Abstract:【Abstract】Objective: This study aimed to detect the expression of P-gp in pediatric hodgkin lymphoma,nonhodgkin lymphoma and Nephroblastoma,which can provide a theoretical basis for individual chemotherapy in clinical. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of P-gp in pediatric tumors(26HL,24NHL and 32WT), and we can evaluated the relationship between P-gp and the clinical characteristics of tumors. Results: (1)The positive expression rates of P-gp was 57.7%,70.8%,65.6% in HL, NHL and WT.(2)There was no significant difference among HL and NHL(P=0.39),WT and adjacent normal tissues(( P=1.00) about the positive expression rates of P-gp.(3) The positive expression rates of P-gp was closely related to clinical stage, LDH, lymphnode metastasis in HL(P=0.03, P=0.05), and was related to the clinical stages in NHL(P=0.02). There was no significant correlation between the espression of P-gp with histological type, clinical stage, lymphnode metastasis, and preoperative chemotherapy time. Conclusion: (1)The high positive expression of P-gp correlate with tumor resistant of HL, NHL and WT, and there is one of unfavorable factors in prognosis.(2) According to resistance protein expression,we can better choice chemotherapy drugs in clinical, in orde to the tumor children use sensitive durg.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective：To explorer the effect of valsartan on the expression of CaMKII in Juvenile rat with Heart Failure(HF). Methods: The animal model of heart failure was established by abdominal aortic constriction （AAC）in 3 weeks old SD rats ，while the establishment of the sham operation group. 4 weeks later, the rats with heart failure were randomly divided into 2 group：HF group，valsartan treatment group. Valsartan were taken through direct gastric gavage everyday. HF group and sham operation group were given placebos.8 weeks later, high frequency ultrasound was employed to measure left ventricular-internal dimension systole（LVIDs）、left ventricular-internal diastolic diameter(LVIDd)、left ventricular end-systolic volume（LVESV）、left ventricular end diastolic volume( LVEDV)、left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）、left ventricular fractional shortening（LVFS）of rats. Left and right ventricular mass index (LVMI, RVMI) were calculated. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of CaMKII and subunits. Results: Compared with the sham operation group (n=8)， LVIDs and LVESV were increased（F =21.082,P <0.001；F =14.178，P =0.001），LVEF and LVFS were all significantly decreased（F =103.766，P <0.001；F =62.953，P <0.001），LVMI was increased (F =13.272，P =0.01)，the expression of CaMKII was increased by 1.95 fold (F =7.541，P =0.026), the expression of CaMKII subunits (δB δ9) was increased to 1.93 fold (F =7.042，P =0.029)，and the expression of CaMKIIδC was increased to 1.93 fold (F =6.714，P =0.045) in HF group(n=10). After the treatment，no significant difference of LVIDs、LVIDd 、LVESV、LVEDV 、LVEF 、LVFS 、LVMI and the expression of CaMKII was found between valsartan treatment group and sham operation group（P >0.05）. Conclusion: The expression of CaMKII in juvenile rats with HF was increased. Valsartan can improve cardiac contractile function with heart failure, which may be associated with reduced expression of CaMKII in ventricular myocytes .

Abstract:Objective: To review the phenomenon of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and analyze its risk causing factors in very low birth weight infants ( VLBWI). Method: A retrospective review is chosen for hospitalized premature infants from September 2009 to June 2011 in neonatal intensive care unit in Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Inclusion criteria: birth weight <1500g, admission time<24hours, hospital stays≥14d,and free of congenital anomalies and heredity metabolic diseases which have a bad impact on individual growth and development. Exclusion criteria: hospital stays<14d, abandon therapy or

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the physique growth of infants born with different weights within 6 months after birth. Methods：Totally 341 infants were recruited in this cohort study from the department of child health care in two hospitals in Chongqing from April 2010 to January 2012，including 145 macrosomia（M） and 196 normal birth weight（NBW） infants. Follow-up visit was carried out monthly with questionnaire and physique examination until the infants reaching the 6th month. Results：Overweight incidences of M infants aged 0-6 months were 5.8%，7.0%，4.7%，8.1%，12.8%，7.0% while those of NBW infants were respectively 1.4%，1.4%，5.0%，5.0%，4.2%，8.4%. Overweight occurred in both groups and significant differences were observed between M group and NBW group at the 5th month（?字2=5.695，P=0.034）. In M group，weight growth velocity of baby boy was faster than that of baby girl at 1-month-old（t=2.327，P=0.022），however，the result was inversed at 4-5 month-old（t=-2.216，P=0.029）. Weight growth velocity of M infants was slower at the first 3 months compared with that of NBW infants（t=-6.883，P=0.000）. There was no difference in growth of body length between two groups. The correlation anal－ysis demonstrated that weight-for-length Z score at 6-month-old was positively correlated with birth weight（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Development is faster in M infants than in NBW infants at 0-6 month，however，weight growth velocity is slower in M infants than in NBW infants at the first 3 months. Overweight incidence of 5-month-old M infants is the highest. Correlation is observed between birth weight and weight-for-length Z score at 6-month-old.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the status of mental health and its relationship with mental resilience in children living in rural three gorges area. Methods：With the mental health test and resilience youth and development module scales，922 children in middle schools were investigated. The participants were chosen through the multiple stratified cluster sampling. Results：①The detection rate of men－tal problem in left-behind children was 7.4%，which was not significantly different from that of non left-behind children（t=-3.393，P=0.084）. ②Compared with those of non left-behind children，left-behind children had higher scores in learning anxiety，loneliness tendency and physical symptoms（P<0.05）. ③Except for learning anxiety and self-accusation tendency，the other mental health sub-scale scores were all negatively related with mental resilience（P<0.05）. Conclusions：The mental problem detection rate in children in rural three gorges areas is lower than the national level and is not significantly different from that of non left-behind children. But the general mental health，learning anxiety and physical symptoms of left-behind children are worse than non-left-behind children. The higher mental resilience，the better mental health，therefore，when conducting health education，the above details could be tak－en into consideration.

