Abstract:Objective：To examine expressions of embryo gene Tbx18 in adult mice after experimental myocardial infarction（MI）and to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of embryo gene Tbx18 from adult mice with injured myocardium. Methods：Totally 90 C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham group and MI group randomly. MI model of adult mice was induced by ligating the left anterior de－scending coronary artery on right lateral position. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were respectively used to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of Tbx18 in infraction and adjacent area of MI group on 1，3，5，7 d after operation，and comparison was made between MI group and sham group. Results：PCR results indicated a remarkable increase of Tbx18 mRNA in infraction and its adjacent tissues of MI group on 3，5 d after operation compared with those in sham group（F=2 778.88，P=0.000；F=462.36，P=0.000）. Results of Western blot showed that expressions of Tbx18 protein in mice infraction tissues reached the peak on 3，5 d after operation（compared those on 1 d after operation，t=7.982，P=0.000；t=9.307，P=0.000），which was consistent with PCR re－sults. Immunofluorescence results on 3，5 d after operation revealed that the expression area mainly located at infraction and its adja－cent area. Conclusions：A transient activation of embryo gene Tbx18 exists at infraction and its peripheral area in the adult mice with MI，especially on 3，5 d after operation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the protective effects of Xuemaitong capsule on experimental rats with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） and to explore its mechanism． Methods：Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups：model group，sham operation group，three different dose groups of Xuemaitong capsule preconditioning. Rats in model group were treated by continuous intragastric administra－tion for 14 d. After 14 d，myocardial infarction of all groups was established by ligation of coronary artery except sham operation group. Electrocardiogram was recorded before ligation and at １5，30，60，90，120 min and 24 h after ligation. Pathological changes and infarcted area of cardiac tissues were checked by HE staining combined with nitroblue tetrazolium staining.Immunohistochemical staining，RT-PCR and image analysis were used to measure expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9） and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） in the myocardial infarction. Results：J points in electrocardiogram in Xuemaitong capsule treated groups were elevated at differ－ent degrees compared with that in model group. Meanwhile，pathological alteration of myocardial infarction in Xuemaitong capsule treated groups was ameliorated compared with that in model group. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that protein and mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and NF-κB were decreased in high dose group and middle dose group（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusions：Xue－maitong capsule has protective effects on AMI of rats induced by ligation of coronary artery，decreased protein and mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and NF-κB may be one of the mechanisms.

Abstract:Objective：To observe whether myocardial protective effect of brain natriuretic peptide（BNP） which activate cyclic guano－sine monophosphate/protein kinase G（cGMP/PKG）signaling pathway is associated with the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase1/2（ERK1/2） and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase（PI3K） protein kinase. Methods：Totally 84 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups（n=12）：sham group，control group，BNP group，BNP + LY294002 group（LY294002 is PI3K inhibitor），LY294002 group，BNP + PD98059 group（PD98059 is ERK1/2 inhibitor） and PD98059 group. Occlusion of the left circumflex artery for 45 min followed by 180 min reperfusion was performed on rabbits in all groups except those in sham group. Rabbits in sham group were underwent open thoracotomy without ligating the left circumflex artery. Hemodynamic，electrocardiograph monitor were obtained. At the end of experiment，6 rabbit hearts were stained by Evan’s blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride methods to test the area of infarction. Expressions of P-Akt/Akt and P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 proteins in the rest hearts were analyzed by Western blot assay. Results：There was no significant difference in heart rate（HR） and mean arterial blood pressure（MABP） at baseline among seven groups（P >0.05）. Compared with the baseline，HR and MABP were significantly decreased during ischemia and reperfusion（I/R） period（P<0.05），HR and MABP remained relatively stable during the reperfusion period. There was no significant difference in the HR and MABP among seven groups during I/R period（P >0.05）. Rate of arrhythmia was significantly reduced in BNP group than in control group（P<0.003 125）. Rate of arrhythmia was significantly increased in BNP + LY294002 group，LY294002 group，BNP + PD98059 group and PD98059 group than in BNP group（P<0.003 125）. Differences in arrhythmia between BNP + LY294002 group and LY294002 group as well as BNP + PD98059 group and PD98059 group were not statistically significant（P >0.003 125）. Myocardial infarction did not occur in sham group. Myocardial infarction size was significantly smaller in BNP group than in control group（P<0.05）. Myocardial infarction size was significantly increased in BNP + LY294002 group，LY294002 group，BNP + PD98059 group and PD98059 group than in BNP group（P<0.05）. Differences