Abstract:purpose： individual guidance have the influences on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using a mechanical ventilation for the first time。Method：93 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients were randomized into control group (46) and the observation group (47). The control group patients were treated in traditional routine; the observation group patients were implemented by individual guidance on the basis of conventional treatment. An evaluation was given among the two groups by different time without breathing machine, tolerance rate, arterial blood gas results, the mechanical ventilation rate and the number of total of patients in ICU.Result：Individualized instruction help to improve patient use breathing machine which promoter noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

Abstract:Objective To study effects of modified low potassium dextran solution , sodium nitroprusside on endothelin-1 , situ single-lung ischemia

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of integrated care intervention for cervical cancer patients with psychological and immune parameters, in order to establish a system of clinical care interventions that guide clinical practice. Methods: 128 cases of cervical cancer patients were selected from May 2009 to February 2012 in our hospital, they were divided into the integrated care intervention group and usual care group, then compared the effect psychological characteristics of patients and the associated immune indicators. Results: The SDS and the SAS score of observation group intervention was significantly lower (P <0.01), but there was no significant changes of control group (P> 0.05). After the intervention, the two scores observation groupt were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.01) ; two groups of patients after the intervention of T lymphocyte subsets CD3 , CD4 , CD8 and CD4 / CD8 ratio were improved to varying degrees, but the observation group were significantly better than the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: The clinical care combined with psychological intervention can significantly improve the level of mental health, increase immunity level, enhance the treatment outcome of cervical cancer patients, besides, it can improve prognosis, and it is important to regard the clinical care.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To determine the effect of Recovery and Benefiting kidney soup（R

Abstract:【】 Objective To investigate the effect of indwelling catheter thrombolysis on deep venous thrombosis(DVT) of lower extremity and the related nursing process. Methods: 245 cases of mixed deep venous thrombosis, received traditional therapy combined with indwelling catheter thrombolysis were retrospected. Results: In all of the 245 cases, 219 were clinically cured(89.39%), 26(10.61%) were markedly improved, the overall effective rate is 100%. Conclusion: The indwelling catheter thrombolysis is effective for DVT. The perioperation nursing,timely observation,prevention and handling of complications are the guarantees for elevation the therapeutic effect, prevention pulmonary embolism, decreases the sequelaes of disease.

Abstract:Objective：To observe effects of individualized guidance on compliance of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis－ease（COPD） using noninvasive mechanical ventilation for the first time. Methods：Totally 93 patients with COPD were randomized into control group（n=46） and observation group（n=47）. Patients in control group were treated with traditional routine while those in observation group were implemented by individualized guidance on the basis of conventional treatment. Evaluation was made on com－pliance of patients using noninvasive mechanical ventilation for the first time according to patients’ tolerance to noninvasive ventilator at different time periods，arterial blood gas results，invasive mechanical ventilation rate and duration in ICU. Results：Rate of intubation was 23.91% in control group and hospitalized days in control group were （15.00±2.80） d. Rate of intubation in observation group was 8.51% and hospitalized days in observation group were （9.70±2.10） d. There were significant differences between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Individualized instruction helps to improve compliance of patients using noninvasive mechanical ventilation thus to promote noninvasive ventilation rate.

Abstract:Objective：To know about the changing tendency of anxiety and depression，to probe into influencing factors of breast can－cer during chemotherapy and to discuss intervention measures. Methods：Anderson symptom survey scale and hospital anxiety and de－pression scales were used to evaluate 194 patients with breast cancer who planed to adopt（docetaxel，doxorubicin，cyclophosphamide chemotherapy regimen after operation. Evaluation was made on these patients at least 24 h before chemotherapy and every 5-7 d after chemotherapy. Results：Anxiety and depression levels of patients with breast cancer presented a certain changing tendency，which were the most serious at first，then significantly reduced after the first chemotherapy，but reached the peak after the third chemotherapy，then got better gradually. Anxiety and depression levels were always positive correlated during the whole process of chemotherapy and there were different symptoms affecting anxiety and depression levels at different courses of chemotherapy. Conclu－sions：Nurses should enhance the psychological care for patients with breast cancer during the chemotherapy，give preventative and targeted nursing care to alleviate the patients’ anxiety and depression levels.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the incidence and severity of fatigue，disturbed sleep，pain and distress and to examine whether the above four symptoms occur in symptom cluster during the trajectory of disease. Methods：This cross-sectional study design was as－sessed by M.D. Anderson symptom inventory and quality of life instruments for cancer patients-lung cancer. Three-hundred and eighty four individuals were involved in the survey. Results：There were significant inter-correlations among fatigue，disturbed sleep，pain and distress（r=0.474-0.716，P＜0.01）. About 9.1%（n=35） and 21.1%（n=81） patients reported co-occurrence of any two and any three symptoms of fatigue，disturbed sleep，pain and distress and 62.8%（n=241） patients reported co-occurrence of all four symptoms. Negative relationship was found between the top four symptoms and subscale/total scores of life quality. Conclusions：Fatigue，disturbed sleep，pain and distress are the most common and severe symptoms of patients with lung cancer，which exert negatively effects on life quality through symptom cluster.