Abstract:Objective：To study the incidences of childhood obesity between urban and rural area in Chongqing and its related factors. Methods：According to the cluster sampling method，a total of 77 411 school-age children aged 6 to 18 years from Chongqing urban and rural area were enrolled. Height，weight and body mass index（BMI） were measured. According to the method of stratified cluster sampling，4 400 children from 2 urban schools and 3 rural schools were extracted to fill obesity influencing factors questionnaires. Children were divided into obese group and control group according to BMI，childhood obesity related multivariate Logistic regression analysis was made and differences of obesity risk factors between urban and rural were compared. Results：（1）Overall obesity inci－dences among school-age children in Chongqing were 8.23%，9.70% in urban and 5.32% in rural areas（P<0.000 1）. （2）Obesity re－lated factors logistic regression analysis demonstrated that birth weight，meat，fried food，beverage，snack intake frequency，maternal smoking and family history of obesity were risk factors for childhood obesity in urban area；breastfeeding，vegetable intake frequency and vitamin supplements were protective factors. At the same time，birth weight，fried foods，milk products，snack intake frequency，parents BMI were risk factors for childhood obesity in rural area；breastfeeding was protective factor. （3）Urban children ate more meat，fried foods and milk product than rural children；family obesity history rate was higher while breastfeeding rate was lower in urban children than in rural children（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Childhood obesity incidence of urban area is higher than that of rural area in Chongqing and the influencing factors are maternal nutrition during pregnancy，maternal smoking，feeding mode，way of life and family history of obesity. To control childhood obesity in urban，we should focus on advocating smoking cessation during pregnancy，raising breast feeding rate and controlling meat，fried food，sugary drinks，snack intake of children. Childhood obesity incidence is lower in rural area than in urban area，but the growth rate is higher in rural area than in urban area；measures should be taken to im－prove children’s dietary patterns and control fried foods，milk products and snack intake to avoid recommitting the same error of ur－ban children.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the influences of different feeding ways on physical development and nutritional status of macrosomia. Methods：Totally 377 macrosomia were recruited from Chongqing Maternal and Child Care Service Ｃentre and the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University as subjects in this cohort study including 155 in pure breastfeeding group，142 in partial breastfeeding group and 80 in artificial feeding group. In follow-up tracking，the weights and lengths were measured when the macrosomia at postna－tal 1-6，8，10，12 months old. Changes of weight for age Z score（WAZ） between delivery and at 12 months old was used to evaluate the growth rate；weight for length Z score（WLZ） was used to evaluate their nutritional status. Results：Weight of macrosomias was sig－nificantly lower in pure breastfeeding group than in other two groups when at 10 months old and 12 months old（10 months old：F=4.015，P=0.021；12 months old：F=5.093，P=0.008）. There was no significant difference in length of macrosomias among three feeding groups. Growth velocities in three feeding groups were in negative growth and there was no significant difference among them. There was no significant difference in overweight incidence among three feeding groups. Conclusions：Growth rate of macrosomia within 1 year is decreased. Pure breastfeeding as the main feeding pattern can improve the macrosomia’s physical development. In addition，par－tial breastfeeding and formula feeding may potentially trigger the occurrence of obesity.

Abstract:Objective：To review the phenomenon of extrauterine growth retardation（EUGR） and to analyze its risk causing factors a－mong very low birth weight infants（VLBWI）. Methods：A retrospective review was conducted for hospitalized premature infants from September 2009 to June 2011 in neonatal intensive care unit in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Inclusion criteria：birth weight <1 500 g，admission time <24 h，hospital stays ≥14 d and free of congenital anomalies and heredity metabolic diseases which have a bad impact on individual growth and development. Exclusion criteria：hospital stays <14 d，abandoning treat－ment or dying before discharge. Selected infants were divided into EUER group and non-EUGR group. Chi-square test，t-test，rank-sum test and binary logistic regression were adopted for statistical analysis. Results：Among included 87 cases of VLBWI，there were 74 cases（85.1%） of EUGR and 13 cases（14.9%） of non-EUGR. Incidence of intrauterine growth retardation（IUGR） was higher in EUGR group（27.6%） than in non-EUGR group（0%）. Average gestational age，average discharge age，time of returning to birth weight and time of starting enteral nutrition were longer in EUGR group than in non-EUGR group（P<0.05），however discharge oral energy was lower in EUGR group than in non-EUGR group（P<0.05）. According to the logistic regression，risk factors causing EUGR includ－ed：IUGR（OR=0.77），delayed enteral nutrition（OR=12.081），delayed returning to birth weight（OR=48.404）（P<0.05）. Conclusions：IUGR，delayed enteral nutrition and delayed returning to birth weight are risk factors of EUGR among VLBWI.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the food allergy（FA） and its risk factors in pre-school children in Guangdong province through a self-designed questionnaire，to deepen the understanding of FA in children，to provide evidences for prevention and treatment of al－lergic diseases in children. Methods：Questionnaire was designed according to the epidemiological characteristics of local allergic diseases in Guangdong province. Parents of kindergarten children in different areas in Guangdong province were selected to fill in the questionnaire. Relevant investigators followed the parents were investigated by phone call to confirm the effectiveness of the question－naires collected. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics，Chi-square test，logistic regression model and Spearman correlation analysis. Results：（1）Of 2 761 copies of questionnaires，2 540 were valid and 221 were invalid，giving a valid answer rate of 92%. Of the valid copies，1 331 were male（52.4%） and 1 209 were female（47.6 %），with an average age of （4.6±1.1） years. Questionnaire results demonstrated that incidence of FA was 4.0% and the common allergic symptoms were skin symptoms. Common food items leading to adverse food reactions were seafood（shrimp 4.4%，crabs 3.2%，fish 0.6%），high-protein food（milk and dairy products 1.9%，egg white 1.4%，beef 0.7%），dried fruit and seeds（peanut 0.4%，soybeans 0.2%，cashew nuts，hazelnuts，almonds and other nuts 0.1%），and fruit（mango 2.3%）. （2）Eggs，milk and milk prod－ucts were the most common food leading to adverse food reac－tions in children aged 0-3 years. This ratio was reduced dra－matically after the age of four. （3）Based on logistic regression analysis，we found that if the first degree relatives suffered from FA（OR=9.683（5.261-17.822），Ρ=0.000） and allergy rhinitis（OR=1.958（1.029-3.727），Ρ=0.041），the risk of children suffered from FA would increased. （4）Relevance of various types of allergy revealed were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis，the results demonstrated that there were statistical differences in correlation coefficients among FA and drug allergy（rs=0.049，Ρ=0.035），atopic dermatitis（rs=0.052，Ρ=0.023），bronchial asthma（rs=0.051，Ρ=0.025），eye allergy（rs=0.071，Ρ=0.002） and allergic rhinitis（rs=0.059，Ρ=0.01）. Conclusions：Incidence of FA in children in Guangdong province is higher than expectation，close to those in the United States and Europe，though the allergens are not completely consistent. Although allergy to high-protein molecules is common in infants whose gastrointestinal function is immature，allergy to milk，dairy products and eggs will be reduced with increasingly improved diges－tive function and the immune system in most young children. The best method for managing FA is not to eat allergenic food and the best way to determine FA for children who have allergies or have a family history of allergy is go to the hospital for a test.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the reference intervals of serum Kalium ion（K+），Natrium ion（Na+），Chlorine ion（Cl-），total cal－cium（TCa），total carbon dioxide （TCO2），fasting blood glucose（FBG） and C-reactive protein（CRP） among healthy preschool children（aged from 3 to 6 years） by dry chemical system in Shenzhen. Methods：Stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to select children aged from 3 to 6 years and 839 healthy children were selected for intravenous blood extraction. Serum K+，Na+，Cl-，TCa，TCO2，FBG and CRP in venous blood were detected by the VITROS 350 system and the data were analyzed by statistical meth－ods. Results：Reference intervals of serum K+，Na+，Cl-，TCa，TCO2，FBG and CRP were respectively 3.8-4.9，136-146，102-110，2.29-2.63，20-28，4.0-6.1 mmol/L and 0-7 mg/L. Conclusions：Reference intervals of serum K+，Na+，Cl-，TCa，TCO2，FBG and CRP are established by dry chemical system among healthy preschool children in Shenzhen. It can provide better references for clinical di－agnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the expressions of focal adhesion kinase（FAK），phospho-focal adhesion kinase Y397（FAKpY397） and sceroid recptor coactivator（Src） in heaptocellular carcinoma（HCC） and the relationship among them. Methods：Expressions of FAK，FAKpY397 and Src in 8 cases of normal tissues and 44 cases of HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemical techniques and manual counting. Results：Expressions of FAK，FAKpY397 and Src were higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues（P=0.027，P=0.041，P=0.030） and had relationship with the differentiation of HCC（P=0.026，P=0.045，P=0.005）. Expressions of FAK and Src were higher in low differentiated HCC than in high differentiated HCC（P=0.015，P=0.002）. Positive relationship was found between expres－sions of FAK，FAKpY397 and Src in HCC tissues（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000）. Conclusions：Expressions of FAK，FAKpY397 and Src in HCC tissues have relationship with the differentiation of HCC. Expressions of FAK and Src are higher in low differentiated HCC than in high differentiated HCC and correlation is existed between them.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate PTP4A1 gene expressions in human tongue squamous cancer tissues and TCA8113 cell line and to explore the relationship between PTP4A1 expressions and clinicopathological features of human tongue squamous cancer. Methods：Expressions of PTP4A1 in 30 cases of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma and 15 cases of normal tongue mucosa paraffin-embed－ded specimens were examined by immunohistochemical technology and in 15 freshly-taken tongue squamous tissues and TCA8113 cells by real-time PCR. Results：Immunoreactive staining was located in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus of human tongue squamous cancer. Positive rate of PTP4A1 in human tongue squamous cancer was 83%，which was remarkably higher than that in normal tongue tissue 33.3%（P=0.001<0.05），with significant differences. Expression of PTP4A1 was closely related with lymphatic metastases（P=0.014<0.05），but had no relationship with age，gender，tumor size，and clinical stage. Result of real-time PCR also showed that PTP4A1 mRNA level was higher in human tongue squamous cancer tissues and TCA8113 cells than in para-carcinoma and normal tissues（P=0.000<0.05）. Conclusions：Both PTP4A1 mRNA and protein expressions are higher in human tongue squamous cancer tissues than in para-carcinoma and normal tongue tissues. PTP4A1 expression may play a significant role in human tongue squamous cancer develop－ment and metastases.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the expressions of P-glycoprotein（P-gp） in pediatric Hodgkin disease（HL），non-Hodgkin disease（NHL） and Wilms’ tumor（WT） and to provide theoretical basis for individual chemotherapy in clinics. Methods：Immunohistochem－istry was performed to detect the expressions of P-gp in pediatric tumors（26 cases of HL，24 cases of NHL and 32 cases of WT） and relationship between expressions of P-gp and clinical characteristics of tumors was evaluated. Results：（1）Positive expression rates of P-gp were 57.7%，70.8%，65.6% in HL，NHL and WT. （2）There was no significant difference in P-gp expressions between HL and NHL（P=0.39），between WT and adjacent normal tissues（P=1.00）. （3）Positive expression of P-gp was closely related with lactate dehydrogenase，lymphnode metastasis in HL（P=0.03，P=0.05） and was related with clinical stages in NHL（P=0.02）. There was no significant correlation between expressions of P-gp and histological type，clinical stage，lymphnode metastasis and preoperative chemotherapy of WT. Conclusions：（1）High positive expression of P-gp correlates with tumor resistant of HL，NHL and WT and is one of the unfavorable factors for prognosis. （2）According to expressions of tumor resistant protein，we can better chose chemotherapy drugs in clinics and make children with tumor use sensitive drug.