Abstract:Objective：To establish the fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method to measure multiple drug resistance（MDR） related genes in patient’s periphery blood and to explore the feasibility of tumor chemotherapy instruction by dynamically detecting these genes in blood of patients with tumor. Methods：Taq-Man probe was applied to establish the fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method to measure MDR related genes. Periphery blood was collected from 262 patients with tumor（including lymphoma，neuroblsatoma，yolk sac tumor，etc.） and 50 healthy persons were taken as normal controls. Mononuclear cells were isolated from these samples，then RNAs were purified and expression of MDR related genes（MDR1，MRP1 and LRP） was detected. Relationship between gene expression and tumor chemotherapy was analyzed. Results：Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method measuring MDR related genes was established successfully based on Taq-Man probe. Compared with that in normal control group，expression of MDR related genes（MDR1，MRP1 and LRP） was increased in mononuclear cells of periphery blood of patients with tumor. For one tumor patient，expression of MDR relat－ed genes（MDR1，MRP1 and LRP） was higher in mononuclear cells of post-chemotherapy than in those of pre-chemotherapy. Expression of MDR1，MRP1 and LRP was closely related with tumor chemotherapy scheme of patients. Conclusions：Expression of MDR related genes（MDR1，MRP1 and LRP） in periphery blood of tumor patients is dynamically measured by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method，which could instruct the gene related substrate chem-otherapeutic drug.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Yes-associated protein（YAP） in tissues of prostate can－cer（PCa），pericarcinoma（PC） and benign prostate hyperplasia（BPH）. Methods：Expression of YAP protein of 32 cases of PCa，15 cases of PC and 15 cases of BPH was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover，different expression of YAP protein of 15 cases of PCa and its corresponding PC tissues were confirmed by Western blot. Results：Rate of YAP positive staining（78.13%，25/32） in PCa tissues was higher than that in PC tissues（26.67%，4/15） and YAP positive staining was not seen in BPH tissues. Staining differences between each group were statistically significant（P=0.000）. Furthermore，different expression of YAP protein was relevant with clinical stage and degree of differentiation（P=0.019，P=0.012）. The higher the clinical stage，the higher the Gleason score and YAP positive staining rate. Western blot demonstrated that YAP protein expression was higher in 15 cases of PCa（0.723±0.084） than in corresponding PC tissues（0.455±0.161），with statistically significant differences（P=0.006）. Conclusions：Expression of YAP protein is significantly higher in PCa tissues than in non-tumorous tissues，demonstrating obvious tumor specificity in PCa. YAP may be a new target in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of Bmi-1-siRNA on human esophageal EC9706 cells. Methods：Different concentrations of Bmi-1-siRNA（50，100，150 nmol/L） was used to transfect EC9706 with different time exposures（24，48，72 h）. Changes of cell cycle in EC9706 cells before and after the transfection were detected by MTT. Levels of protein of Bmi-1，telomerase reverse transcrip－tase（hTERT），P16 in transfected cells were measured by immunocytochemistry. Levels of Bmi-1mRNA in transfected cells were measured by situ hybridization. Results：Bmi-1-siRNA effectively inhibited cell proliferation of EC9706 cells in a dose and time dependent way（F=1.322，2.881；P<0.001）. Expression of Bmi-1 and hTERT protein was decreased and that of P16 was increased（F=12.229，23.556，19.414；P<0.001）. Conclusions：RNAi of Bmi-1 in EC9706 cell line could effectively inhibit EC9706 cell proliferation，whose mechanism may relate with down-regulation of Bmi-1 mRNA，Bmi-1，hTERT protein expression and up-regulation of P16 protein expression.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the expression of VE-cadherin in different non-small cell lung cancer cell（NSCLC） lines with distinct invasion performance and to investigate the effects of the VE-cadherin silence on the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cell lines. Methods：Expression of the VE-cadherin mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative PCR and Western blot in NSCLC cell lines with highly invasive，normally and low invasive ability（PG，H1299 and PA）. Effects of expression of VE-cadherin on the invasion and metastasis of PG cell line were explored by RNA interference. Results：VE-cadherin expressed in 3 kinds of NSCLC cell lines.mRNA and protein expression intensity of VE-cadherin was higher in PG，followed by H1299 and PA cell lines with statistical differences between PG and H1299（P=0.000） and statistical differences between PA and H1299，PG（P=0.000）. Result of Transwell chamber matrigal invasion assays revealed that the numbers of invasive cells of control group and interference group were 34.33 ±3.06 and 86.00±7.93 respectively，with statistical differences between groups（P=0.000）. Results of scratch damage experiment showed that the migration abilities between control group and interference group had no obvious differences in the first 24 h（P=0.825）. But after 48 h or 72 h，metastasis distance of control group was farther than that of interference group with statistical differences（P=0.000）. Invasion and metastasis of PG cell were down regulated by the reduction of the expression of VE-cadherin. Conclusions：VE-cadherin may play a critical role in the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC and may become a new target in the prevention and treatment of invasion，angiogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin（VE-cadherin） in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and