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the effects of intermittent pneumatic compression（IPC） and graded compression elastic stocking（GCS） on lower limb venous hemodynamics of patients with postoperative esophageal cancer. Methods：Totally 45 patients with esophageal cancer after thoracotomy were chosen as subjects and were randomly divided into one control group and two intervention groups（GCS and IPC groups. Traditional nursing care was provided for patients in control group while IPC and GCS were carried out for patients in intervention groups. Hemodynamics parameters of the femoral vein including peak venous velocity，average venous velocity and unit time blood flow were compared among the three groups. Results：Hemodynamics indexes（including peak venous velocity，average ve－nous velocity and unit time blood flow） were higher in intervention groups than in control group（GCS group vs. control group：P=0.023，0.032，0.045；IPC group vs. control group：P=0.000，0.000，0.000）.Hemodynamics parameters of IPC group was higher than those in GCS group（P=0.014，0.025，0.037）. Conclusions：Both the GCS and IPC can accelerate venous velocity and improve blood flow and IPC is superior to GCS.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of integrated care intervention on psychology and immunity of patients with cervical can－cer（CC） in order to establish a clinical interventions system to guide nursing care. Methods：Totally 128 patients with CC were select－ed from May 2009 to February 2012 in our hospital and were divided into psychological intervention group（observation group） and usual care group（control group）. Postoperative psychological characteristics and associated immune indicators of patients were ana－lyzed. Results：After the intervention，self-rating depression scale（SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale（SAS） scores of observation group were significantly lower （SDS：t=6.821，P=0.000；SAS：t=4.803，P=0.000） and those of control group remained the same（SDS：t=1.570，P=0.146；SAS：t=0.939，P=0.382）. Two scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group（SDS：t=5.415，P=0.000；SAS：t=4.299，P=0.000）. T lymphocyte subsets CD3+，CD4+，CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were improved at varying de－grees in both groups，but the effects were significantly better in observation group than in control group（t=7.959，P=0.000；t=2.543，P=0.015；t=2.983，P=0.004；t=2.778，P=0.007；t=5.479，P=0.000）. Conclusions：Clinical care combined with psychological intervention can significantly improve mental health and immunity，enhance treatment outcome，promote prognosis for patients with CC，besides，it is important for clinical nursing care.

Abstract:Objective：To calculate the prevalence of pressure ulcer（PrUs） among hospitalized patients，to compare the differences in prevalence between the tertiary hospitals and the secondary hospitals and to contribute to the clinical nursing and the nursing man－agement. Methods：Modified Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey form designed by the American Nurses Association Committee was used and self designed questionnaire was applied to investigate prevalence of pressure ulcer among five hospitals in Chongqing. Results：A total of 129 243 hospitalized patients were investigated and total prevalence was 0.18% and 0.19% in the tertiary hospitals and 0.16% in the secondary hospitals. Prevalence of pressure ulcers was higher in intensive care unit（ICU） of the secondary hospitals than in ICU of the tertiary hospitals（P<0.05）. Prevalence of pressure ulcers was the highest in ICU than in the other wards（P<0.01）. Severity of pressure ulcers was more serious in the tertiary hospitals than in the secondary hospitals（P<0.01）. Conclusions：Prevalence of pres－sure ulcers is lower in China than in foreign countries. Concepts of hospitals at all levels should be changed to correctly understand the meanings of prevalence of pressure ulcers. Reporting management system should be improved. Nursing care in the treatment of severe pressure ulcers in the tertiary hospitals should be enhanced at the same time of strengthening the prevention of pressure ulcers.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the incidence and severity of symptoms of maintenance hemodialysis（MHD） and to discuss the classification and construction of symptom clusters. Methods：Totally 280 patients with MHD in hemodialysis center of 4 first-class hos－pitals in Chongqing were enrolled and investigated by completing dialysis symptom index and a self-designed general information questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics，correlation analysis and factor analysis. Results：Dry skin（75.7%），itching（73.2%），decreased interest in sex（70.5%），trouble staying sleep（63.2%），trouble falling sleep（62.5%） were the five most prevalent symptoms. The top five severe symptoms experienced by participants were itching，dry skin，dry mouth，trouble falling sleep，trouble staying sleep. Factors analysis indicated five symptom clusters，namely emotion，pain fatigue，digestive tract，cardiopulmonary system，water electrolyte，accounting for 58.68% of the total variance. Conclusions：Patients with MHD experienced several symptom clusters，medical staff should construct targeted nursing interventions to ensure the effective symptom management and improve patients’ life quality.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis（CDT） in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis（DVT） of lower extremity and the related nursing process. Methods：Clinical nursing care data of 245 cases of mixed DVT treated by traditional therapy combined with CDT were retrospectively analyzed. Results：In all 245 cases，219（89.39%） were clinically cured，26（10.61%） were markedly improved with overall effective rate of 100%. Conclusions：CDT is effective in the treatment of DVT. Perioperation nursing，timely observation，prevention and handling of complications can decrease the sequelaes of DVT of lower extremity.

