Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of Fetuin-A gene rs2248690 single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） with poly－cystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） in Chongqing Han population. Methods：A total of 147 PCOS patients and 156 controls were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed on 147 PCOS women and 20 controls. M value was used to signify insulin sensitivity. Results：No significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of rs2248690 was observed between PCOS patients and controls（OR=4.432，P=0.09，95%CI=0.925 to 21.224；OR=1.123，P=0.57，95%CI=0.751 to 1.679；respectively）. Patients with AA genotype had higher fasting serum insulin，homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and lower M value as compared with those of AT and TT genotypes in PCOS group（P=0.00，P=0.00）. Conclusions：Fetuin-A gene rs2248690 poly－morphism has no association with PCOS in Han population in Chongqing area，but it may associate with insulin resistance in PCOS.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of early overfeeding on the obesity of offspring rats and to provide references for experi－ment in child obesity. Methods：Early overfeeding female rat model was established on the 3rd d after birth by reducing the litter size to 3 pups per litter（small litter，SL），which was in con－trast to the normal litter size of 10 pups per litter（NL）. The pups were weaned onto regular chow after breast feeding for 21 d. At the 8th week，these rats were bred with normal male rats and offsprings of the early overfeeding and control rats were generated. Offsprings of both two groups were culled and raised as 10 pups per dam and weaned onto regular chow on the 21st d. Body weight and daily food intake were routinely recorded. Rats were killed on the 30th d and HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of epididymal fat. Results：Body weight of early overfeeding female rats was （40.75±0.89） g while that of control female rats was （33.01±1.71） g （t=4.021，P=0.007）. Compared with those of offspring of control rats，offspring of early overfeeding rats showed significant body weight gain（F=465.387，P=0.000） and hyperplasia（t=3.709，P=0.006）. Adipocyte size in epididymal fat was larger in early overfeeding rats than in cortrol rats（t=4.487，P=0.001） based on HE staining observation. Conclusion：Maternal obesity can induce the risk of obesity in offspring.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expressions of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2（MBD2） and their RNA interfer－ences（RNAi） in gastric cancer. Methods：Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MBD2 expressions in tissues of 40 gastric can－cer cases and matched non-cancerous tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the MBD2 distribution in gastric cancer cell（SGC-7901）. Three siRNAs（MBD2-siRNA-1，MBD2-siRNA-2，MBD2-siRNA-3） targeting MBD2 were designed. LipofectamineTM2000 was used to transfect MBD2-siRNAs into SGC-7901. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the efficiency of MBD2 inhibition. MTT assay was carried out to detect the growth rate of SGC-7901. Results：Expressions of MBD2 were higher in gastric cancer tissues than in matched gastric mucosa tissues（χ2=6.646，P=0.010）. MBD2 expressions were much higher in gastric cancer tissues with low histological grade and H.pylori infection（χ2=9.730，8.700；P=0.01，0.04）. MBD2 protein was distributed in nucleus of gastric cancer cell. Three MBD2-siRNAs all could be transfected into SGC-7901 perfectly and MBD2-siRNA-2 could inhibit the MBD2 mRNA and protein expressions best. At last，96 h after the MBD2-siRNA-2’s transfection，growth rate of SGC-7901 was inhibited. Conclusions：MBD2 protein expresses higher in gastric cancer tissues. MBD2 inhibition could suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cell.

Abstract:Objectives：To investigate the collocation and expression variations of aquporin4（AQP4） and inward rectifying potassium channel 4.1（Kir4.1） in astrocytoma of different pathological grades in order to discuss the pathomechanism of proliferation and growth in astrocytoma. Methods：Fifty astrocytoma samples of different pathologic grades were obtained and the relative normal brain tissues contributed to controls. Expression and collocation of AQP4 and Kir4.1 were detected by HE staining，laser scanning confocal mi－croscopy technology and Western blot. Results：Uncomplete collocation of AQP4 and Kir4.1 was present in astrocytoma. Expression of Kir4.1 at protein level was increased along with the ascending pathologic grade. However，expression of AQP4 at protein level was decreased in low-grade astrocytoma and was increased in high-grade astrocytoma. Conclusions：Uncomplete collocation of AQP4 and Kir4.1 is present in astrocytoma. Protein levels of AQP4 and Kir4.1 are correlated with pathological grade of astrocytoma and the vari－ations of AQP4 and Kir4.1 are different. These data suggest that AQP4 and Kir4.1 respectively play different roles in maintaining water and ionic balance.