for pathologic detection at the 1st，4th and 8th week respectively after discontinuation. Results：Neither fibroplasia nor cicatrization was observed by visual inspection. The results of HE staining indicated the presence of hemaleucin effusion and phlogistic infiltration in the epidural cavity，thickening of the dura mater and inflammatory exudation around the nerve roots in partial specimens. No abnormality was seen in specific staining. Immunohisto－chemistry showed that type Ⅱ collagen fiber proliferation occurred in the subdural and epidural cavity at the 4th week in group B，C and D and dura maters were slightly thicker in group B，C and D than in group A at the 8th week. Under the electron microscope，desmocyte in group B，macrophage in group C，focal thickening of the myelin sheath and endoneurial collagen fibril in group D were observed at the 4th week. Increasing number of desmocytes in group B，C，D at the 8th week were found. Conclusions：Mild inflam－mation and slight type Ⅱ collagen fibers proliferation can be detected around the spinal cord and nerve roots after epidural injection of compound solution once a week for consecutive four weeks. No organ damage in spinal cord and nerve root can be found if these changes exist within eight weeks. Epidural injection of compound solution is feasible if the puncture is accurate.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2（BMP-2） combined with hyperthermic chemotherapy on GDF15 and TFF3 expression in SW480. Methods：BMP-2 was acted on SW480 colorectal cancer cell lines，placed in 43 ℃ hyper－thermic chemotherapy for 30 min and cultured for 6 h. （1）Apoptosis of SW480 cells was detected by flow cytometry assay；（2）GDF15 and TFF3 protein expressions were detected by Western blot；（3）GDF15 and TFF3 mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR. Results：SW480 cells apoptosis was increased，GDF15 and TFF3 protein levels were decreased after BMP-2 combined with 43 ℃ hyperthermic chemotherapy. GDF15 and TFF3 mRNA expressions were also reduced. Conclusions：BMP-2 combined hyperthermic chemotherapy can inhibit proliferation and metastasis of SW480 by inhibiting GDF15 and TFF3 protein and mRNA expressions. Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy has synergistic effect on the inhibition of GDF15 and TFF3 expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expressions and clinical significances of estrogen receptor（ER），progesterone receptor（PR），human epidermal growth factor receptor-2（HER-2） and cell proliferative nuclear antigen Ki67 in human medullary carcinoma of the breast. Methods：The pathological data of 43 cases of medullary breast carcinoma（MBC） were collected. The expressions of ER，PR，HER-2 and Ki67 in carcinoma tissues in 43 cases were detected by immunohistochemical S-P method. Another 120 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma（IDC） of the breast were chosen as the controls. Results：The positive expression rates of ER，PR，HER-2 and Ki67 in MBC tissues were 8/43（18.75%），11/43（25.58%），14/43（32.56%），7/43（16.28%），respectively；meanwhile，the positive rates in IDC were 25/120（20.83%），33/120（27.50%），49/120 （40.83%），42/120（35.00%），respectively. The positive rate of Ki67 in IDC was significantly higher than that in MBC（P<0.05）. The positive expression of Ki67 was associated with tumor volume and lymph node metastasis（P<0.05），but not correlated with the age and clinical stage. There was a positive relationship between the expression of Ki67 and HER-2（r=0.447，P<0.05） and there was no relationship between the expression of Ki67 and PR and PR（r=0.113 and r=1.129，P >0.05）. Conclusions：The expression of Ki67 is correlated with the genesis，development of breast cancer，which can be con－sidered as a biological indicator in MBC. It will be useful for the prognosis through detecting the expression of Ki67 combined with ER，PR and HER-2.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the expressions of estrogen receptor（ER），progesterone receptor（PR），human epidemic receptor-2 （HER-2） and Ki67 in young women（≤35 years old） with breast carcinoma in Xinjiang and to explore the relationship between the expressions and the clinical pathological characteristics. Methods：The expressions of ER，PR，HER-2 and Ki67 in 70 young women with breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical method and their relationship with the clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed. Results：The positive rate of ER，PR，HER-2 and Ki67 in 70 young women with breast carcinoma of were 74.3%（52/70），71.40%（50/70），32.90%（23/70） and 97.1%（68/70）. Statistical differences in the expressions of HER-2 were observed in groups with different tumor sizes and groups with or without lymph node metastasis（P<0.05）；statistical differences