Abstract:Objective：To study the current situation of self-efficacy and caring ability of family caregivers of the elderly disabled and to explore the relationship between them. Methods：Self-efficacy and caring ability of 152 family caregivers of the elderly disabled in Chongqing Yuzhong district were investigated by general self-efficacy scale and questionnaire of caring ability of family caregivers of the elderly disabled. Relationship between them was evaluated by Pearson statistical method. Results：Score of general self-efficacy scale was （2.59±0.52），which was lower than the norm（t=-6.286，P=0.000）. Score of questionnaire of caring ability of family care－givers of the elderly disabled was （24.97±5.27），accounting for 49.94% of the full mark. There was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and caring ability of family caregivers（r=0.52，P=0.000）. Conclusions：Self-efficacy and caring ability of family caregivers of the elderly disabled are low. It is necessary to take measures to improve self-efficacy and caring ability of caregivers.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of bedside angle instrument on preventing ventilator associated pneumonia（VAP） of patients underwent mechanical ventilation（MV）． Methods：Totally 81 patients underwent MV were divided into experimental group（n=42） and control group（n=39）. The head of bed in control group was elevated according to nurse’s experiences while head of bed in experiment group was elevated by bedside angle instrument. Bed elevation angle and positive rate of same bacterial culture in gastric juice，throat swab specimens and bronchial secretion liquid between two groups were measured and analyzed. Results：Accuracy of bed head elevation in experimental group（100.00%） was higher than that of control group（57.69%），with statistical differences. Posi－tive rate of related body fluid bacteria was 26.19% in experiment group and 64.10% in control group，with statistical differences. Inci－dence of VAP was 21.42% in experiment group and 48.71% in control group. Conclusions：Bedside angle instrument can ensure the accuracy of bed head elevation，contribute to posture nursing and finally decrease the rate of VAP.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the application of different blood purification modes in the treatment of children with acute and criti－cal illness and to summarize the experiences in order to provide references for pediatric clinical work. Methods：Clinical data of 148 children underwent blood purification treatment from January 2009 to December 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed including primary types of diseases，blood purification mode，clinical efficacy，treatment and care for related complications，etc. Results：All 148 patients underwent blood purification treatment for 336 times. Five cases of death，including 2 cases of congenital heart disease complicated with renal failure，2 cases of sepsis complicated with septic shock and multiple organ failure，1 case of epidemic cere－brospinal meningitis complicated with renal insufficiency were observed. Cause of death and blood purification had no direct relation－ship. The rest children were cured and discharged. Conclusions：Blood purification mode selection，parameter setting，good care of the pipeline，rational use of anticoagulants and necessary pre-charge of piping are the important parts of children blood purification tech－nology. Application and promotion of the technology helps to improve the treatment for children with acute and critical illness.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate bacterial colonization regularity in lower respiratory tract and ventilator tubing in patients with mechanical ventilation（MV） and etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP） in the pediatric intensive care unit（PICU） and to provide empirical basis for the prevention of VAP and ventilator tubing management. Methods：Incidences of VAP in ventilated pa－tients in PICU or 4 th d and 7 th d were monitored targeted. Bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract and ventilator tubing and their relationship with MV replacement time were analyzed. Results：There were significantly differences in VAP incidences（P<0.05），positive bacterial culture rate and number of colonies in condensate and Y interface（P<0.05） as well as in consistency of posi－tive bacterial culture of lower respiratory tract and ventilator tubing（P<0.05） between the 4 th d group and the 7 th day group. Sewer enterobacter，acinetobacter baumannii and white candida mycoderma bacteria（39.2%） were key infection flora leading to VAP while acinetobacter baumannii，klebsiella pneumoniae burt’s bacteria and sewer enterobacter（47.3%） were primary infection flora coloniza－tion in the ventilator tubing. Conclusions：Etiology of VAP is closely related with bacterial colonization in ventilator tubing. Tubing replacement time of MV and bacteria colonization regularity affect incidence of VAP. Off-ventilation as soon as possible，attention to the bacterial contamination at the Y-type interface，standardized management of condensate and effective control of the ventilator tubing bacterial colonization are important to the clinical treatment of VAP and ventilator tubing management.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the postoperative complications and the corresponding nursing countermeasures after minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving surgery for gallstone. Methods：Clinical data of 122 patients who underwent minimally invasive gall－bladder-preserving surgeries for gallstone in the department of hepatobiliary surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow U－niversity between April 2009 and February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results：Among the 122 patients，9 patients had post－operative complications，including bile leakage in 2 patients，infection of incision in 3 patients and gastrointestinal bleeding in 1 pa－tient. Gallstone recurrence occurred in the other 3 patients after 1 year follow-up. Conclusions：Causes of postoperative complications should be investigated and postoperative observation and nursing care should be strengthened to prevent the postoperative complica－tions after minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving surgery for gallstone.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the therapeutic effect of sanyrene liquid dressing on prevention of inevitable pressure sore in high risk patients. Methods：A total of 144 high risk patients with inevitable pressure sore were divided into observational group and control group according to successive hospitalization. Seventy-one patients in observational group used sanyrene liquid dressing to spread the press area while 73 patients in control group used transparency patches. Results：Incidence of inevitable pressure sore was significantly lower and occurring time of pressure sore was later in observational group than in control group. Conclusions：Sanyrene liquid dress－ing can effectively prevent inevitable pressure sore in high risk patients and can be promoted in clinics.