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1） on β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving en－zyme1（BACE1） and the possible cellular signaling mechanisms in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Methods：After SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells being treated with 20，40 ng/ml and 80 ng/ml IGF-1 for 24 h，qPCR was used to analyze the levels of BACE-1 and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of BACE1，C99，C83，amyloid precursor protein，mRNA and related protein levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase（PI3-K/Akt）. Cellular culture medium levels of β-amyloid pep－tide（Aβ42） were analyzed by ELISA. For inhibition studies，25 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L LY 294002，a specific PI3-K inhibitor，was administered 30 min prior to 80 ng/ml IGF-1 treatment. Then the above tests were repeated. Results：IGF-1 decreased levels of BACE-1，C99，and Aβ42（P=0.000） and increased expressions of C83 and pAkt（P=0.000）. LY294002 inhibited the above effects of IGF-1. Conclusion：IGF-1-induced reduction of BACE-1 may involve in PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the regulation of microRNA-494（miR-494） on Survivin expression and its effect on cell prolifer－ation and apoptosis in human glioma cell lines SNB19 and LN229. Methods：Twelve samples of neuroglioma and tumor-adjacent tissues were collected and miR-494 expressions in the samples were detected by qRT-PCR. miR-494 mimic was transfected into SNB19 and LN229 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry. Survivin，a potential target of miR-494，was de－tected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results：Expressions of miR-494 in neuroglioma tissues were significantly downregulated com－pared with those of tumor-adjacent tissues（t=13.78，P=0.000）. Ectopic expression of miR-494 in SNB19 and LN229 cells obviously suppressed Survivin mRNA and protein expression as well as decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis（P<0.05，respective－ly）. Conclusions：Expression of miR-494 is downregulated in neuroglioma tissues and miR-494 may induce cell apoptosis in neu－roglioma cell lines SNB19 and LN229 by downregulating Survivin expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of MAPK-activating death domain-containing protein（MADD） in prostate caner and benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH） tissues and its effects on apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Methods：Totally 40 samples of surgically resected prostate cancer tissues and 35 samples of BPH tissues were collected and MADD expressions in the samples were detected using immunohistochemistry. MADD protein expressions in benign prostatic cell line BPH1 and prostate cancer cell lines （LNCaP，PC-3and PC-3M） were detected by Western blot. MADD siRNA was transfected into PC-3 cells，MADD，caspase-3 and PARP expression，cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by Western blot，MTT and flow cytometry. Results：Expressions of MADD in prostate cancer tissues were significantly upregulated compared with those of the BPH tissues（P=0.000）. Expressions of MADD in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP，PC-3M and PC-3 were obviously higher than those in benign prostatic cell line BPH1（P=0.009，P=0.001，P=0.000，respectively）. Knockdown of MADD in PC-3 cells enhanced expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP，as well as decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis（P=0.000，respectively）. Conclusions：Expression of MADD increases ob－viously in prostate cancers. MADD may act as an inhibitor of apoptosis as well as a therapeutic target of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the protective effects of sulforaphane（ＳＦＮ） on inflammation of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in－jury in rats and its possible mechanism． Methods：Middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） was induced by intraluminal suture． Five mg/kg ＳＦＮ was administrated intraperitoneally at 60 min after MCAO. At 24 h after reperfusion，neurologic deficiency scores were de－tected and the infarct volume was evaluated by TTC staining． Myeloperoxidase（MPO） activities in rat brain were measured as an in－dex of neutrophil infiltration. Expressions of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-6（IL-6） in rat brain were determined by Western blot. Results：Neurological deficiency scores（（2.49±0.48） vs. （1.34±0.62），P=0.000） were significantly improved，infarcted volume was diminished（（0.41±0.02）% vs. （0.26±0.03）%，P=0.000） and activity of MPO in cere－bral tissues（（0.43±0.02） U/g vs. （0.35±0.02） U/g，P=0.000） was decreased in 5 mg/kg ＳＦＮ group than in MCAO group. Results of Western blot showed that SFN could also decrease the expression of NF-κB，TNF-α and IL-6 compared with those in MCAO group（（0.39±0.05） vs. （1.65±0.05），P=0.000；（0.30±0.05） vs. （0.91±0.03），P=0.000；（0.49±0.11） vs. （1.50±0.03），P=0.000）. Conclusions：ＳＦＮ exerts the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibiting the inflammatory response，which may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB，TNF-α and IL-6 expression.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the effect of the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading Drynaria Rhizome，Coptis chinensis and Panax notoginseng（sanhuangbu） on the repair of periodontal defects. Methods：Totally 36 male SD rats were enrolled and periodon－tal fenestration model in mandibular molar area was prepared. Then all rats were divided into three groups in matched pair：group filled with chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading sanhuangbu（hydrogel and medicine group），group filled with nothing or filled only with chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel（blank hydrogel group）and blank control group. In each group，animals were sacrificed on 14 d（n=18） and 28 d（n=18） postoperatively and the mandibles were processed for histological examination by HE staining. Results：Area of new alveolar bone was extremely lager in hydrogel and medicine group than in blank hydrogel group and blank control group on 14 d and 28 d postoperatively with statistical differences（P=0.000）. Area of new alveolar bone was extremely lager in blank hydrogel group than in blank control group with statistical differences（P=0.000）. Conclusion：Chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading sanhuangbu can effectively promote the periodonontal tissue regeneration.