in myocardial infarction size between BNP + LY294002 group and LY294002 group as well as BNP + PD98059 group and PD98059 group were not statistically significant（P >0.05）. Level of Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased significantly in BNP group than in control group（P<0.05）. Level of Akt phosphorylation in BNP + LY294002 group and level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation were significantly lower in BNP + PD98059 group than in BNP group（P<0.05）. Difference in Akt phosphorylation between BNP + LY294002 group and LY294002 group was not statistically significant（P >0.05）. There was also no difference in ERK1/2 phosphorylation between BNP + PD98059 group and PD98059 group（P >0.05）. Conclusions：Activation of cGMP/PKG signaling pathway by BNP exerts protective effect on myocardial I/R injury，which is associated with activation of reperfusion injury salvage kinase signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate changes in activity of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1（sVCAM-1） level，to discuss their correlation in patients with coronary heart dis－ease（CHD） and to explore their predictive value in occurrence，development and progress of CHD. Methods：Concentrations of plas－ma sVCAM-1 and NF-κB in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI），unstable angina pectoris（UAP） and stable angina pec－tori（SAP） as well as in health controls were determined by ELISA. NF-κB P65 expressiosns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by immunocytochemical staining and semiquantitative analysis. Results：Concentration of peripheral blood plasma sV－CAM-1 and NF-κB as well as NF-κB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher in AMI and UAP group than in health control group，with statistical differences（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.002），however，there was no obvious difference in above indicators between SAP group and health control group（P=0.329，P=0.819）. NF-κB and sVCAM-1 expressions were higher in AMI and UAP group than in SAP group，higher in AMI group than in UAP group（P=0.000，P=0.000）. Activity of NF-κB in mononu－clear cells of peripheral blood was significantly correlated with plasma sVCAM-1 in ACS group（r=0.657，P=0.009）. Conclusions：NF-κB and sVCAM-1 are closely related with atherosclerotic plaque stability and both are involved in the occurrence of CHD develop－ment. sVCAM-1 might contribute to the production of cytokines and chemokines by activating NF-κB，which ultimately results in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. NF-κB as a key transcription factor in inflammation may increase expression of sV－CAM-1.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effect of alcohol drinking on male sperm quality. Methods：Literatures on the relationship between drinking and male sperm quality were reviewed by conducting Meta analysis. Results：Six controlled studies on alcohol drinking and male infertility were included. Three aspects including sperm density（SD），sperm energy a+b（SEa+b），rate of teratospermia（RT） were focused. Combined mean differences（MDs） were -1.81（95%CI＝-4.68 to 1.06） in SD and -8.39（95%CI＝-19.22 to 2.43） in SEa+b；the difference of SD and SEa+b between drinking and non-drinking was not statistically significant：MD was 7.20（95%CI＝1.62 to 12.78） in RT，the difference of RT between drinking and non-drinking were statistically significant in Meta analysis. Conclusions：Alcohol drinking is a risk factor for male infertility and its main harm was to increase the RT.

Abstract:Objective：To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus-eluting stents（EES） versus sirolimus-eluting stents（SES） in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods：Databas－es such as PubMed，EMbase，Cochrane Library and CNKI were searched to collect all the randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of EES versus SES in patients with coronary artery disease from 2000 to 2012. After the data extraction and methodological quality evaluation，Meta analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0 software. Results：A total of 10 RCTs were included. Among 12 937 patients involved，6 378 were in EES group while the other 6 559 were in SES group. Results of Meta analysis showed that EES was superior to SES in reducing definite stent thrombosis rates（OR=0.47，95%CI=0.26 to 0.85，P=0.01）. In contrast，there were no significant differences between EES and SES in target-lesion revascularization rates（OR=0.85，95%CI=0.70 to 1.03，P=0.11），target-vessel revasculariza－tion rates（OR=0.92，95%CI=0.77 to 1.09，P=0.33），cardiac death rates（OR=0.91，95%CI=0.69 to 1.20，P=0.52），incidences of major adverse cardiac event（OR=0.89，95%CI=0.78 to 1.02，P=0.09） and recurrence rates of myocardial infarction（OR=0.95，95%CI=0.75 to 1.19，P=0.63）. Conclusions：EES is more effective than SES in reducing the rate of definite stent thrombosis.