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effect of heparin sodium（125 U/ml） for locking on the prethrombotic state in lung cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC）. Methods：Clinical data of 20 lung cancer patients with PICC were randomly select－ed in our department. Heparin sodium（125 U/ml） was used for locking after PICC being inserted. All parameters in our study includ－ing prothromhin time（PT），activated partial thromboplsatin time（APTT），thrombin time（TT），fibrinoge（Fbg），platelet（PLT） and D-dimer were dynamically monitored 2 times：0~1 d before（T0） and 2~3 d after（T1）PICC insertion. Results：Differences in PLT and D-dimer between T0 and T1 were significant（t=2.387，P=0.028；t=2.487，P=0.022）. There was no significant difference in PT，APTT，TT，Fbg，FDP between T1 and T0. Conclusions：①Using heparin sodium（125 U/ml） for locking is safe for patients with lung cancer after PICC insertion. ②Heparin sodium（125 U/ml） for locking can reduce PLT and D-dimer levels of patients with lung cancer after PICC insertion and can prevent venous thrombosis.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effect of implementing targeted nosocomial infection monitoring and intervention in intensive care unit（ICU）. Methods：Nosocomial infection condition of hospitalized patients，risk factors and nosocomial infection changing trend in comprehensive ICU from 2011 to 2012 were mastered by targeted nosocomial infection monitoring and intervention. Results：Infec－tion rates of ICU in 2011 and 2012 were 20.9% and 16.7 % and case infection rates were 22.7% and 18.0%. After average severity of illness score adjustion，adjusted daily infection rates were 5.7 ‰ and 4.4 ‰（ χ2=0.321，P=0.865） and adjusted daily infected cases rates were 5.9 ‰ and 4.7 ‰（ χ2=0.560，P=0.454）. Infection rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 2011 and 2012 were 29.0 ‰ and 20.1 ‰. Infection rates of central venous catheter-related bloodstream were 1.8 ‰ and 1.2 ‰. Infection rates of catheter related urinary tract were 1.3 ‰ and 0.7 ‰. In 2012，the overall detection rate of multi-drug resistant bacteria was in downward trend and detection rate of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus was decreased after taking interventions，with statistically significant dif－ferences（ χ2=9.05，P=0.029）. Conclusions：Implementation of targeted monitoring and infection control measures can effectively re－duce the incidence of nosocomial infection ICU.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of cold preservation reperfusion injury（CPRI） on the variation of bile acid composition in rats after liver transplantation. Methods：Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection was used to determinate the bile acid composition in rat bile after the surgery by using the donor livers which were coldly preserved for 12 h，1 h and the control livers. Metabolite profiling analysis of bile acid was performed by the methods of principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Results：It was obvious that CPRI for 12 h，1 h groups and the control group can be separated with the metabolite profile of bile acids and bile duct injury was probably closely related with taurodeoxycholic acid. Hydrophobicity index of CPRI for 12 h group was increased significantly after liver transplantation and was closely correlated with cold preservation time of the donor livers. Conclusion：Metabolite profiling of bile acids in rat bile af－ter liver transplantation is significantly influenced by CPRI.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of autocrine motility factor（AMF） on the biological property（proliferation，anti-apoptosis and migration）of the cultured human dermal fibroblasts（HDF）. Methods：Cultured HDF were divided into experimental group（AMF group） and blank control group. Cellular anti-apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proliferation and migration of the cells were respectively determined by MTT assay and Transwell chamber. Results：Abilities of proliferation（t=9.13，P<0.001），an－ti-apoptosis（t=30.94，P<0.001） and migration（t=5.35，P=0.003） were increased significantly in experimental group compared with those in blank control group. Conclusions：AMF could induce abilities of proliferation，anti-apoptosis and migration of HDF，suggest－ing that AMF is associated with keloid in characteristics of oncology.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the in vitro/vivo release of thermosensitive hydrogel containing stromal cel1 derived factor-l（SDF-1） and its influences on hematopoitic tissue. Methods：（1）In vitro release：chitosan-gelatin-glycerol phosphate（CS/G/GP） hydrogel containing SDF-1 which was labeled by 125I was used and gamma counter was applied to measure its in vitro release. （2）In vivo re－lease：125I-labeled SDF-1 was injected to femoral shaft of 18 SD rats and vivo releases were collected from femoral shaft，femoral head，peripheral muscle tissues and offside femoral head and were measured（from the 1st-6th d，3 rats each day）. （3）Bone marrow hematopoiesis：10 SD rats were divided into 2 groups，5 rats in experiment group were injected with 0.1 ml CS/G/GP hydrogel con－taining SDF-1 and 5 rats in control group were injected with 0.1 ml CS/G/GP hydrogel without SDF-1.All 10 rats were killed at the 7th d and their femoral heads were collected to do bone marrow biopsy. Results：In vitro and in vivo release curves were obtained. Hematopoiesis was more active in experimental group than in control group（P<0.05）. There were statistical differences in hematopoi－etic area between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusions：CS/G/GP hydrogel containing SDF-1 could maintain stable concentration in femoral head and it could activate bone marrow hematopoiesis.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of Shenfu injection pretreatment on intestinal epithelium of endotoxemia rats. Methods：Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly divided into endotoxemia model group（group M，n=24） and Shenfu injection pretreatment group（group S，n=24）. Rats in group M and group S were further divided into 2 h，6 h，12 h subgroups and each subgroup had eight rats. A single caudal venous injection of lipopolysaccharide（10 mg/kg） was used to induce endotoxemia model. Thirty minutes before endotoxemia model was induced，rats in group M and group S respectively intraperitoneally received saline（5 ml/kg） and Shenfu in－jection（5 ml/kg） and samples were respectively obtained at each time point. Another eight rats did not do any treatment were taken as control group（group C，n=8） and samples was collected directly. Blood was collected through abdominal aorta to measure intestinal fatty acid binding protein（i-FABP） and diamine oxidase（DAO） in serum by ELISA. Distal ileum was collected；levels of tumor necro－sis factor-α（TNF-?琢） and interleukin-6（IL-6） in intestinal mucosa were detected by ELISA；morphological changes were observed by HE for staining and pathological scores were evaluated according to Chiu’s score. Results：I-FABP and DAO levels in blood plas－ma，TNF-?琢 and IL-6 levels in intestinal mucosa and Chiu’s scores in group M were all significantly increased at each time point compared with those in group C（P<0.05）. At 2 h after endotoxemia model establishment，i-FABP，DAO，TNF-?琢 and IL-6 levels as well as Chiu’s scores in group S were lower than those in group M（P<0.05），meanwhile，TNF-?琢 and IL-6 levels in group S were low－er than those in group M（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Shenfu injection pretreatment on endotoxemia rats could attenuate inflammatory re－sponse，decrease serum i-FABP and DAO levels，lower pathological scores and alleviate the injury of intestinal epithelium at early stage.