Abstract:Objective：To dynamically detect the occurrence regularity of the rabbits’ VX2 tongue carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastases in different periods according to Doppler ultrasound and to evaluate its diagnostic value. Methods：Intact VX2 rabbits’ hepatic tumor tissues were transplanted to the lateral border of tongues of 30 rabbits and the rabbits were divided into 3 groups（n=10） based on the time of receiving ultrasound detection. Ultrasound images of cervical lymph nodes of tongue carcinoma in different peri－ods were observed. Specimens of transplanted carcinomas and cervical lymph nodes in the rabbits were examined pathologically. Then evaluation on the ultrasound diagnostic test was made. Results：Tongue carcinoma was formed at one week after transplantation，but no ultrasonic image for cervical lymph node was observed. Lymph nodes reacted after 3 weeks and ultrasonic image showed that the nodes had high uniformity and normal structure of cortex and medulla. After 5 weeks，lymph nodes with uneven form and disordered structure were metastatic，maximum diameter of which was statistically different from that of reacting lymph nodes（P=0.000）. There were statistical differences among 3 groups in terms of death weight（P=0.005）. Diagnostic sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound was 85% and specificity was 94% while the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84（P=0.001）. Conclusions：VX2 tongue carcinoma is similar to squamous cell carcinoma of human tongue. Reacting and metastasizing lymph nodes showed their characteristic images by Doppler ultrasound，which is accurate，specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of lymph nodes metastases.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of liposome-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and Survivin antisense oligonucleotide on the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods:VEGF and Survivin antisense oligonucleotides were constructed and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were transfected with LipofectamineTM2000. The experiment was divided into control group，liposome control group，VEGF antisense transfection group（VEGF ASODN group），Survivin antisense transfection group（Survivin ASODN group），joint transfection group（VEGF ASODN+Survivin ASODN group）. VEGF and Survivin were detected by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry（FCM） was applied to measure cell cycle，cell apoptosis and VEGF and Survivin protein. MTT method was applied to measure cell growth. Colony forming test was applied to measure the cell proliferation and clonogenic abilities. Results：A549 cell viability and proliferation and clonogenic abilities were significantly lower in VEGF ASODN+Survivin ASODN group than in the other groups，with significantly statistical differences（P=0.043，P=0.049，P=0.038，P=0.023）. FCM analysis showed that co-trans－fection of transfected cell cycle was arrested and Survivin protein expression was lower in VEGF ASODN+Survivin ASODN group than in the other groups，with significantly statistical differences（P=0.017，P=0.002）. VEGF protein expression was lower in VEGF ASODN+Survivin ASODN group than in the other groups，with significantly statistical differences（P=0.013，P=0.003）. RT-PCR re－sults showed that VEGF and Survivin gene expressions were lower in VEGF ASODN+Survivin ASODN group than in the other groups. Conclusions：Combination of VEGF and Survivn antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit the proliferation of human lung adeno－carcinoma cell line A549，extent cell cycle and inhibit VEGF and Survivin gene expression，which will lay theoretical basis for the subsequent animal experiments.

Abstract:Objective：To observe effects of estrogen and progesterone on expressions of connexin26（CX26），connexin32（CX32） and connexin43（CX43） in nude mice model of endometriosis. Methods：Nude mice model of endometriosis was established. Totally 60 nude mice were randomly divided into three groups：estrogen group（group A），progesterone group（group B） and control group （group C）. Mice of each group were killed on the 7th，14th，21th，28th d randomly. Expressions of gene and protein（CX26，CX32，CX43） in endometriotic lesions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results：Expressions of CX32 mRNA and protein were enhanced by estrogen（P=0.000），but suppressed by progesterone. Expressions of CX43 mRNA and protein were strongly suppressed by estrogen（P=0.000）. But progesterone had no effect on expressions of CX43 mRNA and protein（P=0.621）. Expressions of CX32 mRNA and protein were not detected in any group. Conclusions：①Regulation of CX26 by estrogen and progesterone is opposite. ②Expressions of CX32 mRNA and protein are not detected in any group，so their effects on gap junction intercellular communication （GJIC） and endometrial ectopic transplantation are not clear. ③Expressions of CX43 mRNA and protein are strongly suppressed by estrogen. But progesterone had no effect on expressions of CX43 mRNA and protein. It is conjectured that estrogen could down regu－lation CX43，depress the function of GJIC，encourage abnormal cell proliferation and cell differentiation and enhance the ability of en－dometrial ectopic transplantation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association between the mutation of the encoding gene of class Ⅰ?茁-tubulin （TUBB） and the drug resistance of docetaxel in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. Methods：Polymerase chain reaction（PCR） and nucleotide sequencing were used to test whether mutation existed in 90 advanced NSCLC patients. Results：A mutation at the fourth ex－on of TUBB encoding sequence which encoding the 147th amino acid was found in 36 patients，but it was not significantly associated with the chemotherapy effect of decetaxel treatment for NSCLC. Conclusions：Mutation at the fourth exon of TUBB gene is not asso－ciated with the resistance of decetaxel treatment for NSCLC patients. Further investigation should be done to verify whether the struc－ture and function of tubulin would be affected by this mutation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expressions of baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 6（BIRC6） and their role in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. Methods：Forty samples of surgically resected HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues were collected and BIRC6 expressions in HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues were detected using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. BIRC6 mRNA expressions in normal liver cell line（LO2） and HCC cell lines（HepG2 and SMMC-7721） were detected using qRT-PCR. BIRC6 siRNA was transfected into SMMC-7721 cells and cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry. Results：Expressions of BIRC6 in HCC tissues were significantly upregulated compared with those in corresponding adjacent tissues（P=0.004）. Clinicopathological evaluation suggested that BIRC6 high-expression was associated with large tumor size（＞ 5 cm） and advanced TNM stage（P=0.029；P=0.002）. Expressions of BIRC6 mRNA were obviously lower in LO2 than in HepG2 and SMMC-7721（P=0.000）. siRNA suppressed expression of BIRC6 in SMMC-7721 cells decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis（P=0.000）. Conclusions：High-expression of BIRC6 correlates with poor clinicopathological characteristics in HCC and BIRC6 may act as an inhibitor of apoptosis as well as a therapeutic target of HCC.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine3（5-HT3） receptor antagonist in the prevention of pressure overload induced myocardial hypertrophy. Methods：Thirty-two Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups：sham-operation group（n=8），transverse aortic constriction（TAC） group（n=8），TAC + ondansetron（Ond） group（n=8） and TAC + tropisetron（Tro） group（n=8）. TAC operation was performed and Ond and Tro intervene was followed on 3 d postoperatively. Rats were killed 4 weeks later and their body weight，heart weight，left heart weight，heart/weight ratio and left ventricular/weight ratio were measured and counted. Plasma norepinephrine（NE） levels were detected and heart pathological Masson staining was conducted. Eighteen Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group（n=6），Tro group（n=6） and Ond group（n=6）. TAC operation was not performed and changes in plasma NE levels were observed. Results：Ond and Tro reduced the elevated plasma NE levels in mice with cardiac hypertrophy（F=7.96，P=0.001）. Ond and Tro exerted postive effect on pressure ouerload induced myocardial hypertrophy. Conclusions：5-HT3 receptor antagonists can protect cardiac hypertrophy and restore desensitization of cardiac adrenergic responsiveness，the mechanism of which may be through reducing the sympathetic activity.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of mineral water containing different concentration of Strontium（Sr） on contents of blood glucose，glycosylated hemoglobin（ＧHb），serum triglycerides（TG），free fatty acid（FFA） and total cholesterol（TC） in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus（T1DM）. Methods：Totally 150 adult Wistar rats weighing 220~250 g，half male and half female were used in the experiment. One-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（60 mg/kg） was administrated to rats. Three days later，rats with fasting blood glucose more than 16.7 mmol/L were taken as DM model rats.Then DM rats were randomly divided into group A（drinking mineral water with Sr 2 mg/L），group B（drinking mineral water with Sr 4 mg/L），group C（drinking mineral water with Sr 6 mg/L），group D（rats drinking mineral water with Sr 8 mg/L） and DM group（drinking tap water）. Rats were sacrificed randomly at 1，2，3，4 months later and the indexes mentioned above were detected and compared. Results：There was no significant difference in the overall condition between groups A，B，C，D groups and DM group at the first four months（all P >0.05）. At the first month，blood glucose was decreased in groups B and C than in DM group（P<0.05）；at the second，third and fourth month，there was no statistical difference in blood glucose between groups A，B，C，D and DM group. At the first and second month，FFA was obviously decreased in groups A，B，C，D than in DM group（P<0.05）；at the third and fourth month，FFA was obviously decreased in group D than in DM group（P<0.05）. At the first month，TG was obviously decreased in groups B，C，D（most obviously in group D） than in DM group（P<0.01）；at the second month，TG was obviously decreased in group D than in DM group（P<0.05）；at the third and fourth month，there was no differ－ence in TG between groups A，B，C，D and DM group（P >0.05）. At the first month，There was no significant difference in TC between groups A，B，C，D and DM group（P >0.05）；at the second month，TC was decreased in group D than in DM group（P<0.05）；at the third and fourth month，there was no difference in TC between groups A，B，C，D and DM group（P >0.05）. Conclusions：Race ele－ment strontium exerts no obvious effects on reducing glucose and GHb，but has significant effect on reducing FFA，TG and TC in rats with T1DM.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a method to detect mutation sites of hepatitis B virus（HBV） preS gene by reverse dot blot（RDB）.Methods：Oligonucleotide probes were designed according to the codon mutations at the 35th，39th，48th，155th and 165th sites，re－spectively. Mutated sites from 38 patients with HBV were detected by RDB and were compared with the sequencing results. Results：Coincidence between RDB detection results and DNA sequencing was 100%. Conclusions：Detection of the preS gene mutation by RDB is a cost-effective，rapid and reliable method，which is of significance in clinical testing for HBV preS mutations and determin－ing the efficacy of HBV infection and prognosis of patients.