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the protective effect and safety of valsartan on left ventricular hypertrophy（LVH） in patients with essential hypertension. Methods：Database was retrieved including The Cochrane Library，Ovid，Pubmed，Medline，Embase，CBM，CNKI，VIP and Wan Fang（by the end of December 2012）. Relevant magazines were retrieved manually. Baidu，Google and other re－sources on the internet were used for references. Simple evaluation method was recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and two reviewers independently evaluated and cross-checked the quality of the included studies. Studies were screened according to prede－fined inclusion and exclusion criteria and the methodological quality was critically evaluated. Data analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. Results：A total of 291 papers were retrieved，7（6 Chinese and 1 English papers） randomized controlled trials（RCTs） were finally included. Meta analyses showed that：①effective rate：there was no difference in lowing systolic blood pressure（SBP） and diastolic blood pressure（DBP） between the valsartan group and amlodipine group，however，there were statistical differences in reversing LVH between the valsartan group and amlodipine group with better effect in valsartan group（MD=12.10，95%CI＝6.61 to 17.60，P=0.000）. ②incidence of adverse events：there was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between valsartan group and amlodipine group（OR=0.54，95%CI=0.25 to 1.16，P=0.120）. Conclusions：Valsartan is superior to the amlodipine in the treatment of LVH of hypertension. Because of the small sample，low methodological quality and lack of experimental research on clinical events，it is necessary to conduct more large-scale，high-quality and multicenter RCTs in the future.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of D2 lymphadenectomy and D3 lymphadenectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer. Methods：PubMed，Cochrane Library，Chinese biomedicine literature database，Chinese journal full-text database and Chinese scientific journal full-text database were searched to identify randomized controlled trials（RCTs） comparing D2 with D3 lym－phadenectomy for gastric cancer. We also hand-searched related key Chinese journals to identify potential studies. Quality of the included studies was assessed and Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. Results：Six RCTs were included. Meta analysis showed that there was no significant difference between D2 group and D3 group in terms of postoperative mortality（odds ratio（OR）=1.01，95％confidence interval（95％CI）=0.44 to 2.32），incidence of overall postoperative complications（OR=1.53，95%CI=0.81 to 2.89），five-year overall survival rate（OR=1.08，95%CI=0.81 to 1.44） and recurrence rate（OR=0.89，95%CI=0.67 to 1.81）（P=0.980，0.190，0.590，0.410）. D3 group had higher incidence of postoperative lymphatic fistula（OR=0.66，95%CI=0.01 to 0.50）and in－tractable diarrhea（OR=0.11，95%CI=0.01 to 0.90），but D2 group had higher pulmonary infection rate（OR=3.71，95%CI=1.43 to 9.61） when doing comparison with statistical differences（P=0.009，0.040，0.007）. No difference was found between two groups regarding incidence of anastomotic leakage，pancreatic fistula，abdominal abscess，upper gastrointestinal bleeding，wound infection，reoperation rate and intestinal obstruction（P=0.240，0.500，0.080，0.400，0.710，0.570，0.960）. D3 group had longer operation time（weighted mean difference（WMD）=-154.86，95%CI=1.04 to 4.18） and more intraoperative blood loss voulme（WMD=301 ml，95％CI=151.55 to 450.45） compared with those of D2 group（P=0.008，0.000）. No statistically significant difference was existed in mean intraoperative blood transfusion volume（WMD=-138.47 ml，95%CI=-379.96 to -103.01） and hospitalization time（WMD=1.77 d，95%CI=-1.65 to 5.15）between groups（P=0.31，0.26）. Conclusions：Current evidence suggests that D3 lymphadenectomy has no survival advantage and has higher operation risk when compared with D2 lym－phadenectomy，therefore is not recommend for routine use.

Abstract:Objective：To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with ntrap for upper urethral calculi. Methods：All randomized clinical trials and case-controlled studies of ntrap during ureteroscopic lithotripsy（URL） for upper urethral calculi were identified with PubMed，Cochrane Librily，Embase，WangFang and CNKI. Quality assessments of litera－tures and data extraction were independently performed by two reviewers. Meta analysis was performed with Revman 5.0. Results：Two randomized trails and 2 case-controlled studies involving 682 patients were collected. Meta-analysis demonstrated that：ntrap group demonstrated a significant advantage over control group in terms of calculi clearance rate（OR=4.28，95%CI=2.51 to 7.28，P=0.000）. Incidences of calculi migration and auxiliary lithotripsy were significantly lower in ntrap group than in control group（OR=0.09，95%CI=0.01 to 0.62，P=0.01；OR=0.18，95%CI=0.05 to 0.67，P=0.010）. There was no statistical difference in mean operation time between the two groups（WMD=-0.09，95%CI=-10.25 to 10.06，P=0.990）. Conclusions：URL combined with ntrap for upper urethral calculi had higher calculi clearance rate，lower incidence of calculi migration and auxiliary lithotripsy than URL without ntrap.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy pars plana vitrectomy（PPV） assisted by bevacizumab in the treatment of proliferative di－abetic retinopathy（PDR）. Methods：Databases of cochrane library，medline，embase，Chinese biomedical literature database（CBM），VIP，CNKI，Wanfang digital journals were searched for randomized controlled trials（RCTs） or comparative study of bevacizumab ad－juvant PPV in treatment of PDR. Quality of enrolled literatures was assessed and software of Rev Man 5.1 was employed to conduct Meta analysis. Results：A total of 8 RCTs were included，including 319 eyes（experimental group：167 eyes，control group：152 eyes）. Meta analysis results suggested that the experimental group had better visual acuity recovery（OR=-0.37，95%CI=-0.45 to -0.30，P=0.000） and shorter mean operation time than controls（MD=-17.37，95%CI=-29.32 to -5.42，P=0.004）. Moreover，cases having less intraoperative bleeding（OR=0.06，95%CI=0.02 to 0.18，P=0.000），endodiathermy frequency（OR=0.07，95%CI=0.02 to 0.22），P=0.000），iatrogenic retinal tear（MD=-17.37，95%CI=-29.32 to -5.42，P=0.004） and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage（OR=0.36，95%CI=0.20 to 0.64，P=0.000） were fewer in experiment group than in control group. There was no significant differences in retinal detach－ment（OR=0.35，95%CI=0.12 to 1.01，P=0.050） and intraocular pressure（OR=0.48，95%CI=0.18 to 1.23，P=0.130） between the two groups. Conclusions：Bevacizumab assisted vitrectomy for PDR is more effective than single PPV treatment and it can reduce postop－erative complications.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the value of proximal gastrectomy（PG） and total gastrectomy（TG） in the treatment of proximal gastric cancer. Methods：Studies comparing TG to PG for proximal gastric cancer were collected. Outcome measures included harvested LNs，blood loss，operation time，postoperative complication，mortality，5-year overall survival rate，recurrence rate as well as nutritional states. Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0. Results：Twenty five researches were included in these studies. Three of which were randomly controlled studies. There was no significant differences in postoperative complication（OR=1.93，95%CI＝0.97 to 3.85，P=0.060），anastomotic leak（OR=0.74，95%CI=0.31 to 1.76，P=0.490），intestinal obstruction（OR=0.45，95%CI=0.13 to 1.50，P=0.190），reflux esophagitis（OR=4.82，95%CI=0.94 to 24.62，P=0.060），recurrence rate（OR=2.45，95%CI=0.96 to 6.25，P=0.060），5-year over－all survival rate（OR=1.03，95%CI=0.55 to 1.93，P=0.930），mortality（OR=1.35，95%CI=0.73 to 2.50，P=0.340）. While there were significant differences in the harvested LNs（WMD=-11.14，95%CI=-17.81 to -4.48，P=0.001），blood loss（WMD=-425.60，95%CI= -559.75 to -291.46，P=0.000），operation time（WMD=-37.24，95%CI=-62.76 to -11.72，P=0.004），anastomotic stenosis（OR=2.65，95%CI=1.11 to 6.33，P=0.030）. Harvested LNs and anastomotic stenosis in TG group were better than those in PG group；blood loss and operation time in PG group were better than those in TG group. Conclusion：TG has better long-term therapetic effect. in the treatment of proximal gastric cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of Ezrin protein in colorectal cancer with a sys－tematic review. Methods：Published studies were searched in EBSCO，EBMR+Journals，Pubmed，Wangfang databases，CNKI，VIP and quality of the included studies was assessed. Meta analysis of enrolled studies was performed by Reman 5.0 software. Results：Totally 14 studies were selected for this Meta analysis，including 1 383 colorectal caner cases and 298 normal controls. Results of Meta anal－ysis showed that ①There were significant differences in positive rate of Ezrin expression between colorectal cancer tissues and normal tissues（OR=15.72，95％CI=10.56 to 23.41，P=0.000）. ②Ezrin expression were associated with lymph node metastasis（OR=2.96，95％CI=1.69 to 5.19，P=0.000），Duke classification（OR=0.17，95％CI=0.08 to 0.37，P=0.000），infiltration depth（OR=0.56，95％CI=0.36 to 0.85，P=0.007），histological subtype（OR=0.37，95％CI=0.19 to 0.69，P=0.002） but not associated with sex（OR=1.19，95％CI=0.89 to 1.58，P=0.240），age（OR=1.15，95％CI=0.69 to 1.91，P=0.600），tumor length（OR=1.07，95％CI=0.66 to 1.73，P=0.790）. Conclusions：Expression of Ezrin in colorectal cancer is high. High expression of Ezrin may play an important role in metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To systemically evaluate risk factors for suicidal behaviors in Chinese population with depression. Methods：Quantitative comprehensive analysis was made on 28 domestic literatures concerning risk factors for suicidal behaviors in Chinese population with depression，both evaluating the consistency of researches and calculating pooled OR and 95% confidential interval （95%CI） of risk factors for suicidal behaviors by Review manager 5.0. Results：Pooled OR（95%CI） were：hopelessness 6.98（5.27，9.23）；anxiety 2.24（1.75，2.88）；insight disorder 2.33（1.69，3.2）；hallucination 3.43（2.57，4.28）；sleeping disorder 2.72（1.89，3.91）；guilty 2.45（1.94，3.08）；suicidal family history 1.7（1.24，2.31）；Hamilton depression scale（HAMD） scores 6.15（3.78，8.52）；delayed or association disturbance 0.53（0.38，0.75）；female 1.11（1.03，1.21）；cholesterol -0.55（-0.71，-0.38）；drinking 1.7（1.11，2.61）；mar－ried 1.7（1.15，2.50）；negative life events 3.94（3.04，5.11）；introversion 2.03（1.3，3.04）. Conclusions：High HAMD scores，symptoms of hopelessness，anxiety，insight disorder，hallucination，sleeping disorder，suicidal family history，drinking history，married，introversion，low cholesterol level，and negative life events are risk factors for suicidal behaviors in Chinese population with depression.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the characteristics of CT findings of adrenal ganglioneuroma and to improve its diagnostic accuracy. Methods：CT findings and surgical pathological results of 5 patients with confirmed adrenal ganglioneuroma were retrospectively re－viewed and compared. Results：All 5 cases appeared as solitary lesion and all tumors were well defined，having embedded growth along the adjacent organs and blood vessels. Among the 5 cases，3 cases in the shape of water droplet located between diaphragmatic feet and inferior vena cava and 2 cases in the shape of leaflet located behind spleen vein. Plain scanning showed that 5 tumors，whose CT values were 24-35 HU，were uniformly low density and punctate calcification was observed inside 1 tumor. Enhanced scanning showed unobvious enhancement in the 5 cases during arterial phase and slight delayed enhancement in 3 cases during nephrographic phase，including 1 case with linear moderate delayed enhancement and 2 cases with unobvious enhancement. Conclusions：CT findings of adrenal ganglioneuroma have distinctive characteristics，which is helpful to diagnosis and differential diagnosis before operation.

Abstract:In this study，application and relationship between multislice CT（MSCT） pulmonary functional imaging technology and pulmonary function test in patients with airway lesions were reviewed. First，airway lesions and its causes in patients with chronic ob－structive pulmonary disease（COPD） were elaborated. Then limitation of traditional evaluation method for airway lesion（pulmonary function test） was analyzed. On this basis，function and advantages of MSCT was evaluated. Comprehensive analysis was conducted on the relationship between results of MSCT pulmonary functional imaging technology and pulmonary function test by referring to findings of other scholars. Use of MSCT provides a favorable basis and valuable information for quantitative evaluation of patients with COPD airway lesions. MSCT pulmonary functional imaging technology has significant correlation with pulmonary function test and can reflect airway disease preferably. It is an effective imaging tool for diagnozing COPD and evaluating pulmonary functional level.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging（DTI） and diffusion tensor tractography（DTT） on L4，L5，S1 nerve roots of normal adults and to analyze the diffusion parameters. Methods：DTI and DTT were performed on 20 healthy volun－teers at Philips Achieva 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner. Fractional anisotropy（FA） and apparent diffusion coefficient（ADC） of the nerve roots（L4，L5，S1） were measured and results of DTI and DTT were obtained. Results：Twenty volunteers were successful recon－structed by DTI and DTT. L4，L5，S1 nerve roots could show clearly on the DTT map. Average FA and ADC values of healthy volunteers （L4，L5，S1） were 0.395±0.146 and （1.288±0.116） mm2/s，0.390±0.122 and （1.297±0.087） mm2/s，0.387±0.117 and （1.294±0.132） mm2/s，respectively. There was no significant difference of diffusion tensor parameters between bilateral nerve roots（P >0.05） and between upper and lower nerve roots（P >0.05）. Conclusions：DTI and DTT on L4，L5，S1 nerve roots of normal adults are feasible. DTI and DTT can show the architecture of the nerve roots and provide quantitative information for further research of the nerve root diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effects of different reconstruction methods of digital tomosynthesis on pulmonary ground glass nodules detection using a chest anthropomorphic phantom. Methods：Using the methods of shift-add（SA） and filtered back projection （FBP） to reconstruct image respectively after scanning the phantom implanted with simulation nodules. Two radiologists counted the positive nodules and evaluated the effect of pulmonary nodules detection by two methods. Results：Total detection rates of pulmonary nodules by FBP（thickness++） and SA were 71.67% and 26.67%，with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. Total detection rates of pulmonary nodules by FBP（thickness） was higher than other four kinds of FBP but without statistically significant differences（P >0.05）. Conclusions：DTS is an important supplement of digital radiography and CT；the method of FBP is better than SA in pul－monary nodule detecting.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the differences of hepatic lobe volume and distribution in patients with different causes of liver cirrhosis（LC） by measuring caudate lobe volume（CV），left medial liver lobe volume（LMV），left lateral liver lobe volume（LLV），right anterior liver lobe volume（RAV），right posterior liver lobe volume（RPV），left liver lobe volume（LV），right liver lobe volume（RV），and total liver volume（TLV） using 320 slice CT. Methods：A volume CT scan was performed in 107 patients with LC of 4 different causes（alcohol，hepatitis B virus（HBV），cryptogenic and cholestatic cirrhosis）. Volume of the each liver lobe was measured respec－tively，and the total liver volume and the percentage of each lobe in the liver were also calculated. Results：CV，LMV，RAV，RPV，RV，LV and TLV were larger in alcoholic cirrhosis group than in cryptogenic and cholestatic cirrhosis groups（P<0.008 33）. CV was larger in cholestatic cirrhosis group than in HBV cirrhosis group（P=0.000）. CV/TLV was smaller in HBV cirrhosis group than in alcoholic cirrhosis group and cholestatic cirrhosis group（P=0.002，P=0.000）. RPV/TLV was smaller in cholestatic cirrhosis group than in HBV cirrhosis group and alcoholic cirrhosis group（P=0.005，P=0.008）. RPV/RV was smaller in cholestatic cirrhosis group than in HBV cir－rhosis group，alcoholic cirrhosis group and cryptogenic cirrhosis group（P=0.001，P=0.005，P=0.006）. Conclusions：There are differences in the changes