vascular endothelial grow factor（VEGF）. Methods：Expression of VE-cadherin was examined at protein level by immunohistochemical staining in 72 cases of NSCLC tissues and their adjacent non-neoplastic tissues；34 of which were measured at mRNA level by qRT-PCR and VEGF was taken as positive reference. Expression of VE-cadherin in lung cancer cell line A549 and normal human bronchial epithelial cells（NHBEC） was detected by Western blot and VE-cadherin gene expression was inhibited with siRNA in A549 cells. Results：Positive rates of VE-cadherin in cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells were 69.4% and 52.8%，which were higher than those in alveolar epithelial cells（0%） and vascular endothelial cells（20.8%） in adjacent non-neoplastic tissues（P<0.05）. Positive rates of VE-cadherin were higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in cases without lymph node metastasis（P<0.05）. Positive rates of VE-cadherin were higher at Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage than atⅠand Ⅱstage（P<0.05）. Positive rates of VEGF in cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells were 84.7% and 62.5%，which were higher than those in alveolar epithelial cells（16.7%） and vascular endothelial cells（29.2%） in adjacent non-neo－plastic tissues（P<0.05）. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that relative expression of VE-cadherin mRNA in NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were 1.15±0.87 and 0.70±0.57；relative expression of VEGF mRNA were 1.39±1.17 and 0.79±0.65（P<0.05）. VEGF and VE-cadherin were positive correlated at both protein and mRNA levels（P=0.001，P=0.008）. Western blot demon－strated that VE-cadherin expression could be detected in the A549 cells，but not in NHBEC and sequence-specific siRNA can significantly decreased expression of VE-cadherin in A549 cells. Conclusions：VE-cadherin may play an important role in angiogene－sis and act in a synergistic manner with VEGF in NSCLC. siRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of VE-cadherin in A549 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of serum Glogi glycoprotein 73（GP73） and alpha-fetoprotein-L3（AFP-L3） in the di－agnosis of primary hepatic cancer（PHC） exhibiting low levels of alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）（AFP<108.0 μg/L）. Methods：Totally 50 cases of PHC with low levels of AFP，60 cases of non-PHC digestive system disorders（20 cases of hepatitis，20 cases of liver cirrhosis and 20 cases of malignant tumors of digestive system） and 40 cases of healthy controls were collected. Serum GP73 was analyzed by enzyme-1inked immunosorbent assay. AFP-L3 was separated by microspincolumn. Levels of AFP-L3 and AFP were quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Percentage of AFP-L3 in total AFP was calculated. Different indicators among groups were compared. Results：Level of serum GP73 was higher in PHC patients（105.4 μg/L） than in non-PHC patients with digestive system disorders（39.7 μg/L） and healthy controls（19.3 μg/L）（all P<0.01）. Level of AFP-L3（%） was higher in PHC patients（15.6%） than in non-PHC patients with digestive system disorders（9.5%） and healthy controls（9.4%）（P<0.01）. Positive detection rates of GP73 and AFP-L3（%） in PHC group was higher than those in other groups（P<0.01）. Sensitivity，specificity and accuracy rates in the diag－nosis of PHC by GP73 alone were 74.0%，96.0% and 88.7% respectively，while those via AFP-L3（%） alone were 62.0%，93.0% and 82.7% correspondingly. Areas under ROC analysis curve were 0.828 and 0.778. In the combined detection，the highest sensitivity of GP73 or AFP-L3（%） positive diagnosis was 80.0% and the highest sensitivity of GP73 and AFP-L3（%） positive diagnosis was （100.0%）. Conclusions：Both GP73 and AFP-L3 are effective tumor biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of PHC with low levels of AFP and their combination significantly improves the diagnosis of PHC.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells（CIK） in the treatment of renal carcinoma. Methods：Totally 71 patients with renal carcinoma were randomly divided into treatment group（n=36） and control group（n=35）. Patients in treatment group and control group were received surgical resection first. Then patients in treatment group were treated with interleukin-2 and interferon treatment postoperatively and received CIK cell transfusion therapy at the end of treatment. Patients in control group only received interleukin-2 and interferon treatment. Immune function，quality of life，survival rate and adverse reactions were analyzed. Results：Ratios of CD3+，CD4+ and CD16+CD56+ were increased while those of CD8+ were decreased significantly after the treatment compared with those before the treatment in treatment group. There was no significant change before and after the treatment in ratios of CD3+，CD4+，CD4+/CD8+，CD16+ CD56+ and CD8+ in control group. Quality of life of 83.3% patients in the treatment group was improved while that of 57.1% patients in control group was improved，with statistical differences between two groups. One-year survival rates in treatment group and control group were 91.7% and 80.0%，one-year transfer rates in two groups were 13.9% and 22.9% and one-year recurrence rates in two groups were 5.6% and 11.4 %，respectively，without statistical differences between two groups. There was no statistical difference in side effects between treatment group and control group. Conclusions：CIK cells combined with surgical treatment can improve immune function and quality of life of patients with renal carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and significance of methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase（MGMT）and matrix metalloproteinase-7（MMP-7） protein in human