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of nuclear factor with BRCT domains protein 1（NFBD1）gene silencing on apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC） cells. Methods：Retroviruses expressing NFBD1 shRNA were applied to infect NPC cell line HNE-1. Real-time PCR and Western bolt were used to confirm the inhibitory effects of retroviruses against NFBD1. Flow cytometry（FCM），TUNEL and Hoechest33342 staining methods were used to tested cell apoptosis. Results：NFBD1 shRNA retrovirus can inhibit mRNA and protein expressions of NFBD1 efficiently and specifically. According to the results of Hoechst33342 staining，nucleus exhibiting pycnosis and marginalization were increased significantly in experimental group than in control group（ χ2=5.367，P=0.021）. Accord－ing to the results of TUNEL staining，apoptotic cells presenting fluorescence were increased significantly in experimental group than in control group. According to the results of FCM，cell apoptosis was significantly increased in experimental group than in control group（ χ2=326.86，P＜0.001）. Conclusions：NFBD1 gene silencing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE-1 can effectively promote the HNE-1 apoptosis，which provide new ideas for treatment of NPC.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate expressions of programmed cell death 5（PDCD5） in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） and to explore its role in NSCLC occurrence and development. Methods：Cancer tissue and adjacent cancer tissue samples of 56 patients with NSCLC who received thoracic surgery and pathology confirmation from July 2011 to December in the first affiliated hospital of Nan－chang University were collected. Expressions of PDCD5 protein and mRNA were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR in NSCLC and adjacent cancer tissues. Results：Immunohistochemical results showed that PDCD5 positive expression rate was significantly higher in adjacent cancer tissues than in NSCLC tissues（ χ2=16.406，P=0.000）. PDCD5 positive expression rate was closely related with smoking，tumor differentiation，tumor TNM stage and lymph node metastasis，with statistically significant differ－ences. PDCD5 positive expression rate was decreased with the decline of smoking and differentiation degree and the elevation of TNM staging and lymph node metastasis；meanwhile，intensity of staining was also weaken. Real-time PCR results showed that PDCD5 mRNA relative expression was 0.397±0.266 in NSCLC tissues and 0.807±0.126 in adjacent tissues with statistically significant dif－ferences（t=10.795，P=0.000）. Conclusions：Expressions PDCD5 protein and mRNA are down-regulated，which may play an inhibitory role in NSCLC occurrence and development.

Abstract:Objective：To study expressions and clinical significances of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） and hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in prostate cancer. Methods：RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry SP method were used to detect NF-κB and HIF-1α mRNA and protein expressions in 62 cases of prostate cancer tissues and 17 cases of prostatic hyperplasia tissues. Results：（１）RT-PCR results showed that NF-κB and HIF-1α mRNA expression levels were relatively significantly higher in prostate cancer group than in prostatic hyperplasia group，with statistical differences（P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results showed that positive expression rates of NF-κB and HIF-1α proteins in prostate cancer group were 62.90% and 66.13%，8.33% and 5.88%，significantly higher than those in prostatic hyperplasia group with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.（２）Expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1α were correlated with Gleason grade and clinical stages of prostate cancer（P<0.05），but not with age（P >0.05）. （３）Expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1α were positively correlated（rs=0.368，P<0.05）. Conclusions：Overexpression of NF-κB and HIF-1α may be involved in the pathogene－sis and progression of prostate cancer.Moreover，NF-κB and HIF-1α may be correlated with the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expressions of fibroblast growth factor 19（FGF19） and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 （FGFR4） in esophageal squamous carcinoma and normal esophageal tissues and their correlation. Methods：Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the FGF19 and FGFR4 protein expressions in 34 postoperative pathological specimens of esophageal squa－mous carcinoma in patients in our hospital from 2009-2012 and normal esophageal tissues. Statistics analysis was made after the de－tection. Results：FGF19 and FGFR4 expressions were high in esophageal squamous carcinoma（P=0.000，P=0.000）. There was a posi－tive linear correlation between expressions of FGFR4 and FGF19 and lymph node metastasis（rs=0.401，P=0.019；rs=0.404，P=0.018） and pathological stage（rs=0.495，P=0.003；rs=0.439，P=0.009） in esophageal squamous carcinoma. Expressions of FGFR4 and FGF19 were in a positive linear correlation in the disease. Conclusions：FGF19 and FGFR4 proteins are correlated with esophageal squamous carcinoma and they participate in the process of invasion and metastasis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate expressions of fibulin-5 and their relationship with angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian tumor. Methods：Blood flow signals of ovarian tumor were detected preoperatively by color Doppler ultrasound and resistance index（RI） was used for analysis. Expressions of fibulin-5 and CD34 in 89 patients with epithelial ovarian tumor were assessed by immunohistochemi－cal SP method after operation. Microvessel density（MVD） was counted with endothelial cells marked by CD34.Relationship between expressions of fibulin-5 and tumor biological behavior was analyzed by MVD combined with clinical pathological parameters. Correla－tion among fibulin-5，MVD and RI in epithelial ovarian carcinoma was analyzed． Results：There were significant differences in positive expression of fibulin-5 among benign，border and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors（ ?