Abstract:Objective：To investgate effects of acupoints electroacupuncture on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）in the mandibular protrusion of rats. Methods：Totally 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 blank control groups，4 con－ditional control groups and 4 experimental groups（n=5，respectively）. Rats were sacrificed on 3，7，14，28 d after experimental mandi-bular protrusion. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods were used to detect expressions of MMP-9 in growing rats’ mas－ticatory muscle. Results：Compared with those in blank control groups，MMP-9 expressions were significantly increased in conditional control group on 7，14 d，with statistical differences（P<0.05）；MMP-9 expressions were significantly increased in experimental group on 3，7，14 d，with statistical differences（P<0.05）. Compared with those in conditional control group，MMP-9 expressions were signifi－cantly increased in experimental group on 3，7 d，with statistical differences（P<0.05）；there was no significant difference between the two groups on 14 d（P>0.05）；MMP-9 expressions were significantly decreased in experimental group on 21 d，with statistical differ－ences（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Electric acupuncture can up regulate the expression of MMP-9 in rats masticatory muscle after func－tional mandibular protrusion，which may improve the treatment effect of functional appliance.

Abstract:Objective：To study effects of modified low potassium dextran（LPD） solution combined with sodium nitroprusside on en－dothelin-1（ET-1） in plasma and lung homogenate during ischemia-reperfusion injury of dogs. Methods：A total of 12 healthy adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into two groups with six dogs in each group. In group A，left lungs were flushed with 50-60 ml/kg of hepatic modified LPD solution at a pressure of less than 40 mmH2O. In group B，left lungs were flushed with hepatic modified LPD solution and sodium nitroprusside with other measures the same as group A. Changes of ET-1 content in plasma and lung homogenate at 0，2 h and 4 h after reperfusion were observed by ELISA. At the end of the experiment，the variation of lung wet/dry weight ratio was calculated. Results：ET-1 contents in plasma and lung homogenate were not significantly different（P >0.05） and wet/dry weight ratio in two groups had significant changes（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Modified LPD solution can reduce ET-1 expression level and wet/dry weight ratio and relieve ischemia-reperfusion injury，however，modified LPD solution combined with sodium nitroprusside has no effect on ET-1 expression level and wet/dry weight ratio.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the effects of recovery and benefiting kidney soup（R&B，a capsule containing several Chinese herbs）on pathology changes of synovial tissues and expressions of related cytokines in rats with type Ⅱ collagen induced arthritis （CIA） and to further discuss the possible mechanism of R&B soup treatment for rheumatoid arthritis（RA）. Methods：RA in SD rats was induced using cattle collagen Ⅱand the rats were divided into normal group，model group，methotrexate（MTX） group，large，medium and small doses of R&B soup groups. Rat feet swelling rates were calculated；serum tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-17（IL-17） levels were detected by ELISA；synovial matrix metalloproteinase-3（MMP-3） levels were detected by im－munohistochemistry assay；light microscopic was used to observe rat feet joint synovial tissues pathological changes. Results：In－flammatory scores of RA were significantly decreased in high dose R&B soup group and MTX group compared with those of model group（F=156.671；P=0.000）. Serum TNF-α and IL-17 levels were also significantly decreased in high，medium dose R&B soup groups and MTX group（TNF-α：F=20.233，P=0.000；IL-17：F=205.412，P=0.000）；no significant difference in serum TNF-α and IL-17 was observed between high dose R&B soup group and MTX group（TNF-α：P=0.952；IL-17：P=0.142）. MMP-3 levels in cartilage and synovium were significantly decreased in high dose R&B soup group and MTX group than in model group（F=14.867；P=0.000）；there was no difference in MMP-3 levels in cartilage and synovium between high dose R&B soup group and MTX group（P=0.08）. Conclusions：R&B soup is revealed to alleviate pathological damages of RA rats through inhibiting the expressions of TNF-α，IL-17，MMP-3 and other inflammatory mediators，which provide scientific proofs for treating RA with R&B soup.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate radioprotective effects of fructose on irradiated lymphocytoblast AHH-1 and to discover the possi－ble mechanisms. Methods：Lymphocytoblasts were pretreated for 12 h before radiation with different concentrations of fructose and then were exposed to 4 Gy 60Coγ ray radiation to induce cell apoptosis. Cell survival rate was counted by MTS assay and cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V/PI. Changes in mRNA expressions of Caspase-9，Bax，Bcl-2 were investigated by RT-PCR and changes in protein expressions of Caspase-9，Bax，Bcl-2 were analyzed by Western blot. Results：Irradiation increased cell death and cell survival rate was 78% after irradiation，significantly lower compared with that before irradiation（P<0.05）. If fructose was added before irradiation，cell survival rate was increased in a concentration dependent manner after irradiation（P<0.05）. mRNA and proteins expressions of Caspase-9 and Bax were significantly decreased and mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 were increased；apotososis related indexes were improved. Conclusions：Fructose exerts radioprotective effects on irradiation induced apoptosis in AHH-1 cells and its inhibition on cell apoptosis is in a concentration dependent manner.