in the expressions of Ki67 were observed in groups with different nationalities and histological gradings and groups with or without lymph node metasta－sis（P<0.05）. No statistical difference in the expression of ER and PR was observed in groups with different nationalities and histologi－cal gradings，groups with different tumor sizes and groups with or without lymph node metastasis（P >0.05）；no statistical difference in the expression of HER-2 was observed in groups with different nationalities and histological gradings（P >0.05）；no statistical difference in the expression of Ki67 was observed in groups with different tumor sizes（P >0.05）. Conclusions：（1）The expressions of ER and PR in young women with breast carcinoma are high，but the expressions are not related with clinical pathological features.（2）The expres－sions of HER-2 and Ki67 are related with malignancy grading and metastasis. （3）The expressions of Ki67 are high and show vari－ances in groups with different nationalities. （4）Combined detection of ER，PR，HER-2 and Ki67 can be used as criterion of biologi－cal behavior and prognosis in young women with breast carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of claudin-1 on the cell adhesion，invasion and metastasis capacity through inhibiting the expression of claudin-1 in SW620 cells. Methods：The expression of claudin-1 in SW620 cell was inhibited through shRNA in－terfering technique to detect its effect on cell adhesion ability. Then Transwell chamber invasion assay and cell scratch test were applied to detect the invasion and metastasis of cells. Results：Low expression of claudin-1 can inhibit adhesion of SW620 cells to laminin，fibronectin，collagen Ⅳand CollagenⅠ，with adhersive inhibition rate of 61%，29%，48%，12% respectively. The cell invasiveness was stronger in SW620-control group than in SW620-shRNA group，with inhibition rate of 70%（P<0.001）. After the inhibition of claudin-1，cell migration was significantly reduced. Conclusion：Inhibiting claudin-1 expression could suppress the adhesive and invasive a－bility of SW620 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To design and screen high-affinity ligands for schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase（GST） as fusion tag. Methods：pGST-MOLUC was induced to express GST in Escherichia coli BL21 under low temperature and GST was purified by glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. By the initial velocity method，Km of GST aganist glutathione（GSH） and 1-chloro-2，4-dinitrobenzene（CDNB） was estimated. S-（2，4-dinitrobenzne）-glutathione（GS-DNB），3，5-dimethylbenzoic acid，4-butylben－zoic acid and ethacrynic acid were tested and the inhibition etfect of symmetrical biamide of such aromatic carboxylic acid on GST was examed. Results：Homogenous GST was successfully obtained. GSH and CDNB followed sequential bisubstrate kinetic mechanism with both Km over 0.10 mmol/L. GS-DNB had a competitive Ki of about 5.0 μmol/L against CDNB but a noncompetitive Ki of about 33 μmol/L against GSH. 3，5-dimethylbenzoic acid，4-butylbenzoic acid，and ethacrynic acid showed Ki over 0.20 mmol/L，but N，N’-bis-ethacrynyl-1，4-butyldiamine and N，N’-bis-（4-（n-butyl）-benzoyl）-1，4-butyldiamine displayed strong competitive inhibition on this GST against GSH with Ki of 31 nmol/L and （0.61±0.43） μmol/L（n=3），correspondingly. Conclusion：Symmetrical biamide of low-affinity aromatic carboxylic acid linked via short linear chain has promise to be high-affinity inhibitors to single active site of GST.

Abstract:Objective：To screen and prepare the new carrier for Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles from bovine serum albumin by prote－olysis and nanoparticle technology and to study the physical and chemical indicators. Methods：Bovine serum albumin（BSA） which was degraded to fragments by pepsin was used as a carrier，the Paclitaxel-BSA fragments-nanoparticles were prepared by homoge－nized-spin steam. The appearance，size distribution，yield，encapsulation efficiency，drug loading and release in vitro of the sample were assessed. Results：Four clip groups were got through column chromatography after BSA enzymolysis. The fourth group was cho－sen as the candidate carrier. The nanoparticles got were round and uniform in shape with an average diameter of 150.2 nm. The aver－age yield of nanoparticles was（45.132±0.903）%，average encapsulation efficiency was （50.246±0.712）%，average drug-loading rate was （4.804±0.101）% and the 48 h accumulative release percentage was 82.4%. Conclusions：The preparation of Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles through BSA enzymolysis is feasible. Therefore，there is possibility to increase the sources of carriers for Pacli－taxel-loaded nanoparticles and to reduce the cost of prepara－tion.