astrocytoma. Methods：Protein expression of MGMT and MMP-7 was detected in 49 cases of human astrocytoma with SP immunohistochemical method. Results：Expression rate of MGMT was 55.10%（27/49） and those of MMP-7 was 51.02 %（25/49）. Expression of MGMT and MMP-7 protein was related with histological grade（P<0.05），but not re－lated with other clinical factors（P >0.05）. There was significant differences in the MGMT and MMP-7 expression rate between group with recurrence and group without recurrence（P<0.05）. There were significant negative correlations between MGMT and MMP-7 protein expression（rs=-0.488，P<0.01）. Conclusions：MGMT and MMP-7 play important roles in occurrence and development of human astrocytoma. Low expression of MGMT and over expression of MMP-7 provide important implications of malignancy and prognosis for human astrocytoma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate whether the toll-like receptors（TLRs） 3/4 are associated with wet form age-related macular de－generation（AMD）. Methods：Blood samples were collected from 25 wet AMD patients and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Peripher－al blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. Expression of TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR. TLR3 protein level was measured with flow cytometry. After stimulating PBMCs with specific ligands PolyI∶C，cytokines IL-6，IL-8 and MCP-1 protein productions were assessed. Results：TLR3 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in the PBMCs of wet AMD patients than those in controls. However，the differences of TLR4 mRNA expression between the two groups were not significant. The PBMCs of wet AMD patients produced more IL-6 protein than the controls in response to PolyI∶C，the ligand for TLR3. But there was no significant difference in MCP-1 production between wet AMD group and control group when stimulating PBMCs with PolyI∶C. Conclusion：Our data suggest that upregulation of TLR3 signal pathways maybe a critical link in the pathogenesis of wet AMD.

Abstract:Objective：To study changing rules of skeletal muscle muscle-specific RING finger protein 1（MuRF1）-mRNA at early stage after electrocution and its application in discriminating electrocution before death or after death. Methods：Sixty healthy Wistar rats were divided into three groups：electrocution group before death，electrocution group after death and blank control group，20 rats in each group. Rats in electrocution group before death were electrocuted directly with 220 Ｖ alternating current；materials were drew at 0，1，3，6 h after death. Rats in electrocution group after death were killed by cervical dislocation first and then were electrocuted，material were drew at 0，1，3，6 h after electrocution. Rats in blank control group were put to death by cervical dislocation without electrocution；material were drew at 0，1，3，6 h after death. Materials from gastrocnemius muscle and tibialis anterior were applied in detecting the level of MuRF1-mRNA with the technique of RT-PCR. Results：MuRF1-mRNA levels of rats’ gastrocnemius mus－cle in electrocution group before death were increased significantly then were decreased at 1 h and 3 h after death，significantly dif－ferent from those in blank control group（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000） and lower than those in blank control group at 6 h after death（P=0.925）. MuRF1-mRNA levels of tibialis anterior in electrocution group after electrocution were increased significantly，reaching the peak at 1 h after electrocution and were decreased at 3 h after electrocution，significantly different from those in control group（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000）. MuRF1-mRNA levels of gastrocnemius muscle and tibialis anterior in electrocution group after electrocution were increased compared with those in blank control group，but the increases were less obvious than those of electrocution group before death. MuRF1-mRNA levels of left hind leg were higher in tibialis anterior than in gastrocnemius muscle in both elec－trocution group before death and electrocution group after death. Conclusions：MuRF1-mRNA expressions are different in different skeletal muscles of the electrified rats. Expression differences can be used as index to estimate the electrocution time and to dis－tinguish electrocution suffered before death or after death.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the pathological changes of acute ethylene glycol（EG） poisoning and to provide the objective diagno－sis index for its forensic identification. Methods：Totally 30 SD rats were randomly divided into control group and acute EG poisoning group. Animals in acute EG poisoning group were poisoned with EG（12 ml/kg） in a manner of gastric perfusion. Tissue samples of heart，liver，and kidneys in each group were obtained and HE staining was conducted. Besides，transmission electron microscopy（TEM） was also used to observe the tissue samples from kidney and liver of each group. Results：In acute EG poisoning group，all tissue sam－ples showed different degrees of pathological damage，especially in kidney，in which the light-blue calcium oxalate crystals were found.Under TEM，circular or oval-shaped high density electronic particles depositions（calcium oxalate crystals） were observed in re－nal tubular epithelial cells as well as in liver cells. Conclusions：Calcium oxalate crystals deposite in various organs and pathological damages mainly locate in kidney which may provide the objective diagnosis index for forensic identification of acute EG poisoning.