Abstract:Objective：To construct natural human medullary thyroid carcinoma phage antibody library using phage display technology. Methods：Total RNA was extracted from the lymphatic tissue around medullary thyroid carcinoma. VH and VL fragments were amplified with RT-PCR，which were used as templates to amplify VH-Linker and VL-Linker. Then restricted enzyme cutting sites sfi Ⅰ and NotⅠ after single chain fragment variable（scFv） gene fragments was assembled with splicing-overlap-extension PCR. The scFv gene was cloned in pCANTAB-5E plasmid then transferred to Ecoli TG1. After the helper phage M13K07 infection，a human phage antibody li－brary was constructed. The insertion ratio of scFv gene was identified with PCR and the double enzyme digestion products of positive clones were analyzed with 1.0% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results：Clear 28 S and 18 S strips were found in total RNA；size of VH gene was about 370 bp，of VL gene was about 350 bp and of scFv gene was about 750 bp. Determination of conversion efficiency reached 108 cfu/μg with pUC19 standard plasmid and the positive insert ratio was 87.5%（21/24）. Conclusions：Human medullary thyroid carcinoma phage display library is constructed successfully. It could provide experimental basis for further screening of people with medullary thyroid cancer cell-specific phage single-chain antibody.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the methods of predicting susceptibility of influenza A（H1N1） pneumonia at early clinical stage in outpatient department. Methods：Totally 206 patients diagnosed as novel influenza A（H1N1） in Chengde area between September and December of 2009 were concentrated in Chengde Hospital for Infectious Diseases for free treatment. The diagnosis was consistent with the Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Influenza A（H1N1）（2009 3rd ed） issued by the General Office of Ministry of Health. A retrospective study on the 206 cases was conducted. Based on the final imaging findings，these patients were divided into pneumonia group（n=51） and non-pneumonia group（n=155）. Clinical characteristics and auxiliary examination were compared between the two groups；univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent predictors of pneumonia；goodness of fit test was performed on an established clinical predicting scoring system. Results：Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the statistically significant factors demonstrated that：expectoration as initial symptom（OR=3.537，95%CI=1.016 to 12.311），onset-to-treatment interval > 48 h（OR=19.525，95%CI=4.576 to 83.309），lactic dehydrogenase > 250 U/L（OR=16.717，95%CI=5.484 to 34.417），potassium ion<3.5 mmol/L（OR=7.332，95%CI=1.763 to 49.709），aspartate aminotransferase > 40 U/L（OR=3.809，95%CI=1.008 to 12.460） and presence of underlying diseases（OR=61.003，95%CI=5.484 to 34.417） were the independent risk factors of influenza A（H1N1） pneumonia（all P<0.05）. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.965（95%CI=5.484 to 34.417，P<0.001）. Prediction scoring system of pneumonia was established according to levels of six high risk factors：low risk（score 0-2），intermediate risk（score 3-4），high risk（score 5-6） and very high risk（score 7） and were categorized for predicting the occurrence of pneumonia illness. Goodness of fit test showed good results（R2=0.916，P=0.043）. Conclusions：In the future，clinical physicians can predict the susceptibility of pneumonia in patients with influenza A（H1N1） by comprehensive scoring concerning initial symptom，onset-to-treat－ment interval time，level of serum potassium ion and aspartate aminotransferase and presence of underlying diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the infection condition and distribution regularity of human papilloma viruses（HPV） in Yunnan province and to provide references for epidemiologic studies of HPV in this district. Methods：Totally 5 376 female subjects were de－tected using flow-through hybridization and gene chip technique for HPV genotyping. Infection rate of HPV and the proportion of different HPV subtypes in Yunnan province were counted. Results：（1）Total infection rate of HPV was 12.8% with 20 out of 21 HPV genotypes being detected. Infection rate of single genotype was 10.4%，of two genotypes was 1.8% and of three or more than three genotypes was 0.6%. （2）The most common HPV genotypes were HPV52 and HPV16，followed by HPV58，53，33 and HPV18. Infec－tion of all of these 6 HPV genotypes accounted for 65.4% of the total infection. （3）Infection rates of high risk HPV genotypes in the age groups of ≤25，26-35，36-45 and ≥46 were 7.4%，13.2%，11.6% and 10.3% respectively，with statistical differences between groups（ χ2=15.33，P <0.01）. Infection rates of low risk HPV genotypes in the age groups mentioned above were 1.2%，2.5%，2.2% and 1.3% respectively，without statistical differences between groups（ χ2=6.44，P >0.05）. Conclusions：HPV infection rate in Yunnan province is lower than the average level of China with single genotype infection being the most common. HPV52 and HPV16 are the high risk HPV genotypes and CP8304，HPV11，HPV6 are the low risk HPV genotypes. Infection rate of each HPV genotype is as－sociated with age. Results obtained in this study can provide thoretical evidence for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic condition of common respiratory tract viral infection in hospitalized children in Chongqing. Methods：Totally 19 452 patients hospitalized in respiratory ward from 2009 to 2011 were retro－spectively analyzed. Direct immunofluorescent method was used to detect seven common respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secre－tions including respiratory syncytial virus（RSV），adenovirus（ADV），influenza virus A（IVA），influenza virus B（IVB） and parainfluen－za virus（PIV）. Epidemiological data and diseases caused by viruses in 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results：（1）Positive rates of each virus were RSV 29.23%，ADV 3.98%，IVA 2.54%，IVB 0.47%，PIV1 1.94%，PIV2 0.25%，PIV3 9.83%. （2）Peak periods of RSV infection were December and January. Both PIV3 and ADV were common from April to July. （3）Statistics results of virus infection of different genders（ ?字2=75.014，P=0.000），ages（ ?字2=1 011.396，P=0.000） and seasons（ ?字2=1 070.282，P=0.000） became statistically sig－nificant. （4）In 2009，RSV，PIV3 and IVA were the top 3 viruses among pneumonia，bronchiolitis，bronchitis and laryngotracheobron－chitis children；ADV，IVA and PIV3 were the top 3 viruses in the upper respiratory infection children. （5）In 4 810 pneumonia cases，severe pneumonia were 268 cases and its virus positive rate was 60.07%. Statistics results of virus infection rate between common pneumonia and severe pneumonia were statistically significant（ ?字2=51.160，P=0.000）. Conclusions：（1）Virus was still the main pathogen of respiratory infection disease. RSV still took the first place of viral pathogens，followed by PIV3 and ADV. （2）RSV are com－mon in autumn and winter while ADV and PIV3 are common in spring and summer. （3）Virus infections are relevant with gender，age and season. （4）RSV，PIV3 and IVA are the main viral pathogens in the lower respiratory infection. ADV，IVA and PIV3 are the main viral pathogens in the upper respiratory infection. （5）Virus positive rate and RSV positive rate of severe pneumonia are higher than those of common pneumonia.