字2=20.654，P=0.000）. MVD among benign，bor－der and malignant tumors showed ascendant trend and there were significant differences between groups（F=88.97，P=0.000）. Median of RI was significantly lower in ovarian carcinoma than in benign epithelial ovarian tumor（ ?字2=12.200，P=0.002） and it was negatively correlated with MVD（rs=-0.676，P=0.000）. There were statistical significances in positive expressions of fibulin-5 among different clinical stages in ovarian carcinoma，but there was no difference among different age，differentiation degrees and pathological types. Positive expressions of fibulin-5 in ovarian carcinomas were negatively correlated with MVD（rs=-0.650，P=0.000） and were positively correlated with RI（rs=0.430，P=0.004）. Conclusions：Expression of fibulin-5 protein is reduced with the progression of epithelial ovari－an tumor and it is correlated with the tumor angiogenesis.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the expressions of hepatocyte growth factor（HGF）/c-Met system in nasal inverted papilloma and to explore the relationship between HGF/c-Met expressions and malignant transformation. Methods：Totally 30 cases of defined nasal in－verted papilloma and 12 cases of nasal malignant papilloma were chosen as experimental group while 28 cases of nasal polyps and 18 cases of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis were defined as control group. All samples were selected in our hospital from 2005 to 2010. Sur－gical treatment was applied to dissect the disease tissues，immunohistochemical SP was used to detect the expressions of HGF/c-Met and staining scores of the samples were calculated. HGF and c-Met mRNA level of removed tissues were detected by real-time PCR. Results：Statical score of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group. In experimental group，score of malig－nant palilloma was higher than that of inverte papilloma. Real-time PCR results were similar to those of immunohistochemistry. Con－clusions：High expressions of HGF/c-Met may relate with malignant transformation of inverted papilloma. Detecting HGF/c-Met ex－pression may provide references for judging the malignant risk and prognosis of inverted papilloma.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship between expressions of Ezrin protein and distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carci－noma（NPC）. Methods：Clinical data and biopsy samples of 76 patients with NPC were collected. Ezrin protein expressions were de－tected by immunohistochemical SP method. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the metastasis risk and logistic regression analysis was applied to judge the risk factors of NPC distant metastasis. Results：Positive expression rate of Ezrin protein was 63.2% （48/76），which was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis（P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of distant metastasis in NPC included T stage，cervical lymph node metastasis and positive expression of Ezrin （P<0.05）. NPC patients with Ezrin positive expressions had higher metastasis risk（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Ezrin protein positive ex－pression is significantly related with metastasis of NPC and can be used as predictor of NPC distant metastasis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） of three sites of klotho（KL） gene with left ventricle hypertrophy（LVH）in the elderly essential hypertension（EH） patients. Methods：Eligible 362 elderly patients with EH were recruited. Genomic DNA of leukocytes was extracted from venous blood and the single allele specific prime PCR technique was used to detect allele genetypes of three SNP sites of KL gene. Left ventricular mass including left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension（LVED），left ventricular posterior wall thickness（ＬVPWT） and interventricular septal thickness（IVST） were determined by color echocardiogram simultaneously. Height and weight were also detected. Results：Frequency of allele GG genetype of KL G-395A SNP was lower in EH with LVH subgroup than in EH without LVH subgroup（P＜0.05）. According to sex stratification analysis，fre－quency of allele GG genetype was obviously lower in female EH patients with LVH than in female EH patients without LVH（P＜0.05）. Frequency of allele AA genetype of KL G-395A SNP was higher in EH with LVH subgroup than in EH without LVH subgroup（P＜0.05），but it was not significantly different between males and females. There was no difference in frequencies of allele CC，CS and SS genetypes of KL C-370S SNP and allele FF，FV and VV genetypes of KＬ F352V SNP between EH with LVH subgroup and EH without LVH subgroup（P >0.05）. Conclusions：G-395A SNP of KＬ gene is associated with LVH in elderly EH patients and female EH patients carrying GG allelotype of G-395A SNP are less likely to suffer from LVH.

Abstract:Objective：To compare three different procedures，including percutaneous transcatheter closure，open-heart surgery and transthoracic minimally invasive surgery and to analyze which procedure is possibly the best option in treatment of ventricular septal defect（VSD） in children. Methods：The study involved 250 children with VSD in our hospital during the period from January 1，2011 to December 31，2011. One hundred and twenty-three children were treated by percutaneous transcatheter closure（transcatheter group），104 by traditional open-heart surgery（open-heart group） and 23 by transthoracic minimally invasive surgery（minimally inva－sive surgery group）. Results：Operation time，volume of blood transfusion，postoperative ventilation duration，intensive care unit（ICU） care duration，hospitalized duration were significantly longer in open-heart group than in transcatheter group and minimally inva－sive surgery group（P<0.001）. Blood transfusion，mechanical ventilation and ICU care were unneeded in transcatheter group. Opera－tion time and postoperative hospitalized duration in minimally invasive surgery group were significantly longer than those in tran－scatheter group（P<0.001）. There was no statistical difference in operation success rate and major complication incidences among three groups（P >0.05）. Conclusions：Three procedures are all safe and effective in treating VSD. Condition should be fully assessed and right procedure should be chosen according to different indications.