Abstract:Objective：To prepare adult rat hippocampus slices for whole-cell patch clamp recording and to observe the electrophysio－logical properties of hippocampus pyramidal neurons. Methods：Adult male or female SD rats of 200 g in weight were selected and were narcotized by 10% chloral hydrate intraperitoneal injection. The limb was fixed，chest was cut open and inferior vena cava was clamped in all the rats. After cardiac perfusion by 0 ℃ slices liquid，the whole brain was removed and placed in 0 ℃ slice liquid for 3 min，then chopped into 350 μm thickness. The brain slices were transferred to 37 ℃ preheated artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 1 h and then transferred to 23 ℃ for 30 min. The neuronal morphology of brain slices were observed by using inverted phase contrast microscope and infrared differential interference phase contrast microscopy. Electrophysiological properties of brain slices neurons were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp. Results：Good gloss，stereoscopic and obvious neurite pyramidal neurons were observed in hippocampal CA1 region，which were easy to sealing. With the application of patch clamp technique，the changes of the currents and action potential of pyramidal neurons in CA1 region were recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp. Conclusions：The adult rat brain slices prepared by this method can withstand the damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia in vitro，remain electrophysiological properties and adapt to the whole-cell patch clamp recording.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical value of serum carbohydrate antigen（CA）153，CA125，carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA） combined detection in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods：Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay（CMIA） was used to detect the serum levels of CA153，CA125，CEA in 81 patients with breast cancer，55 patients with benign breast diseases and 67 healthy women. Results：The levels and positive rates of CA153，CA125 and CEA in patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign breast diseases and healthy controls（P<0.05）. The positive rate of CA153（49.38%） was the highest among three tumor markers. The sensitivity，specificity，accuracy and negative predictive values of combined detection of CA153，CA125 and CEA were 69.14%，96.72%，85.71% and 82.52%，respectively. The value of specificity in combined detection was decreased slightly，while the values of other indicators were higher in combined detection than in single detection. The positive rate of CA153 was obviously lower in breast cancer patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ（15.91%） than in those at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ（89.19%）. The combined detection of CA153，CA125 and CEA greatly improved the positive rates for breast cancer patients at different clinical stages（stageⅠ and Ⅱ：47.73%，stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ：94.59%）. The area under receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves of CA153，CA125 and CEA was 0.774，0.664 and 0.690 respectively. The area under ROC curves of the combined detection was 0.807. Con－clusions：The clinical value of single tumor marker detection in the early diagnosis of breast cancer is limited. The combined detec－tion of CA153，CA125 and CEA is beneficial to improving the diagnosis performance as well as to increasing the early diagnosis rate for breast cancer. In addition，it is helpful to the differential diagnosis between breast cancer and benign breast diseases. The combined detection of CA153，CA125 and CEA is an ideal marker combination in the detection of breast cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the reliability and validity for Chinese version of pediatric quality of life inventoryTM 3.0 neu－romuscular module（PedsQLTM 3.0 NMM）. Methods：The standard procedure of cross-culture adaptation was used to develop the Chi－nese version PedsQLTM 3.0 NMM. Thirty-nine children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy（DMD） and their parents were investigated with the Chinese version scale. The feasibility，reliability and validity of the Chinese version scale were then evaluated. Results：Total－ly 39 copies of questionnaires were completed. The rates of item missing were 0.31% and 0.64%，less than 1%. Total and all dimen－sion’s Cronbach alpha coefficients were ranged between 0.74 and 0.88，all larger than 0.7 and the intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC） was ranged between 0.74 and 0.86，all larger than 0.6. The item in the PedsQLTM 3.0 NMM was moderately and highly related with correlation coefficient of Spearman（0.42～0.88 and 0.39～0.84） in its belonged domains than in other domains. Significant dif－ferences were observed in domains of disease with different severities（P<0.05） but no significant difference was observed in other domains（P >0.05）. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the comparative fit indexes were 0.94 and 0.93. Conclusions：The Chi－nese version PedsQLTM 3.0 NMM has acceptable psychometric properties. The instrument may be a valuable tool to measure health-related quality of life（HRQOL） of Chinese children with neuromuscular diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of in vitro time and anticoagulant concentration on platelet activation. Methods：The pe－ripheral blood platelet of 85 healthy adults was exposed to different in vitro time and different concentrations of sodium citrate，then flow cytometry（FCM） and monoclonal antibodies（McAb） were used to detect the expression levels of platelet surface glycoprotein protein PAC-1，CD62p，CD63，thrombin-sensitive protein（TSP）. Results：Under the same in vitro time，platelet activation was in－creased with the concentration of sodium citrate increasing from 0.109 mol/L to 0.872 mol/L. Platelet activation did not change signif－icantly when the citrate concentration was higher than 0.872 mol/L. Platelet activation was slight increased within 2 h in vitro，signif－icantly increased within 2-8 h，remained unchanged after 8 h. Conclusions：Increasing the anticoagulant concentration within certain range and extending time in vitro can enhance platelet activation. We should choose the most appropriate anticoagulant concentration and the shortest time in vitro to test the platelet-related indicators and select appropriate storage method to save the platelet in order to reduce its activation.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the accuracy of using PT-Fib method to determine fibrinogen（Fib） content in plasma samples with ACL ELITE PRO automatic coagulometer（ELITE PRO） and its correlation with results of Clauss method. Methods：Clauss method and PT-Fib method were used to determine Fib content in 232 plasma fibrinogen samples. Correlation analysis was made to get the confidential range in ELITE PRO when detecting Fib content by PT-Fib method. Results：The coefficient of variation of PT-Fib method was 3.8% in ELITE PRO. When the content of Fib was 1.5-4.5 g/L，there was no significant difference between Clauss method and PT-Fib method and results of the two methods were positively coorelated；when the content of Fib was<1.5 g/L or>4.5 g/L，PT-Fib method results was significant higher than that of Clauss method（P >0.05）. Conclusions：When Fib content is 1.5-4.5 g/L detected by PT-Fib method，the result is reliable and can be directly used in clinical report；when Fib content is<1.5 g/L or＞r 4.5 g/L detected by PT-Fib method，the result is unreliable and shoul be rechecked by Clauss method. Combined use of the two methods can be sim－pler，quicker and more accurate and economical in detecting Fib.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the correlation between clinical risk factors and prognosis in premature coronary heart disease （PCHD） after revascularization and to provide the scientific references for prevention，cure and prognosis of PCHD. Methods：Totally 2 134 patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） or coronary artery bypass graft（CABG） from February 1st，2000 to January 31st，2010 in our hospital were selected. All the patients were divided into two groups by age and gender，namely premature group and control group. The differences in the general condition and blood biochemical inspection results between the two groups were analyzed. The clinical risk factors in patients with PCHD after revascularization were discussed. After operation，the premature group was followed-up with an average of 24 months. COX regression model was used to find the risk factors affecting the postoperative prognosis of PCI or CABG. Results：The smoking history，family history of CHD，level of total cholesterol（TC），triglyceride（TG），plasma fibrinogen（Fig） and hemoglobin（HGB） were the risk factors for PCHD. The smoking history，family history of CHD，high level of TC and the low level of HGB were the risk factors for postoperative prognosis of PCI or CABG. Conclusions：Patients with PCHD after the revascularization should take some targeted interventions to cope with the high risk factors of PCHD，strengthen the smoking control and rational diet propaganda and pay high attention to those with the positive family history of CHD.