Abstract:Objective：To detect expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3（MMP-9/TIMP-3） in the endometrium of patients experiencing recurrent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer（IVF-ET） failure and to explore the possi－ble mechanism. Methods：Expressions of MMP-9/TIMP-3 in endometrium at mid-luteal phase in 40 patients experiencing recurrent IVF-ET failure（experiment group） and 40 pregnant women with IVF-ET once a time（control group） were detected by immunohisto－chemistry SP. Results：Expressions of MMP-9 in experimental group were significantly lower than those of control group（P<0.05），but there was no significant difference in TIMP-3 expressions between both groups（P >0.05）. Conclusions：Recurren IVF-ET failure is possibly caused by lower expressions of MMP-9 in endometrium at mid-luteal phase.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the change of circadian rhythm in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）in vivo. Methods：Totally 32 nude mice were maintained in 12 h light alternating with 12 h dark. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line BcaCD885 was transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice cheeks to develop an OSCC animal model. Mice were sacrificed at 4 different time points 4，10，16，22 h（4 hours after light onset（HALO），10HALO，16HALO，22HALO） of 24 h 3 weeks after transplantation，with 8 mice of each group. Tumors were dissected away and tumor sizes were measured. Tumor cell proliferation index（PI） and apoptosis index（AI） were determined by flow cytometry. Cosine analysis was used to detect circadian rhythm of tumor size，tumor cell PI and AI. Vari－ance of significant difference in the four time groups was tested by ANOVA. Results：Tumor size and tumor cell PI exhibited signifi－cant circadian rhythm. Tumor sizes had significant differences at indifferent time points. Peak and trough values of tumor size appeared at 3.23HALO and 15.23HALO，respectively. Peak and trough values of tumor cell PI appeared at 6.60HALO and 18.16HALO，respec－tively. AI of tumor cells showed no circadian rhythm，but the differences of different time points were significant. Conclusions：Cell proliferation and tumor size of OSCC in vivo show circadian rhythm. Tumor size and AI have significant differences at different time points.

Abstract:Objective：To establish reserved-phase high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） method for the determination of resveratrol content in root of polygonum cuspidatum. Methods：HPLC was carried out to detect resveratrol content in root of polygonum cuspidatum. Chromatographic conditions：mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water（30∶70） at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min；detection wave length of 306 nm；column temperature at room temperature；sample size of 10 μl. Results：Calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.3~9.6 μg/ml. Conclusions：The method is simple，accurate，reproducible，precise and can be used in the determination of resveratrol content in polygonum cuspidatum extract.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the role and development of chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1α（MIP-1α），macro-phage inflammatory protein-1β（MIP-1β） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1） in adults with autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods：Totally 44 cases of Graves disease（GD），19 cases of hashimoto thyroiditis（HT），14 cases of thyroid adenoma，10 cases of multinodular goiter and 8 cases of surrounding normal tissues were collected. Expressions of chemokines MIP-1α，MIP-1β and MCP-1 were determined by immunehistochemical method. Results：Chemokines MIP-1α，MIP-1β and MCP-1 were located in the cytoplasm of the thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Expression levels and scores of chemokines MIP-1α，MIP-1β and MCP-1 were significantly higher in GD and HT than in multinodular goiter and thyroid normal tissues. Conclusions：Chemokines MIP-1α，MIP-1β and MCP-1 may participate in the development of the autoimmune thyroid diseases and may become new targets of monitoring and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate expressions of Th17 cell in rat model of pulmonary fibrosis（PF）. Methods：Totally 54 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups：control group（N group，n=18），PF model group（B group，n=18） and dexmethasone treated group（D group）. B and D groups were established by a single intra-tracheal injection of 5 mg/kg of bleomycin. N group received intra-tracheal instillation of saline instead. The next day D group was injected with dexamethasone（3 mg/kg） intraperitoneally every other day while N and B groups were injected with saline. Rats were sacrificed at the 7th，14 th，28th d after modeling in batch. Lung tissues were re－stored to analyze the pathological changes with HE staining and levels of hydroxyproline（HYP） in pulmonary tissues were determined. Proportion of CD4+IL-17+Th17 cells in the lung was evaluated by flow cytometry. Levels of serum interleukin-17（IL-17） were mea－sured by ELISA. Results：①In B group，biopsy of pulmonary tissues showed the dynamic process of change from pulmonary alveolitis to PF gradually. Levels of HYP in pulmonary tissues were higher in B group（the highest on the 28th d） than in N and D groups（P<0.05）. ②Th17 cell was lowly expressed in N group. Expressions of Th17 cell in pulmonary tissues and serum IL-17 were significant－ly higher in B and D groups than in N group at all time points（P<0.05），being most obviously at the 7th d. Conclusions：PF is developed by inflammatory damage and repair and has different pathological characteristics at different time points. Increased expres－sions of Th17 cell in pulmonary tissues of PF rats and serum IL-17 are associated with pulmonary inflammation and PF.