Abstract:Objective：To understand the mortality and death cause sequence of residents from diseases surveillance sites in Chongqing so as to provide scientific references for formulating strategies of disease control. Methods：Based on the data from 8 diseases survei-llance sites and international classification of diseases-10，death causes were classified. Crude mortality，age-standardized mortality and proportion of death causes were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare rates. Results：Crude mortality of residents from diseases surveillance sites was 667.79/100 000 and age-standardized mortality was 473.39/100 000. Crude mortality of urban was higher than that of rural（?字2=224.89，P<0.001）. Male’s crude mortality was higher than female’s（?字2=572.44，P<0.001）. Crude mortality of aged more than 65 was higher than that of aged 0-14 and aged 15-64（?字2=114 118.60，P<0.001）. The top five death causes were circular system disease（crude mortality was 249.01/100 000，proportion of death cause was 37.29%），tumor（164.36/100 000，24.61%），respiratory system disease（131.27/100 000，19.66%），injury and poisoning（53.78/100 000，8.05%） and digestive system disease（18.42/100 000，2.76%）. Conclusions：Chronic non-communicable diseases are the diseases harming the residents in Chongqing. In order to actively control the harmfulness of chronic non-communicable diseases，all social parts should be mobilized to carry out health education，change the unhealthy life habits and strengthen environmental protection.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the characteristics and the disposal situation of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing municipality from 2004 to 2012 and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of public health emergencies effectively. Methods：Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the data of the public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing from 2004 to 2012 collected from public health emergency reporting system. Results：A total of 1 973 events（accounting for 80.5% of the total events） of public health emergencies in schools were reported in Chongqing during 2004-2012，which caused 53 290 cases of illness and 9 cases of deaths. Public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing during 2004-2012 were first increased and then descended yearly. Types of events fell mainly on infectious diseases（98.5%），among which respiratory infectious diseases such as mumps as well as hand-foot-and-mouth disease took the lead. Different infectious diseases had different variation trends yearly and mainly occurred from March to June and September to December. Emergencies mainly occurred in primary and middle schools in rural areas. Rate of the direct network report was low（only 22.6%）. Infectious disease events experi－enced a long time. Conclusions：Public health emergencies are key points of school health work，especially in rural schools. Preven－tion，monitor，timely report and efficient handling of infectious diseases are keys to prevent public health emergencies.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the consistency and correlation between invasive blood pressure（IBP） and non-invasive blood pressure（NIBP） in critically illed patients. Methods：Five hundred critically illed patients in department of critical care medicine in General Hospital of NingXia Medical University from March 2010 to March 2012 were randomly enrolled. Right radial artery IBP monitoring and bilateral brachial artery NIBP monitoring were conducted synchronistically. According to IBP level，patients were divided into three groups：group A，systolic blood pressure（SBP）< 90 mmHg，n=116；group B，SBP 90-140 mmHg，n=172；group C，SBP≥140 mmHg，n=212. Methods of correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis were employed to assess the correlation and consistency of NIBP and IBP. Results：（１）Consistency analysis showed that the average difference levels for invasive SBP and non-invasive SBP in group A were accordingly -2.9 mmHg（left brachial artery） and -5.6 mmHg（right brachial artery），in group B（4.5 mmHg and 1.9 mmHg），in group C（20 mmHg and 17.3 mmHg），respectively. Incidences beyond the consistency zone of upper and lower limit in group A were 0.0%，3.4%（left brachial artery） and 0.0%，4.3%（right brachial artery），in group B（1.7%，3.5% and 1.7%，2.3%），in group C（2.0%，0.0% and 2.0%，0.0%），respectively. （２）Consistency analysis showed that average difference levels for invasive diastolic blood pressure（DBP） and non-invasive DBP in group A were accordingly -3.5 mmHg（left brachial artery） and -5.8 mmHg（right brachial artery），in group B（-3.2 mmHg and -3.5 mmHg），in group C（0.3 mmHg and 1.2 mmHg），respectively. Incidences beyond the consistency zone of upper and lower limit in group B were 6.0%，1.7%（left brachial artery） and 3.4%，2.6%（right brachial artery），in group B（1.2%，2.9% and 1.7%，3.5%），in group C（2.4%，4.2% and 3.3%，2.8%），respectively. ③Correlation coefficients between invasive and non-invasive SBP of three groups were accordingly 0.105-0.108（group A），0.417-0.444（group B） and 0.144-0.166（group C）. As to DBP，they were 0.409-0.427（group A），0.598-0.617（group B） and 0.546-0.596（group C）. Conclusions：During hypotension and hypertension in critically illed patients，consistency between IBP and NIBP is obviously decreased. NIBP monitoring tends to overestimate or underestimate patient’s real blood pressure.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate islet β cell function and insulin resistance（IR） in the patients with hepatogenous diabetes（HD）. Methods：Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin releasing test were carried out on 37 patients with hepatogenous diabetes（HD） and 58 patients with type 2 diabetes（T2DM）. Plasma glucose and insulin levels at 0，30，120，180 min were measured. Homeostasis mod－el assessment islet beta cell function（HOMA-β），early phase indexes of insulin secretion（EISI） and late phase indexes of insulin secretion（LISI） were used to evaluate islet beta cell function. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance（HOMA-IR） and hepatic insulin resistance index（HIR） were used to assess IR. Results：Fasting plasma glucose level in HD group was lower than that in T2DM group，but 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose，insulin level at each time point，HOMA-IR，HIR，HOMA-β and LISI in HD group were significantly higher than those in T2DM group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in age，sex，disease course and glycosylated hemoglobin Alc and EISI between HD and T2DM groups（P>0.05）. Conclusions：Patients with HD may present high postprandial plasma glucose，early phase insulin secretion damage and hyperinsulinemia with IR.