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and distribution of transcription factor activator protein-2（AP-2） in Buerger’s dis－ease. Methods：Lumbar sympathetic ganglia were sampled in a total 23 patients with Buerger’s disease between January 2011 and March 2012. Gene and protein expression of AP-2 in the lumbar sympathetic ganglia neurons was observed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Distribution principles of AP-2 in the lumbar sympathetic ganglia neurons were observed by immunohistochemical methods. Twelve normal lumbar sympathetic ganglia were processed by the same way. Results：RT-PCR and Western blot results demonstrated that AP-2 gene and protein expression levels in Buerger’s disease tissues were significantly different from those in normal tissues（P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical result demonstrated that AP-2 expressions in Buerger’s disease tissues were higher than those in normal tissues，mainly distributed in the nucleus. Conclusions：AP-2 level increases in patients with Buerger’s disease，indicating that AP-2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of Buerger’s disease.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of transfection of Gremlin plasmid and Gremlin siRNA plasmid in vitro on expression of mouse mesangial cells（MMCs），bromodeoxyuridine（BrdU） and collagen Ⅳ. Methods：Cultured MMCs were divided into 7 groups：normal glucose group（NG，5.5 mmol/L），normal glucose plus mannitol group（NG+M，24.5 mmol/L mannitol），normal glucose plus emp－ty vector group（NG+V），normal glucose plus Gremlin expression plasmid group（NG+P）/normal glucose plus Gremlin siRNA plas－mid group（NG+Gremlin si），high glucose group（HG，30 mmol/L），high glucose plus empty vector group（HG+V） and high glucose plus Gremlin expression plasmid group（HG+P）/high glucose plus Gremlin siRNA plasmid group（HG+Gremlin si）. Cell proliferation was examined using BrdU ELISA and accumulation of collagen Ⅳ was measured using radioimmunoassay at 24 h after high glucose stimulation. Results：Expression of BrdU and collagen Ⅳ in the supernatant was increased in NG+P and HG group compared with that in NG group（all P=0.000）. Expression of BrdU and collagen Ⅳ was up-regulated in HG+P group than in HG group（all P=0.000）. Inhibition of Gremlin with Gremlin siRNA plasmid reversed HG-induced abnormalities（increase in BrdU expression and collagen Ⅳ concentration）（all P=0.000）. Conclusions：Gremlin induces cell proliferation and accumulation of collagen Ⅳ in MMCs.Gremlin plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss changes of thyroid functions among patients with breast cancer on initial diagnosis and during the chemotherapy. Methods：Thyroid functions of 112 initially diagnosed patients with breast cancer and 235 patients with benign breast diseases were detected and compared. Thyroid functions of 93 patients with breast cancer between prechemotherapy and postchemo-therapy were detected and analyzed. Thyroid functions of 120 cases between two consecutive prechemotherapies were measured and analyzed. Results：Incidence of hypothyroidism was 21.4% in patients with breast cancer and 7.2% in those with benign breast diseases. Levels of free triiodothyronine（FT3） were lower in patients with breast cancer than in those with benign breast diseases（t=-2.036，P=0.042）. Thyroid functions were significantly lower in postchemotherapy than in prechemotherapy triiodothyronine（T3）：t=13.427，P<0.001；tetraiodothyronine（T4）：t=3.732，P<0.001；FT3：Z=-10.264，P<0.001. No significant difference in thyroid function between two prechemotherapies was found（T3：t=0.170，P=0.865；T4：t=1.458，P=0.147；FT3：t=0.180，P=0.858；FT4：t=-0.973，P=0.333；thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）：t=-0.877，P=0.383）. Conclusions：Hypothyroidism is often accompanied with patients who is initially diag－nosed as breast cancer. Thyroid functions decrease during chemotherapy but recover before the next course chemotherapy.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the efficacy of Rhubarb combined with early enteral nutrition in the treatment of severe acute pan－creatitis（SAP）. Methods：Totally 74 patients with SAP were admitted to intensive care unit（ICU） and were randomly divided into 3 groups：Rhubarb with early entneral nutrition group（Rhubarb group），total parenteral nutrition group（TPN group） and early enteral nutrition group（EEN group）. At the 1st，3rd，7th d and the 14th d after admission，serum interleukin-18（IL-18），C-reactive protein（CRP） and serum amylase（AMY） were detected；APACHE Ⅱ scores were recorded and length of abdominal pain，recovery time of bowel sounds and body temperature，length of stay in ICU，average length of stay were observed. Resuluts：The length of abdominal pain，recovery time of bowel sounds and body temperature，length of stay in ICU and average length of stay were significantly shorter in Rhubarb group compared with those in the other groups（P＜0.05）. At the 3th d，level of serum CRP was obviously lower in Rhubarb group than in TPN group（P＜0.05）；at the 7th d，level of serum CRP was the lowest in Rhubarb group，with statistaical differnces among three groups（P＜0.05）. At the 7th d and the 14th d，level of serum IL-18 was obviously lower in Rhubarb grpup than in EEN group and TPN group（P＜0.05）；at the 14th d，there were significant diffeneces in level of serum IL-18 between Rhubarb grpup and EEN group（P＜0.01）. Conclusions：Rhubarb combined with early enteral nutrition can enhance intestinal peristalsis，protect the gastroin－testinal barrier function，reduce bacteria and endotoxin translocation and releasing of inflammation mediators，especially IL-18 and reduce cost of treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the concentration of plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis（sTWEAK） and serum high-sensitive C-reaction protein（hsCRP） in patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS） and to investigate their clinical significance in the diagasis of ACS. Methods：A total of 62 patients with ACS（47 males and 15 females，（66.06±9.89） years old） treated in