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of glutamine（Gln） on shape and immune function of intestinal mucosa in liver transplanta－tion rats. Methods：Seventy healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups：normal control group（control group，n=10），orthotopic liver transplantation group（OLT group，n=30） and OLT + Gln group（Gln group，n=30）. Dissection of hepatoduodenal ligament was performed in control group and OLT by modified two-cuff method was performed in OLT group and Gln group. For Gln group，recipients were supplied with nutrison fiber（125 ml/（kg·d）） plus Gln（0.3 g/（kg·d）） by gastric perfusion at 3 d before surgery and at 3 h after surgery. For OLT group and control group，recipients were supplied with nutrison fiber（125 ml/（kg·d）） only. Ileal in－testinal wall tissues were taken at 12 h after surgery in control group and at 12，24，72 h after surgery in OLT and Gln groups. Intesti－nal mucosa shape was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy，length of the microvilli was measured and intestinal mu－cosa tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） levels，secretory immunoglobulin A（sIgA） and proliferative activities of epithelial lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa were detected. Results：Intestinal mucosal damage was more severe in OLT group and Gln group than in control group，however it was lighter in Gln group at 24 h and 72 h than in OLT group（P＜0.01）. TNF-α contents were significantly higher in OLT group and Gln group than in control group，but they were significantly lower in Gln group than in OLT group（P＜0.01）. Intesti－nal mucosa sIgA contents and proliferative activities of epithelial lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa were obviously decreased in OLT group at 12，24，72 h and Gln group at 12 h and 24 h than in control group，but they were significantly increased in Gln group at 24 h and 72 h than in OLT group（P＜0.01）. Conclusions：OLT can increase TNF-α expressions，decrease sIgA contents and decline prolif－erative activities of epithelial lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa，which will cause damages to intestinal mechanical barrier and immune barrier. Peri-operative application Gln can inhibit TNF-α expressions in intestinal mucosa of rats with liver transplantation，increase sIgA contents and improve proliferative activities of ep－ithelial lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa thus protect intestinal mucosa.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of gradual mandibular forward on condyle position changes among patients with obstruc－tive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）. Methods：Three-dimensional finite element model of mandible and temporomandibu－lar joint was constructed using CT，Mimics，Imageware and Ansys software. Changes in positions of joint space（anterior，superior and posterior） were estimated when mandible forward in 20%，40%，60%，68%，70%，75%，80% and 100% of the maximum protrusion. Results：As the mandible gradually forwarding，joint spaces underwent corresponding changes. With the increase in forward level of the mandible，displacement of the joint space was also increased；the most obvious gap was the anterior，followed by the superior and posterior. Conclusions：Observation on condyle position changes in patients with OSAHS provides a theoretical basis for clinical use of oral appliance in the treatment of patient with OSAHS from the temporomandibular joint.

Abstract:Objective：To provide anatomical references for the treatment of allergic rhinitis by blocking nasal autonomic nerve with high intensity focused ultrasound under nasal endoscope. Methods：Ten （20 sides） adult head specimens sawn in midline sagittal were choosen，posterosuperior medial nasal branch and posterosuperior lateral nasal branch of sphenopalatine nerve as well as posteroinfe－rior nasal nerve were anatomized under microscope to study and research their branches and ramification and to measure the distance from point of posterosuperior medial nasal branch started from nasal septum to superior border of choana and nasal bottom，the dis－tance from posterosuperior lateral nasal branch in medial surface of middle turbinate to midpoint of inferior border of middle turbinate and the distance from point of posteroinferior nasal nerve reaching at inferior turbinate to posterior border of inferior turbinate. Re－sults：（1）Posterosuperior medial nasal branch of sphenopalatine nerve disturbed on the nasal septum from backward and upward to forward and downward；the route approximated straight line and reverse-parabola line. The nerves in 10 sides disturbed on surface of nasal septum as a main never，all reaching the bottom of nasal septum from anterior-middle segment of nasal septum. The nerves in 8 sides disturbed on surface of nasal septum as two main never branches，the branch near nasal bottom（inferior branch） reaching the bottom of nasal septum from anterior-middle segment of nasal septum（two sides was destroyed when anatomized）. The distances were （9.04±1.51） mm（inferior branch） and （15.76±2.17） mm （superior branch） to superior border of choana，（18.95±2.69） mm（inferior branch） and （23.39±2.42） mm（superior branch） to nasal bottom. （2）Posterosuperior lateral nasal branch of sphe－no-palatine nerve distributed on medial surface of middle turbinate，and moved from posterior segment of superior border of middle turbinate，travelled slantingly and reached posterior segment of middle-lower part of middle turbinate，then travelled forward nearly parallel to Frankfurt horizontal plane or inferior border of mid－dle turbinate，terminated at anterior segment of anterior border or inferior border of middle turbinate and the distance between the nerve and midponit of middle turbinate was （5.70±1.82） mm. （3）Posteroinferior nasal nerve turned into the inferior turbinate from superior border of posterior segment of inferior turbinate；the distance between the nerve from superior border and inferior border of inferior turbinate was （7.28±1.36） mm. Conclusions：In treatment of allergic rhinitis with high intensity focused ultrasound under nasal endoscope，the points of posterosuperior medial nasal branch started from nasal septum，posterosuperior lateral nasal branch through the connection of the midpoint of posterior and anterior border of middle turbinate，posteroinferior nasal branch up to superior border of inferior turbinate，can be chosen as reference points to block the autonomic nerves.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of portland cement（PC），mineral trioxide aggregate（MTA） and glass ionomer cement（GIC）against three microorganisms：candida albicans，escherichia coli，streptococcus mutans through the Agar diffusion method. Methods：The sealers under study were handled according to the manufacturer’s instruction. All sealers were handled with diameter of 5 mm and thickness of 1 mm then placed in the wells which contains 1.5×108 CFU/mL microorganisms suspension of candida albi－cans，escherichia coli and streptococcus mutans，respectively immediately after being mixed. After the sealers set，the agar plates were incubated at 37 ℃ for 24~48 h to allow the microorganisms to grow and reagents to diffuse through the culture medium. After incuba－tion，diameter of inhibition zones was measured. Results：No antimicrobial activity of all the three materials was observed on strepto－coccus mutans. No inhibition zone of GIC was observed on the three microorganisms. Diameter of inhibition zone of PC on candida al－bicans was bigger than that of MTA with significant difference between two groups（P=0.002 9）. Conclusions：PC could effectively in－hibit the growth of candida albicans and escherichia coli，therefore PC is considered to have certain antifungal and antibacterial prop－erties.