Abstract:Objective：To observe whether telephone guidance by specialists can improve the efficacy of the treatment for stable coronary heart disease or can reduce incidence of major cardiovascular events. Methods：Totally 200 patients with stable coronary heart disease were divided into telephone guidance group（n=100） and control group（n=100）. Patients in telephone guidance group re－ceived the specialists’ telephone guidance every 2 months. Indicators included the compliance of healthy life style，rate of taking cura－tive standard medicines，major cardiovascular events and patients’satisfaction degree. Results：Patient’s compliance of healthy life style，rate of taking curative standard medicines and patients’satisfaction degree were all higher in telephone guidance group than in control group（P＜0.05），but incidences of major cardiovascular events（myocardial infarction，readmission，revascularization of coro－nary artery，cardiac death） were lower in telephone guidance group than in control group（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Telephone guidance by specialists can improve the efficacy of the treatment for stable coronary heart disease and reduce incidence of major cardiovascular events.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effects of sperm with different parameters on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection（ICSI）. Methods：Totally 290 ICSI cycles were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into 5 groups according to sperm parame－ters：group A（normal sperm forms or mild oligoastheno-teratozoospermia），group B（severe oligozoospermia），group C（severe astheno－zoospermia），group D（severe teratozoospermia），group E（severe oligoastheno-teratozoospermia）. Fertilization rate，cleavage rate，transferable embryos rate，good quality embryos rate，implantation and pregnancy rates were compared between the groups. Results：Fertilization rate，cleavage rate，transferable embryos rate and good quality embryos rate were not significantly different among the 5 groups（ χ2=1.27，P=0.87； χ2=1.34，P=0.86； χ2=0.56，P=0.97； χ2=1.39，P=0.85）. The chemical pregnancy rate，embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were lower in group D and E than in group A（ χ2=12.1，P=0.00； χ2=10.15，P=0.00； χ2=10.78，P=0.00； χ2=9.90，P=0.00； χ2=8.13，P=0.00； χ2=11.78，P=0.00），B（ χ2=6.04，P=0.01； χ2=7.79，P=0.01； χ2=7.21，P=0.01； χ2=4.29，P=0.04； χ2=5.63，P=0.02； χ2=7.21，P=0.01）and C（ χ2=7.01，P=0.01； χ2=6.47，P=0.01； χ2=6.95，P=0.01； χ2=5.14，P=0.02； χ2=4.35，P=0.04； χ2=7.01，P=0.01）. Conclusions：Sperms of different parameters used in ICSI treatment can not affect the fertilization rate. Severe teratozoospermia can reduce the implantation and pregnancy rates after ICSI treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss on CT and MRI imaging features and treatment of cavernous hemangioma in cavernous sinus（CHCS） and to promote the diagnostic and treatment level. Methods：Totally 13 patients with surgically and pathologically verified CHCS were reviewed. All cases were examined by CT and MRI plain scan and contrast-enhanced scan． Results：Lesions located at the left side in seven cases and at the right side in six cases with the length of 3.5-6.8 cm（4.6 cm in average）. Eleven cases were ‘dumbbell-shaped’ or ‘gourd-like’ and 2 cases were in round shape. Ipsilateral internal carotid artery of 13 cases were wrapped or extruded and middle cerebral artery of five cases were pressed，without showing obvious lumen narrow，exact feeding arteries and draining veins. There was no edema around and four cases were in association with the sphenoid mild bone absorption erosion. CT scan of 12 cases showed evenly or slightly higher density，CT scan of one case showed hemorrhage and unevenly high density and no calcification and cystic degen－eration was observed. On T1WI of MRI scan，six cases exhibited cerebral gray matter signal，six cases exhibited slightly below cerebral gray matter signal and one case showed heterogeneous high signal. T2WI showed evenly high signal similar to cerebrospinal fluid in 12 cases and one case exhibited mixed-signal. Enhanced CT scan showed that five cases were evenly moderately enhanced and eight cases were significantly strengthened. Enhanced MRI of 13 patients showed that all patients were significantly strengthened and 6 cas－es were evenly enhanced at early stage and unevenly enhanced at late stage with more significant degree and similar delay filling en－hancement patterns. On DWI maps，nine cases showed equal signal，two cases with slightly higher signal，one case with mixed-signal and one case with slightly lower signal. Apparent diffusion coefficient（ADC） maps showed a significantly higher signal and ADC val－ue was （1.56±0.37）×10-3 mm2/s. Conclusions：CT and MRI findings of CHCS have some characteristic and are helpful for preoper－ative diagnosis. CT and MRI examination can show accurately the anatomical relationship of lesions，blood vessels and nerves and have important guiding value for clinical treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the auxiliary application of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in patients undergoing endoscopic nasal surgery under local anesthesia. Methods：A total of 60 patients of American Society of AnesthesiologyⅠ，Ⅱ undergoing elective endoscopic nasal surgery were randomly divided into two groups（30 cases in each group）：dexmedetomidine group（group D） and control group（group C）. 