the department of cardiovascular diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical university from September 1st 2012 to March 31st 2013 were involved in this study；19 patients with stable angina pectoris（SAP） confirmed by coronary angiog－raphy or CT were also analyzed；29 patients without coronary heart disease（CHD）in this period were served as control group. The 62 ACS patients were divided into 3 subgroups：ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction（STEMI） group（n=11），non ST-segment el－evation myocardial infarction（NSTEMI）group（n=14） and unstable angina pectoris（UAP） group（n=37）. The plasma sTWEAK was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） while serum hsCRP was determined by immunoturbidimetry. The concentrations of plasma sTWEAK and serum hsCRP were compared among ACS，SAP and control groups and also among the subgroups of ACS. The correlation between plasma sTWEAK and serum hsCRP，serum cTn were analyzed and plasma sTWEAK and serum hsCRP were compared between ctriple vessel disease and non-triple vessel disease in ACS group. Results：①The plasma sTWEAK concentration in ACS（139.95（121.30，155.51） ng/L） was significantly higher than that in SAP group（93.21（84.37，114.08） ng/L） and control group（124.24（118.32，135.49） ng/L）（P=0.000，P=0.007），and it was lower in SAP group than in control group（P=0.007）. ②The serum hsCRP concentration was significantly higher in ACS group（2.29（0.84，9.77） mg/L） than that in SAP group（1.40（0.47，1.96） mg/L） and control group（0.87（0.46，1.75） mg/L）（P=0.015，P=0.001），and there was no significant difference between SAP and control group（P=0.62）. ③There was no statistical difference in plasma sTWEAK level among the three subgroups of ACS（P=0.41）. The serum hsCRP concentration was higher in STEMI and NSTEMI subgroups than in UAP group（P=0.001，P=0.027），but without significant differences（P=0.202）. ④There was no linear correlation between plasma sTWEAK and serum hsCRP concen－tration（P=0.462） while serum hsCRP and cTn were positively correlated（r=0.578，P=0.000） and there was no difference in the plasma sTWEAK and serum hsCRP concentration between triple vessel disease and non-triple vessel disease. Conclusions：Patients with ACS have higher plasma sTWEAK and serum hsCRP concentrations when compared with SAP and non-CHD，demonstrating that sTWEAK and hsCRP may be helpful biochemical markers in the diagnosis of ACS.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the inflammatory factor of Cox-2 and lipid factor of Salusin-a’ s predictive value in the risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome（ACS） and the correlation among it’s main risk factors. Methods：One hundred and ten patients underwent coronary angiography（CAG） were divided into three groups：ACS group（n=61），stable angina pectoris（SAP） group（n=19） and control group（n=30） who had negative results in CAG according to their medical histories and CAG results. ACS group（n=61） was subdivided into acute myocardial infarction（AMI） group and unstable angina pectoris（UAP） group. ACS group was also divided into different groups based on the Gensini scoring system.Plasma levels of Cox-2 and Salusin-a were measured by ELISA. Results：Plasma levels of Cox-2 and high sensitivity-C reactive protein（hs-CRP） were significantly higher in ACS group than in SAP group and control group（（16.39±3.64） ng/ml vs. （13.79±1.76） ng/ml and （13.38±1.98） ng/ml，P=0.001，P=0.000；（（5.61±6.77） mg/L vs. （1.50±1.48） and （1.35±1.49） mg/L，P=0.003，P=0.000）. Plasma levels of Cox-2 and hs-CRP were significantly higher in AMI group than in UAP group （（18.88±3.97） ng/ml vs. （15.09±2.70） ng/ml，P=0.028；（9.05±7.92） mg/L vs. （3.67±5.18） mg/L，P=0.002）. Though Salusin-a level was lower in ACS group and SAP group than in control group（（0.13±0.07） ng/ml and （0.11±0.04） ng/ml vs. （0.18±0.08） ng/ml，P=0.003，P=0.001），it was not significantly different between ACS group and SAP group. Conclusions：Inflammatory factor of Cox-2 and hs-CRP have predictive value in the risk stratification of ACS. Lipid factor of Salisin-a is associated with coronary heart disease，but could not necessarily reflect the severity of the disease.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the risk factor，etiology，pathogenesis，clinical manifestations and MRI feature of corpus callosal in－farction. Methods：Retrospective analysis was undertaken in 13 cases with corpus callosal infarction. Results：Risk factors of corpus callosal infarction included hypertension，diabetes mellitus，hyperlipidemia.Large arteries atherosclerosis and it’s potential mechanisms involved mainly in the corpus callosal infarction. Clinical manifestations were complex and diverse without specificity.Typical corpus callosum transection syndrome was not observed.Lesions were located mainly in the body and splenium of corpus callosum，always involving cerebral infarction of other parts in the posterior circulation blood supply area. Conclusions：Clinical manifestations of corpus callosalinfarction vary according to different lesion sites. Hypertension，diabetes mellitus，hyperlipidemia are the substantially important risk factors.Large arteries atherosclerosis and it’s potential mechanisms involve in the occurrence of the disease. MRI is helpful to locate clinically and treat corpus callosal infarction.