Abstract:Objective：To research effect of morning blood pressure surge（MBPS） on renal damage at early stage and antihypertensive treatment. Methods：By 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring（ABPM），hypertensive patients were divided into MBPS group（n=121） and non-MBPS group（n=131）. All patients underwent urine microalbumin（mALB） quantitative determination. At 6 months after treatment，all patients underwent ABPM and mALB again. Effect of MBPS on renal damage at early stage and changes of renal function after the disappearance of MBPS were studied. Results：Before treatment，average systolic pressure at 24 h and at day and night of patients with MBPS was significantly higher than that in non-MBPS group，with statistical differences. After treatment，blood pressure of both groups reached the standard and had no significant difference；MBPS was disappeared in MBPS group. Before treat－ment，mALB of patients with MBPS was significantly higher than that in non-MBPS group（72.0±13.6） mg/L vs. （43.0±14.6） mg/L，with statistical differences，P＜0.05. After treatment，mALB of both groups was decreased，more obviously in MBPS group，P＜0.05. There were statistical differences in mALB of MBPS group and non-MBPS group before and after the treatment，P＜0.05 and P<0.01. Conclusions：MBPS aggravates renal function damage and eliminating MBPS will help protect renal function.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of rosuvastatin on expressions of B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2（Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-as－sociated X protein（Bax） in aortas of Wistar rats with hyperhomocysteinemia（Hhcy）. Methods：Serum triglyceride，total cholesterol，low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and plasma homocysteine（Hcy） concentrations were detected by ADVIA2400 automatic biochemi－cal analyzer，pathological changes of aorta were observed by HE staining and Bcl-2 and Bax expressions of aortic tissues were detect－ed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR detection. Results：Plasma Hcy concentration was lower in rosuvastatin group than in Hh－cy group，（10.47±0.07） μmol/L vs. （85.38±0.2） μmol/L，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Aortic injury was less se－vere in rosuvastatin group than in Hhcy group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Bcl-2 protein expressions were lower in ro－suvastatin group than in Hhcy group and Bax protein expressions were higher in rosuvastatin group than in Hhcy group，with statisti－cally significant differences（P<0.05）. RT-qPCR assay showed Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased in rosuvastatin group than in Hhcy group and Bax mRNA was increased in rosuvastatin group than in Hhcy group（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Rosuvastatin can delay Hhcy rat aortic atherosclerosis hardening process through decreasing plasma Hcy concentration and influencing aortic tissue Bcl-2 and Bax gene ex－pressions.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of valsartan on expressions of calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ（CaMKⅡ） in juve－nile rats with heart failure（HF）. Methods：HF animal model was established by abdominal aortic constriction（AAC） in 3 week-old SD rats while sham operation group was established. Four weeks later，rats with HF were randomly divided into 2 groups：HF group and valsartan treatment group. Rats in valsartan treatment group were given valsartan through direct gastric gavage everyday while those in HF group and sham operation group were given placebos. Eight weeks later，high frequency ultrasound was employed to measure left ventricular-internal dimension systole（LVIDs），left ventricular-internal diastolic diameter（LVIDd），left ventricular end-systolic volume（LVESV），left ventricular end diastolic volume（LVEDV），left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF），left ventricular fractional shortening（LVFS） of rats. Left and right ventricular mass index（LVMI，RVMI） were calculated. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of CaMKⅡ and subunits. Results：Compared with those in sham operation group，LVIDs and LVESV were increased（F=21.082，P<0.001；F=14.178，P=0.001），LVEF and LVFS were all significantly decreased（F=103.766，P<0.001；F=62.953，P<0.001），LVMI was increased（F=13.272，P=0.01），expressions of CaMKⅡ were increased by 1.95 folds（F=7.541，P=0.026），expressions of CaMKⅡ subunits（δB+δ9） were increased by 1.93 folds（F=7.042，P=0.029） and expressions of CaMKⅡδC was increased by 1.93 folds（F=6.714，P=0.045） in HF group. After the treatment，no significant difference in LVIDs，LVIDd，LVESV，LVEDV，LVEF，LVFS，LVMI and expressions of CaMKⅡ was found between valsartan treatment group and sham operation group（P >0.05）. Conclusions：Expressions of CaMKⅡ in juvenile rats with HF are increased. Valsartan can improve cardiac contractile function of rats with HF，which may be associated with reduced expressions of CaMKⅡ in ventricular myocytes.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of Shexiangbaoxin pill on inflammation indicators，cardiac and vascular endothelial func－tions in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods：Totally 105 patients with acute myocardial infarction from June 2010 to June 2012 were divided randomly into control group and experiment group. Patients in control group were treated with routine therapy while those in experiment group were treated with Shexiangbaoxin pill on the basis of routine therapy. After 2 months，the inflammation level，cardiac and vascular endothelial functions were estimated in control group and experiment group． Results：There was no signifi－cant difference in low density lipoprotein（LDL），total glycerin（TG），von willebrand factor（vWF），left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF），left ventricular end diastolic volume（LVEDV） and left ventricular end systolic volume（LVESV） in control group before and after treatment（P >0.05） and there were significant differences in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP），interleukin-6（IL-6） and flow-mediated dilation（FMD） in control group before and after treatment（P<0.05）. Values of LDL，TG，vWF，LVEF，LVEDV，LVESV，hs-CRP，IL-6 and FMD were improved in experiment group after treatment compared with those before treatment（P<0.05）. Values of the above indicators were improved in experiment group after treatment compared with those in control group（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Shexiangbaoxin pill can decrease blood lipids level，improve endothelial dysfunction，cardiac function and inflammatory reactions in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract:Objective：To seek for the evidences of electrical activity of emotional communication in the brain of couples（named as sender and receiver） excluding five conventional senses（look，listen，touch，smell，taste）. Methods：We induced performances of event-related potential（ERP） of senders by applying ERP technique and using Chinese affective picture system（CAPS） and Chinese affective face picture system（CAFPS） as stimuli. Simultaneously，we observed the ERP performances of receivers who received the same visual stimulation as senders. Results：During CAPS test，there were significant differences in ERP performances of senders in－duced by neutral pictures and negative pictures（370-430 ms：F=5.478；500～550 ms：F=13.852，P<0.05）. Simultaneously，under differ－ent stimuli of sender，ERP performances of receivers showed significant differences in late potentials（370-430，500-550，600-800 ms：F=3.880，4.776，7.441，P<0.05）. In CAPFS test，there was no statistical difference in ERP performances of receivers stimulated by pic－tures of happy face，sad face and angry face while ERP performances of sender showed significant differences. Conclusions：Evidences of electrical activity of emotional communication in the brain of couples are existed excluding five conventional senses，which may oc－cur at the same time or occur in delay and its content is about self-experiences.