of the hepatic lobe volume and distribution in patients with different causes of LC by the quantitative analysis of liver lobes volume using 320 slice CT.Changes of the hepatic volume are correlated with the causes of liver cirrhosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） characteristics of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy（nWE）. Methods：We conducted a review on clinical characteristics and MRI features of 10 nWE cases. Results：Among 10 patients with varying degrees of central nervous system symptoms，only 2 had a typical triad. On MRI，6 out of 10 patients had evidences of symmetric lesions in the medial thalami，periaqueductal area and periventricular gray matter located anteriorly to the fourth ventricle；among the 6 patients，signal-intensity alterations were appeared in the medial vestibular nuclei in 3 patients，in the facial nuclei and the prepositus hypoglossal nuclei in 2 patients，in the mamillary bodies in 1 patient. Lesions were enhanced by differ－ent degrees on enhanced T1WI，periaqueductal gray matter showing characteristic ‘Ω’ shape. One patient with cortical damage died. Dynamic observations suggested that internal lesions of bilateral thalamus developed a little bleeding in 1 patient. Diffusion weighted imaging can’t find more abnormal regions. In 1 patient，3D proton magnetic vesonance spectroscopy showed low levels of N-acetylas－partate/creatine and a lactate peak in the medial thalami and periaqueductal area. In all patients，no atrophy of the mammillary bodies and cerebellar vermis was found. Conclusions：MRI is an effective method to investigate neurologic complications associated with nWE. The medial thalami，periaqueductal area，periventricular gray matter located anteriorly to the fourth ventricle and the cranial nerve nuclei involvement are characteristic findings of nWE. Cortical involvement in patients with nonalcoholic WE may be indicative of a poor prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound（CEUS） in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods：Dynamic contrast infusion process of 184 thyroid nodules was retrospectively observed in comparison with adjacent thyroid parenchyma. Evaluation criterions were as follows：the time and the pattern of contrast up-take，contrast intensity，time of peak，contrast-enhancement distribution（homogeneous or inhomogeneous），well-defined or not，ring enhancement or not，contrast wash-out early or not. Results：There were statistically significant differences in enhancement patterns between benign and malignant nodules（P<0.001）. Most benign thyroid nodules in CEUS showed synchronal，homogeneous isoenhancement or hyperenhancement and ring enhancement. While most malignant ones showed centripetal and heterogeneous hypoenhancement，contrast up-take latter but earlier diffusion mode. Among all evaluation criterions，early diffusion had the highest sensitivity（92.2%），and up-take latter，cen－tripetal，hypoenhancement had high specificity. Conclusions：Analysis of enhancement patterns is valuable in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Contrast up-take latter，centripetal enhancement，heterogeneous hypoenhancement and earlier diffusion help the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules while ring enhancement helps the diagnosis of benign ones.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize ultrasonographic manifestations of plasma cell mastitis in 213 cases and to analyze reasons of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods：Ultrasonographic manifestations of 213 cases of plasma cell mastitis testifed by pathology and reasons of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were retrospectively studied. Results：Among 213 cases，209 cases were detected lesions by ultrasond，including 195 limited and single lesions and 14 ductal ectasia lesions. Forty-eight cases were diagnosed as plas－ma cell mastitis by ultrasond and diagnosis accuracy rate was 22.54%；40 cases were misdiagnosed，misdiagnosis rate was 18.78%；4 cases were missed diagnosed，missed diagnosis rate was 1.88%.Utrasonographic manifestations of 209 cases included：ductal ectasia in 14 cases，cyst in 22 cases，solid nodule in 110 cases and mixed cystic and solid nodule in 63 cases. Internal blood flow signals were detected in 146 cases，rich in 94 cases. Conclusions：Ultrasonographic manifestations of plasma cell mastitis are varied and complex and it is uneasy to make correct diagnosis. Careful observations of ultrasonographic manifestations combined with clinical features are required in order to improve the diagnosis accuracy.