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the differences in clinical efficacy，complication and safety between transurethral resection of prostate（TURP） and bipolar plasmakinetic resection of the prostate（PKRP） in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）. Methods：Totally 560 cases of BPH from January 2009 to December 2011 were divided into TURP group and PKRP group. General conditions，operation conditions，clinical efficacy and complications of two groups were analyzed. Results：There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups（P >0.05）. Operative time（t=8.046，P=0.000），intraoperative bleeding（t=16.653，P=0.000） and time of urethral catheterization（t=7.701，P=0.000） of PKRP group were significantly less than those TURP group（P<0.05）. International prostate symptom score（IPSS）（t=62.092，P=0.000），quality of life（QOL）（t=72.355，P=0.000），maximum flow rate（Qmax） （t=73.993，P=0.000） were significantly improved in TURP group after surgery compared with those before surgery（P<0.05）. IPSS（t=77.777，P=0.000），QOL（t=82.038，P=0.000），Qmax（t=89.860，P=0.000） were significantly improved in PKRP group after surgery compared with those before surgery（P<0.05），but there was no significant difference in above indicators between the two groups（P >0.05）. Transurethral resection syndrome（TURS），hemodynamic fluctuations，intraoperative blood loss etc were significantly higher in TURP group than in PKRP group（P<0.05）. Conclusions：PKRP and TURP have similar clinical efficacy in the treatment of BPH. PKRP has advantages in shorter operative time，less bleeding and few complications in the treatment of BPH，but long-term therapeutic effect of PKRP needs further follow-up.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the effects CO2 pneumoperitoneum on acid-base balance in children after laparoscopic pyeloplasty and its prevention measures. Methods：Totally 64 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 64 patients underwent open Ander－son-Hynes pyeloplasty from January 2010 to June 2011 were divided into laparoscopic group and open group. All patients were divid－ed into infants group，preschool-age group and school-age group respectively. Twenty-six patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty from July 2011 to February 2012 were selected as laparoscopic air replacement group，in which peritoneal residual CO2 was sufficiently replaced with air at the end of operation. Blood gas analysis was made at 4 h after operation for all patients. Results：Hypercapnia incidence of laparoscopic group was 35.9%，higher than that of open group（18.7%）（?字2=4.578，P=0.029）. Incidences of acid-base imbalance in infants group and preschool-age group were 91.3%，84.2%（laparoscopic group） and 84.4%，76.5%（open group） respective－ly，higher than those in school-age group（50.0%，33.3%）（P<0.05）. Hypercapnia incidence of laparoscopic air replacement group was 11.5%，lower than that in laparoscopic group（35.9%）（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Peritoneal residual CO2 in laparoscopic pyeloplasty is the major influence factor that can cause postoperative hypercapnia in children. The younger the age，the greater the effect of CO2 pneu－moperitoneum on the acid-base balance. Sufficiently replacing peritoneal residual CO2 is the important measure that can decrease postoperative hypercapnia incidences.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical application value of ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy（URSL） with NGage extraction basket in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi. Methods：Totally 129 patients with upper ureteral calculi were randomly divided into two groups，73 patients in control group were treated by URSL，56 patients in Ngage group were treated by URSL combined with NGage. Results：Sixty patients were treated and placed double J（D-J） stents successfully in control group，with the success rate of primary lithotripsy being 82.19%；12 patients had residual fragments after operation. Fifteen-three patients were treated and placed D-J stents successfully in NGage group with the success rate of primary lithotripsy in NGage group being 94.64%，higher than that of control group（ ?字2=4.522，P=0.033）；residual calculi was not found at 4-8 weeks after operation by plain film of kidney ureter and bladder. Rate of residual calculi in NGage group was significantly lower than that in control group（ ?字2=10.150，P=0.001）. There was no significant difference between two groups in the operation time（t=1.847，P=0.067），complication rate（ ?字2=0.000，P=1.000） and hos－pitalization time（t=0.331，P=0.741）. Conclusions：URSL with NGage extraction basket can efficaciously prevent calculi from moving upward in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi，which can achieve higher success rate and lower residual calculi rate.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the etiology and prevention of rebleeding after applying super-selective renal arterial embolization to treat renal injury bleeding． Methods：Clinical data of patients who underwent super-selective renal arterial embolization for renal injury bleeding in our hospital from 2007 to 2012 were collected. Results：There were 22 cases in our hospital，two cases experienced rebleeding after embolization；one stopped bleeding after the second times of super-selective renal arterial embolization with spring coil，the another one stopped bleeding by undergoing nephrectomy. Conclusions：Rebleeding after applying super-selective renal artery embolization to treat renal damage may be caused by renal vascular anatomic or misuse of embolism materials，suggesting that more attention should be paid to these factors to reduce the morbidity of rebleeding.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the clinical characteristics，diagnosis and treatment between incidental renal carcinoma and non-in－cidental renal carcinoma. Methods：Clinical data of 246 hospitalized patients with renal carcinoma in our hospital from 2006 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The 246 patients were divided into incidental renal carcinoma group（n=140） and non-incidental renal carcinoma group（n=106） and were evaluated according to the gender，tumor location，tumor size，pathological types，clinical stagings，path and range of operation. Results：Renal lesions of non-incidental renal carcinoma patients are usually firstly diagnosed by B-ul－trasound. Differences between incidental renal carcinoma and non-incidental renal carcinoma in aspects of sex，position of tumor and pathological types were not significant. The age of incidental renal carcinoma patients was older，the size was smaller，the clinical stage was lower compared with those of non-incidental renal carcinoma patients，with statistically significances（P<0.05）. Conclusions：Ul－trasonography and CT are the main imaging examinations to detect incidental renal carcinoma.More chances of nephron sparing surgery have been provided to incidental renal carcinoma patients，which helps to improve the post-operative quality of life and long-term survival.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Duhamel procedure for Hirschsprung’s disease（HD） and Hirschsprung’s allied disorder（HAD） in adults. Methods：Clinical data of 29 adult patients with HD and HAD who underwent one-stage modified Duhamel procedure（D group，n=16） or low anterior resection（L group，n=13） between January 2001 and January 2012 were analyzed respectively. Results：All operations were one-stage procedure without death case. There was no significant difference in mean preoperative life quality score（（2.2±0.7） or （15.1±1.0）），operation time（（160±21） min） and incidences of postoperative complications between two groups（P ＞0.05）. However，there were less mean intraoperative blood loss（（54.4±23.7） ml，t=2.394，P=0.028），shorter mean postoperative hospital stay（（12.6±4.1） d，t=2.381，P=0.025） and higher postoperative life quality score（（4.4±1.4），t=2.090，P=0.046 and （17.9±1.2），t=2.224，P=0.035） in D group compared with those of L group. Of the six patients who were considered treatment failures with unsolved serious complications or reoperations，2 patients were from D group and 4 patients were from L group. Conclusions：Modified Duhamel procedure is safe and effective in the treatment of HD and HAD in adults.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate long term curative effects of composite graft of acellular allogenic dermal matrix and razor thin autoskin on children’s cutaneous deficiency wounds caused by road accident. Methods：Totally 60 children with cutaneous deficiency wounds caused by road accident were enrolled and were divided into two groups randomly and equally. In treatment group（n=30）：cutaneous deficiency wounds were debrided and grafted with acellular allogenic dermal matrix；after 3 weeks，wounds were grafted with razor thin autoskin. In control group（n=30）：cutaneous deficiency wounds were debrided and grafted with razor thin autoskin. The wounds were followed-up for 1 month，3 months，6 months，1year and every year until the 5th year after the operation to investigate their appearance ，color and elasticity. Dermis thickness and hardness were measured respectively by SEQULA512 color ultrasono－graph and hardness machine. Results：Follow-up at earlier stage：compared with that in control group，appearance of the operated area in treatment group was well-stacked with lighter scar and no scar breakage and bubble. Five-year follow-up：color of the operated area in treatment group was similar to that of normal skin. Appearance of the operated area in treatment group was well-stacked，smooth and soft with light scar and good elasticity. According to the results of ultrasonograph，thickness of dermis was lower in treat－ment group than in control group（P=0.000），lower in normal skin group than in treatment group（P=0.000）. Dermal echo and hardness in treatment group were close to those of normal skin. Appearance of the operated area in control group was serious sagged with heavy and hard scar and poor elasticity. Thickness and hardness of dermis were both exceeded those in treatment and normal skin groups（P=0.000）. Ultrasonograph showed dermal echo in control group was obvious mixed and disorderly enhanced. Conclusions：Long term curative effect of composite graft of acellular allogenic dermal matrix and razor thin autoskin on children’s cutaneous deficiency wounds is better than that of only razor thin autoskin graft，which can improve healing quality of skin and has fine clinical value.

Abstract:Objectives：To analyze the relationship between treatment and prognosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms（UIAs）. Methods：Clinical data of 81 patients with 101 UIAs in the neurosurgery department of the First Affiliated of Chongqing Medical University from June 2006 to December 2009（mean follow-up time of 10.2 months） were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treared by 3 methods：（1）surgical clipping，19 patients with 19 UIAs；（2）coil embolization，11 patients with 12 UIAs；（3）conservative obser－vation，53 patients with 70 UIAs. Fifty-eight patients with 70 UIAs were followed radiologically including 14 UIAs in clipping group，7 UIAs in coil embolized group and 49 UIAs in conservative observation group. Risk factors and relationship between treatment and prognosis of UIAs were analyzed. Results：Patients in clipping group all resumed their daily lives；2 patients in embolization group had slight disability；5 patients died，4 patients had moderate disability and 1 patient had mild disability in observation group；there was no significant difference among three groups（P=0.125）. Based on radiological follow-up，UIAs were mainly medium and small types（less than 10 mm）；14 UIAs in clipping group were clipped completely；1 UIA in coil embolized group was partially embolized；in conservative observation group，1 UIA had enlarged neck，2 UIAs had enlarged body and 5 UIAs ruptured（the size of all ruptured UIAs was less than 5 mm）；there was no significant difference among three groups（P=0.274）. Conclusions：UIAs are mainly medium and small types and the size of ruptured UIAs is often less than 5 mm. Treatment of UIAs still needs clarification. With the development of radi－ological technology，more and more small UIAs are certain to be detected，which will bring a new challenge for neurologist in clinical settings.