Abstract:Objective：To study the efficacy and safety of using neostigmine antagonism vecuronium bromide for patients with heart disease undergoing non-heart operation under general anesthesia in post-anesthesia recovery room（PACU）. Methods：Totally 180 pa－tients of American Society of Anesthesiologists（ASA）Ⅱ-Ⅲ level，19-65 year-old，complicated with hypertensive cardiopathy，coronary heart disease，rheumatic heart disease and pulmonary heart disease，undergoing non-heart operation under general anesthesia were randomly selected. After entering PACU，patients were randomly divided into 3 groups：control group（C group），using no muscle loose antagonistic drugs during anesthesia recovery period until recovery，neostigmine single medication group（N group） intravenous injec－tion of neostigmine 40 μg and atropine 20 μg when train of four（TOF） reaching 25%，neostigmine twice to medicine group（M group），intravenous injection of neostigmine 20 μg/kg and atropine 10 μg/kg when TOF reaching 25% and 75% respectively. Vital signs were monitored in three groups. Extubation time from TOF 25% to 90% and PACU discharging time when Aldrete score reaching 9 were recoded. Hypotension，hypertension，cardiac arrhythmia，arterial blood gas analysis，reintubation rate，incidence of nausea and vomiting and delirium were recorded in three groups during the periods mentioned above. Results：Extubation time was significantly shortened in N and M groups than in group C（P<0.01） without significant differences in complication rate between groups. Conclusions：Rea－sonable application of muscle relaxant antagonism for patients with heart disease undergoing non-heart operation in PACU can pro－mote muscle contraction function recovery，shorter extubation time under general anesthesia without inducing adverse events，therefore is safe and feasible.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy（NACT） in the treatment of advanced nasopha－ryngeal carcinoma. Methods：Literature was searched online in Pubmed，Embase，Cochrane Library before April 1st，2013. Only ran－domized controlled trials（RCTs） with regard to NACT were included. Results：A total of 7 trials with 1 463 cases were included. Meta analyses demonstrated that NACT significantly improved the recurrence-free survival（HR：0.74，95%CI：0.64，0.86，P<0.001） and overall survival（HR：0.81，95%CI：0.68，0.96，P=0.013），decreased the locoregional recurrence（RR：0.80，95%CI：0.67，0.97，P=0.022） and the distant metastasis（RR：0.70，95%CI：0.58，0.85，P<0.001）. During NACT，the common grade 3-4 adverse events were hair loss（46.4%），nausea/vomiting（20.1%），neutropenia（35.9%）. However，NACT didn’t increased the treatment-related death（P=0.806） and grade 3-4 adverse events after treatments. Conclusions：NACT is an effective and safe modality for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the curative effects and safety of perospirone combined with thyroxine in the treatment of mental dis－orders caused by primary hypothyroidism. Methods：Totally 34 patients with mental disorders caused by hypothyroidism were treated by perospirone combined with thyroxine（T4）or left-levothyroxine sodium tablets. Positive and negative symptom scale（PANSS） and treatment emergent symptoms scale（TESS） were used to assess the curative effects before and after the treatment. Changes of blood thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH），iodine thyroid acid（T3），T4，free iodine thyroid acid（FT3） and free thyroxine（FT4） before and after the treatment were compared. Results：PANSS total scores were decreased significantly after treatment of perospirone com－bined with T4 or left-levothyroxine sodium tablets，with significant statistical differences before the treatment and at 2，4，8 weeks after the treatment（P<0.01）. Disease efficacy evaluation：the total effective rate was 88.2%. After the treatment，TSH，T3，T4，of FT3 and FT4 were significantly improved compared with those before treatment（P<0.01）. Conclusions：Perospirone is a safe and effective antipsy－chotic medication and can make significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms. Perospirone combined with thyroxine is safe and ef－fective in the treatment of mental disorders caused by primary hypothyroidism.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss differences in HBV genotypes and nontraumatic indexes commonly used in clinics between chron－ic hepatitis B（CHB） patients with early cirrhosis and CHB patients without cirrhosis. Methods：Totally 178 patients with CHB were selected randomly for liver biopsy pathological examination and underwent hierarchical diagnosis. All patients were divided into non cirrhosis group（S0-S3 stage） and early cirrhosis group（S4 stage）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（PCR） was used to do HBV genotype. Results：There were 134 cases in non cirrhosis group，accounting for 75.3%；44 cases in cirrhosis group，accounting for 24.7%. There were differences in gender，age and HBeAg expression between two groups. Proportion of C geno－type was much higher in cirrhosis group（55.6%） than in non cirrhosis group（22.2%），with statistical differences. There was no statis－tical difference in numerical change of HBV DNA between cirrhosis group and non cirrhosis group. There were statistical differences in total bilirubin，alkaline phosphatase，gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase，aspertate aminotransferase，albumin，globulin，prealbumin，cholinesterase，platelet，spleen intercostal thickness between two groups. Conclusions：Among all clinically diagnosed CHB patients，24.7% have early cirrhosis based on the results of liver biopsy，indicating 1/4 patients’ condition may be underestimated. Pathological changes of liver tissue are significantly heavier in CHB patients with C genotype than those with B genotype. B，C genotype classifi－cation combined with liver biopsy helps to determine the severity and prognosis of disease，conducive to the treatment and assessment.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the changes and significances of cellular immunity in the occurrence and development of chronic ob－structive pulmonary disease（COPD）. Methods：Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of CD3+，CD4 +，CD8+ T cells，CD19+ B cells and CD16+56+ natural killer（ＮＫ） cells in peripheral blood of 31 normal controls，35 patients at remission stage and 29 patients at acute severe stage. Correlation of these changes with smoking index，hospital duration and disease course was analyzed. Results：①CD3+ T cell and CD4+ T cell counts were decreased significantly in patients at remission stage and acute severe stage than in normal controls；CD4+/CD8+ was decreased significantly and CD16+56+ NK cells were increased significantly in patients at acute severe stage. ②CD4+ T cell count was decreased significantly and CD16+56+ NK cell count was increased significantly in patients at acute severe stage than in those at remission stage.