Abstract:Objective：To construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying let-7a and to establish the Ewing’s sarcoma（ES） cell line A673 and SK-ES-1 stably expressing let-7a. Methods：Fragment of attB1-K- eGFP-let-7a-1-attB2 coding let-7a was amplified using Gateway protocols. The let-7a gene was recombined with donor vector pDONR221 to construct an entry plasmid pDONR221-eGFP-let-7a，which forwarded to recombine with pLV.Des2d.P/neo to reconstruct pLV.Des2d.P/neo-EF1A>eGFP/Let-7a. PCR and se－quencing were used to confirm the plasmid. Lenti-let-7a transfected ES cell lines A673/let-7a and SK-ES-1/let-7a which can sta－bly express let-7a were screened out. A673/let-7a and SK-ES-1/let-7a were confirmed by real-time PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of CDK6 in A673/let-7a and SK-ES-1/let-7a cells，which was the target gene of let-7a. Results：PCR results confirmed that the value of target fragment was consistent with the theoretic value. Sequencing analysis showed that let-7a was correctly inserted into the pLV.Des2d.P/neo-EF1A>eGFP/let-7a plasmid. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of let-7a was increased remarkably in A673/let-7a and SK-ES-1/let-7a compared with that of control and blank cells；expressing values of let-7a were as high as 8.5 folds（P=0.000） and 6.5 folds（P=0.001） in A673/let-7a and SK-ES-1/let-7a respectively. Western blot analysis showed that ectopic expression of let-7a down-regulated the expression of CDK6. Conclusions：ES cell lines A673/let-7a and SK-ES-1/let-7a which can stably express let-7a are successfully established.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate effects of methods of pre-processing and variant filtering on variant recognition in analyzing whole exome sequencing data. Methods：Through the calculation of depth of coverage（DP），number of variants，transition/transversion and non-reference concordance，we compared the effects of different pre-processing methods（FASTX-Toolkit，Trimmomatic and non treat－ment） and strategies of single-end（SE） inclusion and ‘Hard’ filter and variants quality score recalibration（VQSR） on variants call－ing in variants filter using whole exome sequencing data from two test samples. Results：Trimmomatic pre-processed reads showed similar DP to reads without pre-processing，but significantly higher than that of FASTX-Toolkit pre-processed reads. With DP ≥10× and genotype quality（GQ）≥20，number of called single nucleotide variants（SNV） identified by Trimmomatic was greater than that identified by FASTX-Toolkit，but similar to that without pre-processing. With the inclusion of SE，number of variants increased signif－icantly for FASTX-Toolkit pre-processing（28%） than Trimmomatic pre-processing（5%）. In the all settings，‘Hard’ filtering filtered less SNVs than VQSR filtering in small sample size. Conclusions：Sequence reads are trimmed and/or filtered moderately by Trim－momatic，whereas they seemed to be over-filtered by FASTX-Toolkit. Keeping the SE is good for variants recognition in the down－stream analysis. The ‘Hard’ filtering showed a more favorable tolerability profile than ‘VQSR’ filtering.

Abstract:Objective：To explore a method to isolate and detect T follicular helper（Tfh） cells. Methods：Tfh cell in human peripheral blood was isolated by density gradient centrifugation（DGC） plus magnetic-activated cell sorting（MACS） plus flow cytometric sorting（FCS）. Cell purity and cell activity were detected by flow cytometry（FCM）；relative expressions of Bcl6 mRNA by real-time PCR；expressions，location and morphology of cell surface molecules CD4 and CXCR5 by confocal laser scanning microscopy，function by FCM. Results：①After sorting，purity of Tfh cell（87.69±5.01）%，was significantly enhanced before sorting（P<0.05） and cell activity was （98.21±0.85）%. ②Expressions of special transcription factor of Tfh cells-Bcl6 were significantly increased after sorting com－pared with those before sorting（P<0.05）；after sorting，the purity of the cell was high. ③Morphology of Tfh cell was complete；green fluorescence of CD4 and CXCR5 was expressed in cell membrane and can be fused. ④Expressions of Tfh cell function related cell sur－face molecules PD-1，ICOS and CD40L can be dected by FCM. Conclusions：Tfh cell with high purity and activity can be sorted through ways of density gradient centrifugation plus MACS plus FCM，then the function of them can be tested by FCM.

Abstract:Objective：To construct inducible lentiviral vector containing human miR-302/367 and study its gene expression of miR-302a/b/c/d and miR-367 and downstream gene expression of OCT4，SOX2 and NANOG in HeLa cells. Methods：pri-mir-302/367 gene was amplified by PCR from human genomic DNA and was cloned into pLVX-TRE vector to construct the recombinant lentiviral vector. The ligation was analyzed by digestion and confirmed by sequencing. Then the recombinant vectors were transfected into 293FT cells and the lentiviral viruses were harvested from 293FT cells. After determining the titer，viruses were used to infect HeLa cells. RNA was extracted for real-time PCR to detect the expressions of miR-302/367 and its downstream genes and the expression were devict－ed into DOX+ group，DOX- group and blank group. Results：Digestion and sequencing demonstrated successful construction of recom－binant inducible lentiviral vector miR-302/367. The virus titers were 5×106 TU/ml. After 72 h introduction with DOX，the results of real-time PCR shown that miR-302/367 and pluripotent related genes（OCT4，SOX2 and NANOG） were significantly upregulated in DOX group compared with those in blank group and DOX- group（P＜0.05，miR-302a：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.032，PDOX vs. blank=0.048；miR-302b：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.001，PDOX vs. blank=0.001；miR-302c：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.000，PDOX vs. blank=0.000；miR-302d：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.002，PDOX vs. blank=0.047；miR-367：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.001，PDOX vs. blank=0.001；OCT4：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.000，PDOX vs. blank=0.001；SOX2：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.000，PDOX vs. blank=0.000；NANOG：PDOX vs. DOX-=0.000，PDOX vs. blank=0.000），while there was no significant difference between DOX group and blank group（P ＞0.05，miR-302a：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.057；miR-302b：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.832；miR-302c：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.445；miR-302d：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.979；miR-367：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.161；OCT4：P blank vs. DOX-=0.051；SOX2：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.060；NANOG：Pblank vs. DOX-=0.078）. Conclusions：The recombinant in－ducible lentiviral vector containing pri-mir-302/367 can be successfully constructed，which lay a solid foundation for further study the reprogramming of miR-302/367 in the following experiments.