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was infused slowly for 10 min in patients of group D by intravenous pump be－fore operation，and then it was infused continuously until the end of the operation at velocity of 0.5 μg/（kg·h）. The same volume of saline was infused continuously until the end of the operation in control group. Endoscopic nasal surgery was completed under local anesthesia in both groups. Patients’ mean arterial pressure（MAP），heart rate（HR），saturation of pulse oxygen（SPO2），respiratory rate（RR），score of sedation or analgesia and adverse reactions were recorded in two groups at the following time points：before anesthesia（T0），operation beginning（T1），30 min during operation（T2），end of the operation（T3）. Results：HR，MAP，RR，visual analogue scale score，in group D were significantly lower than those in group C at T1，T2，T3（P<0.01） but Ramsay score in group D was significantly higher than that in group C at T1，T2，T3（P<0.01）. There was no difference in SPO2 at every time point in the two groups（P >0.05）. There was no significant difference in incidences of nausea，vomiting，respiratory inhibition in D group（P >0.05）. Conclusions：In－travenous administration of low dose of dexmedetomidine could relieve pain in patients undergoing endoscopic nasal surgery under local anesthesia，reduce fluctuation of hemodynamic and exert certain sedative effects without inhibiting respiratory inhibition，there－fore it is worthy of clinical application.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the changes in plasma Apelin and Visfatin levels in the population with different glucose toler－ance and to explore their correlation with body mass index（BMI），waist hip ratio（WHR），blood glucose，plasma insulin levels as well as other factors. Methods：Plasma levels of Apelin and Visfatin levels in the fasting plasma were assayed by ELISA in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM），impaired glucose tolerance（IGT），and controls. Relationship between plasma Apelin，Visfatin levels and BMI，HOMA-insulin resistance index，blood lipid，fasting plasma glucose（FPG），plasma insulin levels were also analyzed. Re－sults：（1）There was no difference in plasma Apelin levels among groups（F=0.145，P >0.05）. Levels of plasma Visfatin in T2DM pa－tients were significantly reduced compared with those in controls and IGT patients（11.88±8.33（μg/L） vs. 18.10±5.83（μg/L），P=0.000；11.88±8.33（μg/L） vs. 17.83±11.88（μg/L），P=0.000） and levels of plasma Visfatin in IGT patients were significantly re－duced compared with those of controls（17.83±11.88（μg/L） vs. 18.10±5.83（μg/L），P=0.024）. （2）Plasma Apelin levels were posi－tively correlated with total cholesterol（TC），low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and FPG（r=0.30，P=0.021；r=0.32，P=0.015；r=0.29，P=0.027） and were negatively with systolic blood pressure（SBP）and diastolic blood pressure（DBP）（r=-0.36，P=0.006；r=-0.30，P=0.020）. Visfatin levels were positively correlated with WHR（r=0.51，P=0.000） and were negatively with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c）（r=-0.29，P=0.025）. （3）Multiple regression analysis showed that SBP，FPG，Visfatin，TC and free fatty acids were indepen－dent related factors influencing plasma Apelin levels，and WHR，HbA1c，Apelin and DBP were independent related factors influenc－ing plasma Visfatin levels. Conclusions：Changes of Apelin and Visfatin levels are associated with glucose metabolism，and they may contribute，in part，to the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the function of autologous arteriovenous fistulae（AVF） in hemodialysis by ultrasound and to explore the value of ultrasound. Methods：Totally 46 patients with end-stage renal disease，who established AVF first，were enrolled in this study. Radial artery and cephalic vein of AVF before operation and at 2，4，6 weeks after operation were monitored by ultrasound. The circumstances of the first hemodialysis were follewed. Results：（1）Radial artery diameter（RAD），radial artery volume flow（RVF），cephalic vein diameter（CVD） were statistically different before operation and at 2，4，6 weeks after operation（P＜0.01）. Cephalic vein volume flow（CVF） was statistically different at 2，4，6 weeks after operation（P＜0.01）. There were statistical differences in RVF，CVF between patients with end-to-side and end-to-end anastomosis（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）. Interactive effects of time and anastomosis type on RAD，RVF and CVF were considered statistically significant（P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.01）. Mature rate of AVF was 87% at 6 weeks postoperatively. Pump controlling blood flows of 38 patients were enough in the first hemodialysis. （2）4 patients experienced complications. Conclusions：（1）Ultrasound can be used to evaluate the function of AVF in hemodialysis. （2）End-to-side anasto－mosis will more easily lead high flow of AVF.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate therapeutic effects of repaglinide with insulin glargine and insulin pump in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods：Totally 60 patients preliminary diagnosed as type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups. Pa－tients in the two groups respectively accepted repaglinide with insulin glargine therapy and insulin pump therapy. Ｔhe dosage was ad－justed on the basis of blood glucose level. Changes in fasting blood glucose（FBG），2-hour postprandial plama glucose（2 h PG），rate of glycosylated hemoglobin A１c（HbA１c） and blood lipid of two groups before and after therapy were observed and compared. Results：Levels of FBG，2 h PG and rate of HbAlc were significantly degraded after the therapy（P=0.000 3，0.000 1，0.000 2；P=0.000 4，0.000 2，0.000 2；P＜0.05）. Levels of total triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC） and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol（LDL-C） were decreased and levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol（HDL-C） were increased. There was no statistical difference in FBG，2 h PG，HbA1c，TC，TG，HDL-C and LDL-C between both groups（P=0.42，0.24，0.35，0.48，0.17，0.54，0.54，P ＞0.05）. Conclusions：Repaglin－ide with insulin glargine schedule is an ideally therapy for type 2 diabetes and its curative effect is equivalence to insulin pump.