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinic value of Tei index in assessing right ventricular function of patients with TOF（tetralogy of Fallot） postoperatively. Methods：Totally 46 patients with TOF were enrolled and were divided into 3 groups according to the Tei index：Tei index <0.5（group A，n=13）；0.5≤Tei index <0.7（group B，n=19）；Tei index ≥0.7（group C，n=13）. Ejection fraction of left ventricle（EF） was measured. Right ventricle Tei index was calculated and ventilation time，ICU stay，positive drug time，drainage volume were recoreded. Results：There were statistical differences in ventilation time，ICU stay，positive drug time，drainage volume among three groups. Tei index was negatively correlated with ventilation time，ICU stay，positive drug time and drainage volume. There was no difference in EF among three groups. Conclusions：Tei index is a sensitive indicator of right ventricular function and is a valu－able and easy indicator in clinics.

Abstract:Objective：To establish the control range of the monthly nosocomial infection incidence for intensive care unit（ICU） and to offer a scientific method for controlling nosocomial infection. Methods：Based on the statistical theory of medical reference range：value falls in the region of the warning limit is less than the probability of 95% for the area under the normal distribution curve. If the value exceeds the limit，attention should be paid by the clinical department. While the value falls in the region of the control limit is less than the probability of 99% for the area under the normal distribution curve. If the value exceeds the limit，it indicates out of control. Target monitoring data of respiratory ICU，neurology ICU，comprehensive ICU，neurosurgery ICU，cardiothoracic ICU from January 2011 to June 2012 were separately collected to establish the warning limit and control limit of the monthly nosocomial infection incidence. Nosocomial infection incidences of these ICUs since July 2012 were compared with the warning limit and control limit to find out the abnormal values. Feedback was returned to the units when the value exceeded the warning limit. Intervention was made when the value exceeded the control limit. Results：The warming limit and the control limit of monthly nosocomial infection incidence for dif－ferent ICU had been established. The control limit of monthly nosocomial infection incidence for neurosurgery ICU was 22.39%. Nosocomial infection incidence of neurosurgery ICU exceeded the control limit in August 2012. Nosocomial infection incidence of neuro－surgery ICU decreased the following three months after analysis，feedback and intervention. Conclusions：Establishing control range of the monthly nosocomial infection incidence is recommendable since it can warn the tendency of the nosocomial infection，assess the nosocomial infection incidence levels of different ICUs and ensure the continuous quality control.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the results of venous blood cell counting among population accepted health medical examination in Chongqing and to provide references of adult blood cell counting in Chongqing urban district. Methods：The blood cells parameters were studied using the Sysmex XE-2100 hematology analyzer and the mean and standard deviation of these parameters were ana－lyzed. Using（P2.5，P97.5） to signify the interval of 95% included population. Results：Among all parameters，white blood cell count （WBC） and platelet count（PLT） were lower，the others were consistent with national guide to clinical laboratory procedures（the 3rd edition）. There were insignificant differences in WBC，red blood cell count（RBC），hemoglobin（HGB） and PLT between our data and those of Chongqing Daping hospital. There were slight differences in WBC，mean cell hemoglobin concentration（MCHC），mean platelet volume（MPV），platelet-large cell ratio（P-LCR） and platelet distribution width（PDW） between our data and those of Beijing area. There were differences in hematocrit（HCT），mean corpusular volume（MCV），mean cell hemoglobin（MCH），MPV，PDW，P-LCR and MCHC between our data and those of Gangdong area. Conclusions：Differences in blood cell counting are existed among different dis－tricts; it was necessary to analyze and summarize regularly.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（AHSCT） in the treatment of lymphoma. Methods：Clinical data of 45 patients with lymphoma who received AHSCT in our hospital stem cell transplant cen－ter were retrospectively analyzed. All patients with lymphoma achieved complete remission or partial remission after several courses of radiotherapy and chemotherapy，and then they received AHSCT and follow-up treatment in our hospital. Results：Among 44 patients treated by AHSCT，1 patient died of cardiac toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in the pretreatment and the other 43 patients all obtained hematopoietic reconstitution；the median follow-up time was 17（1-53） months. Thirty-two patients survived（74%） and 11 died among the 43 patients who had successful AHSCT. Nine patients（21%） died in the period of palliative care after recurrence，1 patient died of viral hepatitis B and 1 patient died of evans syndrome among the 11 died patients.Both the overall rate and disease-free survival rate was 72% until follow-up finished. Means survival time was （3.7±0.6） years，3-year survival rate was 68% and estimated 5-year survival rate was 51%. Conclusions：With the advantages of ripe technical conditions，wide range of in－dications and significant treatment effect，AHSCT is the important part of treatment regimens for lymphoma .