Abstract:Objective：To prepare the recombinant adenoviruses carrying gene fragment PreS1 and to detect tropism of liver cell infect－ed-virus. Methods：Fiber DNA gene fragment containing PreS1 gene was designed and amplified and inserted into the pAdEasy-1. Fiber DNA gene fragment replaced wild fiber DNA fragment then produced rAd-preS1 by homogenous recombination. After being confirmed by restriction enzyme digesion，human embryonic kidney cell lines were transfected with pAd-preS1 to get rAd-preS1. Protein expression of preS1 was detected by Western blot. Human normal live cell L02，human lung cancer cell A549，human larngy－neal cancer cell Hep2，human overian cancer cell SKOV3 were infected with rAd-preS1 respectively and rAd was taken as negative control group. Green fluorescent protein（GFP） expression of each cell were observed and manifested by virus titers. Results：Restric－tion digestion confirmed the consistent of recombinant vertor. Western blot results showed that protein molecular weight was about 63 kD fragment stripe. Transfection results showed that GFP expression were higher in L02 group than in A549，Hep2，SKOV3 groups（P value were 0.000）. There was no staitical differnece in GFP expression among A549，Hep2 and SKOV3 groups（P >0.05）. There was no staitical differnece in GFP expression among control groups（P >0.05）. Conclusions：Recombinant adenovirus vector rAd-preS1 demonstrate its function of tropism to liver cell in vitro，which will be the foundation for the research of gene therapy of PreS1 for hepatic diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To construct small hairpin RNA driven by tumor specific promoter Survivin and to discuss the effects of down-regulating CD133 expression in HepG-2 cells line on proliferative and invasive ability of hepatoma cell. Methods：①pEntr-Sur-shRNA eukaryotic expression vector was built and HepG-2 cells，Hela cells and 293T cells were transfected. ②shRNA interference fragments were designed and CD133 interference fragments with the best effect were screened out. Carriers were reconstructed；Ad.Surp-shRNA972，Ad.Surp-shRNA485，Ad.Surp-shRNA2377 adenovirus were packed；stable expression of shRNA transfection cloning was screened out 972，2377，485 experimental groups were established by transfecting HepG-2 cells with Ad.Surp-shRNA972，Ad.Surp-shRNA2377，Ad.Surp-shRNA485；untransfected group was taken as blank control group RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test CD133 mRNA and protein expression；MTT and Transwell method were used to detect the proliferative and invasive ability of cell in vitro. Results：①Survivin promoter regulated shRNA eukaryotic expression vector of pEntr-Sur-shRNA was successful con－structed. Fluorescence was seen in Hela and HepG-2 cells but not in 293T cells indicating tumor specificity of Survivin promoter. ②Adenovirus of Ad.Surp-shRNA972，Ad.Surp-shRNA2377 and Ad.Surp-shRNA485 were successfully packaged. ③According to results of RT-PCR and Western blot，mRNA and protein levels were inhibited significantly by Ad.Surp-shRNA972 and Ad.Surp-shRNA2377 mRNA inhibition rates were（63.44±0.02）% and （56.98±0.03）% in experiment group and blank group and protein inhibition rates were （55.43±0.40）%，（48.65±0.20）%，（34.67±0.4０）% in Ad.Surp-shRNA972 group，Ad.Surp-shRNA2377 group and Ad.Surp-shRNA485 group. Cell proliferative and invasive abilities of cells in experiment group were inhibited with inhibi－tion rates of （72.88±0.74）%，（59.9±0.87）% and （30.18±0.95）% in Ad.Surp-shRNA972 group，Ad.Surp-shRNA2377 group and Ad.Surp-shRNA485 group. Conclusions：Tumor specific promoter Survivin regulating adenovirus mediated shRNA can decrease CD133 suppression and inhibit proliferation and invasiveness of HepG-2 hepatoma cell.

Abstract:Objective：To construct and identify the recombinant adenovirus vector of a short hairpin RNA（shRNA） targeting HBx. Methods：U6 expression promoter and shRNA of pGenesil-1-HBx-shRNA and pGenesil-1-Scramble sequence，which was construct－ed and identified in our previous experiment，were subcloned to pAdTrack-CMV shuttle plasmid，and further identified by enzyme di－gestion and DNA sequence analysis. Recombinant shuttle plasmids were restrictedly digested with PmeⅠ，and subsequently trans－formed into competent AdEasier E.coli for homologous recombinant to obtain the adenovirus plasmids pAd-U6-HBx-shRNA and pAd-U6-Scramble sequence（control）. Recombinants were digested with PacⅠand finally transfected into AD293 for packaging. Re－combinant adenoviruses Ad-U6-HBx-shRNA and Ad-U6-Scramble sequence were amplified in AD293 and the titers were deter－mined. Expression of HBx gene was identified by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Results：Recombinant adenovirus plasmid was cor－rectly constructed. Real-time PCR proved that the expression of HBx was reduced by Ad-U6-HBx-shRNA（P=0.01）. Conclusions：Recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-U6-HBx-shRNA is correctly constructed，and it could inhibit HBx expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. This recombinant adenovirus vector provides a useful tool for further study of HBx function.