③CD3+CD4+ T cells were negatively correlated with smoking index；hospital duration was nega－tively correlated with CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+，but was positively correlated with CD3+CD8+ T cells and CD16+56+ NK cells. Conclusions：CD3+CD4+ T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD and are closely related with the onset，severity and treatment of COPD. CD4+/CD8+，CD16+56+ NK cells are closely related with the acute attack and treatment of COPD.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the significances of fecal calprotectin（FC） in the differential diagnosis of common intestinal dis－eases including inflammatory bowel disease（IBD），irritable bowel syndrome（IBS） and colon cancer. Methods：A total of 120 fresh fecal samples were collected from the out-patients and were divided into health control，IBS，IBD and colon cancer groups（n=30）. ELISA was used to quantitatively determine the levels of fecal calprotectin in each group and sensitivity and specificity of the calprotectin diagnosis of IBD and colon cancer，which were compared with traditional inflammation indicators including erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR），C reactive protein（CRP） and white blood cell count（WBC）. Results：There were statistically significant dif－ferences in levels of fecal calprotectin between IBD group and colon cancer，IBS and healthy control groups（P<0.05）. There were sta－tistically significant differences in levels of fecal calprotectin between colon cancer group and IBS and healthy control groups（P<0.05）. There was no statistical difference in CRP，ESR and WBC levels between colon cancer，IBS and healthy control groups（P >0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in levels of ESR and CRP between IBS and IBD groups（P<0.05）. Sensitivity and specificity of fecal calprotectin diagnosis of IBD were 86.7% and 83.3% respectively，while those of colon cancer were 86.7% and 83.3%. Conclusions：Fecal calprotectin cannot only accurately distinguish intestinal organic disease and functional diseases，but also plays a role in the identification of IBD and colon cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the epidemiology and clinical feathers of rabies in children. Methods：Clinical data of 53 diag－nosed rabies cases in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2006 to December 2011 were retro－spectively analyzed. Results：Age of the 53 children was from 1 year and 3 months to 14 years with an average of 7.5 years. Gender ratio was 2.31∶1. Among the 47 cases which had clearly exposure history，43 were attacked by dogs and 4 scratched by cats；only 7 did rabies vaccination and 1 treated the wound in hospital after the bite，none took immunoglobulin. According to clinical manifesta－tion，77.36% had fever，69.81% had hydrophobia and fear of wind，33.96% had hyperspasmia. Nineteen patients died in hospital，of which 4 did autopsy. Parents of 34 patients gave up the therapy. Conclusions：Rabies is a zoonosis with high mortality and poor prog－nosis；children are of high risk and should be timely realized by parents and doctors.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin analogs（Insulin detemir，Insulin glargine，Biphasic insulin aspart 30） combined with oral antidiabetic drugs（OADs） in treating type 2 diabetic mellitus patients whose blood glucose is insufficiently con－trolled. Methods：Seventy-three type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with insufficiently controlled blood glucose were assigned to three groups：group treated with Insulin detemir once daily before bedtime（Insulin detemir group，n=23），group treated with Insulin glargine once daily before bedtime（Insulin glargine group，n=27），group treated with Biphasic insulin aspart 30 twice daily before breakfast and dinner（BIAsp30 group，n=23）. All patients were treated with OADs for 16 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c），fasting blood glucose（FBG），body mass index（BMI） were measured pre-treatment and after-treatment. Reductions of HbA1c，FBG and postprandial blood glucose（PBG），compliance rates of HbA1c（<7%） and incidences of hypoglycemia were compared. Results：There was no significant differences among three groups in HbA1c，FBG and PBG levels before the therapy. At the end of 16 weeks，HbA1c，FBG，PBG were decreased significantly in three groups（P<0.01），and there was no difference in reduction of HbA1c，FBG，PBG among three groups（P >0.05）. BMI did not change significantly pre-treatment and after-treatment in all groups. Compliance rates of HbA1c < 7% were 43%，59%，52% in Insulin detemir group，Insulin glargine group and BIAsp 30 group respectively. There was no difference in compliance rate of HbA1c<7% among three groups（P >0.05）. 3 patients（13%），2 patients（7%），5 patients（22%） had mild hypoglycemia in three groups respectively，but the incidence of hypoglycemia was not significantly different among three groups（P >0.05）. No severe hypo－glycemia happened in all groups. Conclusions：Effective control of FBG is important in decreasing HbA1c for type 2 diabetic mellitus patients whose blood glucose is insufficiently controlled. All three kinds of insulin analogs combined with OADs can decrease blood glucose without weight gain and hypoglycemia episode increase.

Abstract:Abstract：objective：To explore the clinical curative effects and safety of perospirone in the treatment of mental disorders caused by hypothyroidism. Methods：34 patients with mental disorders caused by hypothyroidism were treated by perospirone combined thyroxine,or left - levothyroxine sodium tablets. Before and after the treatment, the positive and negative symptom scale ( PANSS ) and adverse symptoms scale ( TESS ) were used to assess the curative effects.And compared the changes of blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), iodine thyroid acid (T3), thyroxine (T4), free iodine thyroid acid (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) ,before and after treatment. Results：Treated by perospirone combined thyroxine,or left - levothyroxine sodium tablets, the PANSS total scores decreased significantly. Compared before treatment with 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Disease efficacy evaluation: The total effective rate was 77.5%. After treatment, TSH, T3, T4, of FT3 and FT4 was significantly improved.Compared with before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).Conclusion：Perospirone is a safe and effective antipsychotic medication, and make significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms. It is safe and effective in the treatment of mental disorders caused by primary hypothyroidism.