Abstract:Objective：To study the clinical value of real time-three dimensional echocardiography（RT-3DE） in evaluating the systolic function of the right ventricle. Methods：The right ventricular end diastolic volume（RVEDV），right ventricular end systolic volume（RVESV），right ventricular stroke volume（RVSV） and right ventricular ejection fraction（RVEF） were measured by RT-3DE and tri－cuspid regurgitation pressure gradient（TRPG） and systolic pulmonary artery pressure（SPAP） were measured by Doppler in 80 cases of acute pulmonary embolism. Eighty normal persons were taken as controls. Results：The values of RVEDV，TRPG and SPAP were increased but the values of RVSV and RVEF were decreased in the acute pulmonary embolism group compared with those in the nor－mal control group（P<0.05）. Conclusions：RT-3DE can reflect the changes of right ventricular systolic function objectively in patients with acute pulmonary embolism，which is helpful for the early diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective：To provide strong evidence for the rational use of antibiotics through investigating clinical distribution and drug resistance of 1 032 strains of extend-spectrum β-lactamases（ESBLs）-producing pathogenic bacteria. Methods：Clinical specimens were processed by laboratory methods for separation，cultivation and identification. Minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） was used for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Both results of antibiotic resistance and ESBLs were assessed according to the operating standards developed by the United States National Clinical Laboratory Standards Committee. Results：There were 600 strains of Eschericha coli，302 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 130 strains of Klebsiella oxytoca among the ESBLs-producing isolates. Eschericha coli showed high drug resistance to extended-spectrum penicillins，cephalosporins including the forthgeneration cephalosporin，single-ring lactams and part of aminoglycosides and the resistant rates were between 60% and 95%. While Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca showed higher resistance to extended-spectrum penicillins and resistant rates were between 90% and 100%. Their resistance rates to cephalosporins were all above 40%. Conclusions：The ESBLs-producing pathogenic strains show high drug resistance. We should use antibiotics reasonably in order to control bacterial drug resistance and to prevent the wide prevalence of resistant strains.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the efficacy and safety between Fondaparinux and low molecular weight heparin（LMWH） in treat－ing acute myocardial infarction（AMI） without revascularization at early stage. Methods:Three hundred and two patients with AMI without revascularization at early stage were randomly divided into Fondaparinux group（152 cases） and LMWH group（150 cases）. The cardiovascular event and bleeding incidences within 7 d and 30 d after the treatment in both group were observed. Results：The incidences of cardiovascular events （angina，recurrent myocardial infarction，death，vicious arrhythmia，heart failure） within 7 d in Fondaparinux group were obviously lower than those in LMWH group（8.6％ vs. 18.7％，2.6％ vs. 8.7％，2.6％ vs. 8.0％，3.6％ vs. 10.0％ and 11.8％ vs. 21.3％）. The incidences of major adverse cardiac events（recurrent myocardial infarction，death，refractory myocardial ischemia） within 30 d in Fondaparinux group were obviously lower than those in LMWH group（3.9％ vs. 10.0％，3.9％ vs. 10.7％，3.3％ vs. 13.3％ and 8.6％ vs. 21.3％）. There was no significant difference in incidences of bleeding events between the two groups. Conclusions：Fondaparinux can significantly reduce cardiovascular events without increasing bleeding events in patients with AMI but not undergoing revascularization at early stage.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treating residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） with flexible fiberscope（choledochofiberscope） in outpatient department. Methods：The patients with residual stones after PCNL were treated by flexible fiberscopy to deal with residual stones. The removal of the residual stones and patients’tolerance were observed. Results：There were 22 cases in 52 cases（42.3%） whose residual stones were cleared completely in one time. The residual stones were cleared completely in 38 cases（73.1%）. Conclusion：Application of flexible fiberscope（choledochofiberscope） in treating residual stones in outpatient department after PCNL is safe，economical and effective.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the safety between Angioseal closure device and manual compression homeostasis after performing coronary intervention through femoral artery puncture. Methods：Randomized double blind controlled trial was used. Totally 611 pa－tients treated with coronary intervention through femoral artery puncture from January 2008 to November 2011 were enrolled and di－vided into Angioseal closure device group and manual compression homeostasis group. Complications were compared between the two groups. Results：There was no difference in the overall complication rate between the two groups（P >0.05）. However，the compli－cation rate of Angioseal closure device group tended to increase at 24 h after the treatment（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Angioseal clo－sure device can not decrease complications because delayed complications may occur significantly after 24 h. Angioseal closure de－vice is not recommended to use after performing coronary intervention through femoral artery puncture.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the cause of hypoglycemia occurence in type 2 diabetes mollitus and to find the effective nursing strategies to guide the diabetic education in clinical and community practice. Methods：Totally 100 diabetic patients with hypoglycemia in our hospital from February 2006 to February 2010 were included in the study. The clinical manifestation，treatment schedule，age and time episodes at the onset of hypoglycemia，patients’ awareness of the disease and other causes were analyzed retrospectively. Re－sults：The cause of hypoglycemia was closely related with the treatment schedule，age and patients’ awareness of the disease. Con－clusions：There are many risk factors for hypoglycemia. Patients，family members，doctors and nurses should work collaboratively and pay more attention on them. Diabetic education on hypoglycemia should be enhanced widely and intensively in clinical and community practice.