Abstract:Objective：To assess clinical value of 320-detector row CT perfusion imaging（CTPI） in evaluating the activity of residual hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） within 1-3 months after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization（TACE）. Methods：Totally 36 pa－tients with HCC underwent upper abdominal perfusion scan after receiving TACE and digital subtraction angiography（DSA） within one week after CT perfusion scan. Hepatic perfusion parameters were acquired by CT perfusion analysis software. Effects of CTPI on activity of residual HCC after TACE were evaluated by using DSA as a golden standard. Radiation doses of 320-detector row CT per－fusion scan were analyzed. Results：CT perfusion scan was conducted for 36 times and 43 lesions were assessed. Totally 34 active le－sions were detected by CT perfusion scan，with diagnosis accuracy of 95.35％ approximate，sensitivity of 100.00％，specificity of 81.80％ approximate，positive predicative value of 94.12% approximate，negative predicative value of 100.00%，positive likelihood ra－tio of 5.5，negative likelihood ratio of approximate 0 and Youden’s index of approximate 81.80％ in detecting the residual blood sup－plies. There were differences in active focal hepatic arterial flow，portal flow and hepatic arterial perfusion index of tissues after TACE compared with those of normal hepatic tissues. Perfusion scan with lower parameter（100 kV，100 mA） had lower radiation dose than the conventional upper abdomen enhanced scan while that with higher parameter（100 kV，200 mA） only had slightly higher radiation dose. Conclusions：320-detector row CTPI can well display the activity of residual HCC after TACE. It is very useful for postoperative follow-up after TACE.

Abstract:Objective：To preliminary discuss clinical curative effect of octreotide combined with gabexate in the treatment of severe a－cute pancreatitis（SAP）. Methods：Totally 46 patients with SAP from October 2008 to October 2010 in our hospital were randomly di－vided into groups A（n=23） and B（n=23）. Octreotide combined with gabexate were used in group A while only octreotide was used in group B. Patients’ normal time of disappearance of abdominal signs，recovery of gastrointestinal function and recovery of hematuria amylase in two groups were observed. Total effective rate and complication incidence in two groups were observed. Results：Time of abdominal signs’ disappearance，gastrointestinal function’s recovery and hematuria amylase’s recovery were shorter in group A than in group B（P<0.05）. Total effective rate in group A is higher than that in group B，but without significant differences（P<0.05）. Inci－dence of complication and operation rate in group A（13.04%） was lower than that in group B（30.43%）. Conclusions：Octreotide combined with gabexate is the better choice in the treatment of SAP，which can improve the total effective rate and reduce complica－tion incidence.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the safety and feasibility of multiple-tract mini and standard single-tract percutaneous nephrolithoto－my in the treatment of complex renal calculi. Methods：Totally 78 cases of complex renal calculi were treated in our hospital from De－cember 2006 to December 2011. Forty cases were treated with multiple-tract mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 38 cases were treated with standard single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Operative time，hospital stay，one phase stone-free rate，postoperative adjuvant therapy，two phase stone-free rate，amount of bleeding were analyzed and compared. Results：In multi-tract group，operative time was （132.11±12.54） min and hospital stay was （12.32±2.15） d and in single-tract group，operative time was （137.85±16.52） min and hospital stay was （11.45±1.92） d （P=0.09 and P=0.06）. One phase stone-free rates in multi-tract group and in single-tract group were 77.5%（31/40） and 52.63%（20/38）（P=0.02）. Rate of adjuvant therapy was 20.0%（8/40）in multi-tract group，significantly lower than 44.74%（17/38） in single-tract group（P=0.02）. Two phase stone-free rates in multi-tract group and in single-tract group were 92.5%（37/40） and 71.05%（27/38）（P=0.01）. Amount of bleeding of two group was （88.3±7.5） ml and （85.6±8.2） ml （P=0.13）. Conclusions：Higher successful rate and stone-free rate can be achieved in patients with complex renal calculi treated by mul－tiple-tract mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy than by standard single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy.