Abstract:Objective：To access the efficacy and safety of Tianeptine versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor（SSRI） in the treatment of depression. Methods：Randomized controlled trials（RCTs） in relevant databases：Cochrane Library，PubMed，Web of Knowl－edge，Embase，China Biology Medicine Literature，China National Knowledge Internet，Wanfang Data and VIP were searched. Quality of the included literature was evaluated and data were extracted. Review Manager 5.2 software was used for Meta analysis. Results：Twelve RCTs of 2 143 patients were included in our study，1 086 patients in Tianeptine group and 1 057 patients in SSRI group. Meta-analysis results indicated that there was no difference in efficiency between Tianeptine group and SSRI group（effective rate RR=1.01，95%CI=0.95 to 1.07，P=0.85）. Incidences of nausea，vomiting，constipation，insomnia and loss of appetite were significantly lower in Tianeptine group than in SSRI group（P<0.05） while incidence of somnolence was higher in Tianeptine group than in SSRI group. There was no statistical difference in other side effects between the two groups（P >0.05）. Conclusion：Although no statistical difference is observed in the efficacy between Tianeptine and SSRI，however，Tianeptine induces fewer side reactions，there of clinical guiding significance.

Abstract:Objective：To access the efficacy and safety of MECT plus SSRI in the treatment of refractory depression. Methods：Random－ized controlled trials（RCTs） in relevant databases：Cochrane Library，Pubmed，Web of Knowledge，Ebsco，Chinese Biomedical Litera－ture，China National Knowledge Internet，Wanfang Data and VIP from 1900 to April 2013 were searched. Quality of the literature in－cluded was evaluated and data was extracted. Review Manager 5.0 software was used for Meta analysis. Results：Seven RCTs of 461 patients were included in our study，230 patients in MECT plus SSRI group and 231 patients in SSRI group. Meta analysis results indicated that effective rate and curative rate of MECT plus SSRI group are better than those of SSRI group，with statistically differences（curative rate：Z=4.52，P=0.000；effective rate：Z=7.71，P=0.000）. In addition，incidence of recent memory disorders in MECT plus SSRI group was higher than that of SSRI group（P=0.013）. There was no difference in the rest of side effects between two groups（P >0.05）. Conclusion：MECT plus SSRI is an effective and safety method in the treatment of refractory depression.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the associations of Calcium channel，voltage-dependent，L type，alpha1C subunit gene（CACNAIC）gene polymorphism with schizophrenia by Meta analysis and to provide evidence-based medicine references for the genetic back－ground of schizophrenia. Methods：Literatures on the relationship between gene CACNA1C polymorphism rs1006737 and schizophre－nia both in PubMed and China Biology Medicine Databases were taken as research objects from January 2000 to November 2013. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1 including the heterogeneity，odd ratio and evaluation on publication bias. Results：Five literatures meeting the criteria were included including 3 555 cases of schizophrenia and 19 566 cases of healthy controls. There was significant association between CACNA1C polymorphism rs1006737 and schizophrenia. The subgroups were Caucasian and Asian and there was no significant heterogeneity between subgroups. The summary OR for studies in Caucasian and Asian with the frequency of（G/A+A/A vs. G/G） genotype was 1.16（95%CI=1.03 to 1.31，Z=2.39） and 1.29（95%CI=1.10 to 1.52，Z=3.09），with significant differences（both P<0.05）. Conclusion：There is significant association between CACNA1C polymorphism rs1006737 A gene and schizophrenia. rs1006737 polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility of schizophrenia in Caucasian and Asian. CACNA1C polymorphism rs1006737 A gene may confer the risk of schizophrenia as an independent risk factor.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the association between TNF-α-308 G/A gene polymorphism and the risk of chronic periodontitis（CP）. Methods：A Meta analysis was performed to analyze the association between TNF-α-308 gene polymorphism and the risk of CP. Studies on correlation between TNF-α-308 G/A gene polymorphism and susceptibility to CP were systematically retrieved from PubMed，Embase，CNKI，CBM，VIP and WanFang Data. Academic level of studies included in this article was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale（NOS）. Meta analysis was carried out using the Review Manager（version 5.2.0） and Stata（version 12.0）. Results：A total of 18 case-control studies（1 420 cases，1 538 controls） were included in this Meta analysis. The results showed no statistically significant difference in all genotype models between CP cases and controls：allele genetic model A vs. G（OR=1.05，95%CI=0.83 to 1.34，P=0.68），additive genetic model AA vs. GG（OR=1.35，95%CI=0.78 to 2.34，P=0.28），dominant model AA+AG vs. GG （OR=1.02，95%CI=0.79 to 1.33，P=0.88），recessive model AA vs. AG+GG（OR=1.42，95%CI=0.82 to 2.45，P=0.21）. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity，severity and smoking status，no statistically differences was found between CP cases and controls（P >0.05）. Conclusion：TNF-α-308G/A gene polymorphism may not be a risk factor of CP. Due to the limited quantity of the included studies；further studies are needed to validate the above conclusion.

Abstract:Objective：To systematically evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of paclitaxel plus cisplatin（PC） and paclitaxel plus ox－aliplatin（PO） for treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods：PubMed，Cochrane Library，Embase，Web of Science，CNKI，CBM-disc，VIP and WanFang Data were searched up to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of PC versus PO for trearing advanced non-small cell lung cancer were extracted，reviewed，and validated according to the study protocol by two reviewers independently. Results：Fourteen RCTs involving 929 patients were included. The pooled results indicated that PC and PO had comparable efficacy concerning overall response rate（RR=1.10，95%CI=0.91 to 1.32，P=0.33），disease control rate（RR=1.02，95%CI=0.93 to 1.11，P=0.65），one-year survival rate（RR=1.03，95%CI=0.81 to 1.31，P=0.84） and alopecia rate（RR=0.96，95%CI=0.76 to 1.22，P=0.75）. Leucopenia，gastrointestinal and kidney toxicity were more serious in PC（P<0.05）. Neuritis toxicity was more serious in PO（P<0.05）. Conclusion：PO had the same efficacy as PC in treating mid-advanced non-small cell lung cancer，but its toxic effect is milder，and could be considered as supernormal chemotherapy besides the conventional guideline and norm. Simultane－ously，research advances in this field should be continued to make the results more reasonable.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the value of indocyanine green clearance test in selective surgical treatment of portal hypertension. Methods：Clinical data of 47 portal hypertension patients who received surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2011 to May 2013 were collected. According to indocyanine green clearance at 15 min（ICGR15），these patients were divided into group A（ICGR15<10%），group B（10%≤ICGR15<30%） and group C（ICGR15≥30%）. According to postoperative liver dysfunction，they were divided into team M with mild liver dysfunction and team S with sever liver dysfunction. Clinical data were compared among these groups. Results：Among groups A，B，C，Child-Pugh score，blooding amount and operation time were similar（P >0.05）；the lowest the postoperative serum albumin（P=0.002），the highest the postoperative serum bilirubin（P=0.012）；the postoperative recovery time of liver function（P=0.002） and rate of postoperative severe liver dysfunction（P=0.023） were significantly different among groups. Between team M and team S，preoperative ICGR15 was the only variant parameter（P=0.027）. Conclusion：For selective surgical treatment of portal hypertension，postoperative liver function mainly depends on functional liver re－serve，not surgical procedure. Indocyanine green clearance test is useful for accurate assessment of liver function and it could be a predic－tor of severe liver dysfunction. Recovery of functional liver reserve should be one of the goals preoperative treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effects and safety of thrombolysis combined with anticoagulation therapy in the treatment of sub－massive pulmonary embolism（SPE）. Methods：Published literatures concerning randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of thrombolysis combined with anticoagulation therapy for patients with SPE were retrieved from PubMed，EMbase，Cochrane Library，CNKI，CBM and WanFang database by computer and handsearch was used to collect other studies before the deadline of June 2013. According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria，literature and data were independently screened and extracted by two researchers，meanwhile，the quality of the included studies was assessed. Meta analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0 software. Results：A total of nine RCTs including 861 patients with SPE were enrolled. Meta analysis demonstrated that：①thrombolysis combined with anticoagulation therapy could improve the overall efficiency of patients with SPE（OR＝5.97，95％CI=3.51 to 10.15），P=0.000）.②thrombolysis combined with anticoagulation therapy could effectively improve PaO2，PaCO2，P（A-a）O2，respiratory rate and heart rate（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Avail－able data indicate that the overall efficiency，arterial blood gas and clinical symptoms of patients with SPE can be improved by throm－bolysis combined with anticoagulation therapy than by anticoagulation alone. Moreover，safety needs further study due to the quality of included studies.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of positive pressure connector on central venous pressure（CVP） testing by peripherally in－serted central catheter（PICC），to reduce the measuring errors of CVP and to provide more accurate data for doctors. Methods：CVP of 51 patients inserted PICC in our department before and after connecting positive pressure connector was measured and compared. Results：There was no significant difference in CVP data before and after connecting positive pressure connector（P=0.417）. Conclu－sion：Positive pressure connector exerts no significant effect on CVP testing by PICC and it is advised to measure CVP by PICC with positive pressure connector in clinics.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of nutritional support on clinical outcomes in patients with nutritional risk. Methods：Method of prospective cohort study was adopted. Nutritional risk of patients in the department of gastroenterology and department of gastrointestinal surgery was assessed by applying the nutritional risk screening tool 2002（NRS 2002）. Patients with NRS score ≥3 were divided into two groups by the presence of nutritional support. Clinical data of the two groups were observed and recorded. In－fluence of nutritional support on complications and hospitalization time in patients with nutritional risk were analyzed. Results：Totally 1 490 patients were screened and 440 patients were included in the cohort study，including 186 patients（142.3%） in nutritional sup－port group and 254 patients（57.7%） in non-nutritional support group. Complications were occurred in 70 patients，including 19 patients（10.2%） in nutritional support group and 51 patients（20.1%） in non-nutritional support group，with statistically significant dif－ferences between two groups（P=0.005）. The length of hospital stay was （12.8±3.9） d in nutritional support group and （15.6±6.1） d in non-nutritional support group，with statistically significant differences between two groups（t=5.937，P=0.000）. Logistic regression analysis of patients with infectious complications showed that malnutrition，a serious decline in body weight，nutritional support and acceptance of major abdominal surgery were related with the incidence of infectious complications and nutritional support was a protective factor. Conclusion：Proper nutritional support can reduce the incidence of complications in patients with nutritional risk and shorten the length of hospital stay. Early nutritional risk screening should be conducted. Giving effective nutritional interventions timely to the nutritional-risk patients will be of great significance.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between CYP2D6*10 gene C188T single nucleotide polymorphism and metoprolol efficacy in elderly patients in the perioperative cardiac protection. Methods：Totally 323 elderly patients were screened out before surgery and single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP2D6*10 gene C188>T site was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. After metoprolol treatment，incidence of hemodynamic instability during perioperative period and changes in troponin levels at 3 h after drug administration were observed. Results：C and T alleles frequencies were 48.76% and 51.24% in all patients，respectively. The wild-type homozygotes C/C，heterozygous C/T，mutant homozygous T/T genotype frequencies were 24.76%，47.98%，27.24%. All the frequency distribution was accord with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Statistical results showed that genotypes were moder－ately associated with postoperative cardiovascular surgery. CYP2D6*10 genetic polymorphisms showed that CYP2D6 genetic polymor－phism were associated with increased cardiovascular risk in a dose depended manner. Conclusion：CYP2D6*10 gene polymorphism（C188>T） mutation may lead to reduced metabolism of metoprolol in elderly patients during the perioperative protection. CYP2D6*10 mutation and the efficacy of metoprolol is closely related，which can significantly change systolic blood pressure of patients after drug administration. Doctors should be concerned about the impact of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism on the efficacy of metoprolol in the future.

Abstract:Objectives：To compare therapeutic effect and complication of tension-free vaginal tape（TVT） and tension-free vaginal tape-obturator（TVT-O） in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Methods：Totally 137 female patients with stress urinary incontinence from October 2002 to October 2011 in department of urology in our hospital were randomized into two groups. TVT-O and TVT were used in two groups respectively. Urinary control situation，surgical time，perioperative complications including bladder injury，urinary retention，overactive bladder syndrome，etc and hospitalization time at 12 months after the surgery were focused on. Results：All pa－tients completed the 12-month’s follow-up. Average operative time in TVT-O group was significantly shorter than that in TVT group. Perioperative complication rate was significantly higher in TVT group than in TVT-O group. There was no difference in blood loss and hospitalization time between the two groups. Curative rate at 12 months after surgery was 93.33% in TVT group and 94.81% in TVT-O group；the overall curative rate was 94.16%. Conclusion：Both methods are equally effective in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. However，TVT-O had shorter operative time and lower overall perioperative complication rate.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effects of endotracheal tube occluder made from disposable infusion apparatus. Methods：Sixty-two patients underwent tracheotomy due to pulmonary contusion and respiratory insufficiency were enrolled and divided into two group according to different occluders. Thirty-seven patients in control group were treated with traditional occluders while 25 patients in ex－periment group were treated with occluders made from dispos－able infusion apparatus. The time for closing endotracheal tube，occluder drop incidence，secondary infection and the occurrence of airway foreign body were compared. Results：Experiment group showed a shorter time for closing endotracheal tube（Z=6.7，P=0.000） and a lower incidence of occluder drop compared with those of control group（P=0.017）. There was no difference between the two groups in secondary infection and the occurrence of airway foreign body（P >0.05）. Conclusion：The new endotracheal tube occluder made from disposable infusion apparatus overcomes defects of the traditional occluder. It has the potential to be widely used in clinic work.

Abstract:

Abstract:The occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease（CKD） hypertension is closely related with sympathetic over activity. The anti-hypertensive drugs and anti-sympathetic antihypertensive treatment program are difficult to achieve the target of anti-hypertension. In recent years，catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation technique is developing rapidly，which becomes a novel method to treat resistant hypertension of CKD patients. This paper aims to review the recent progress in this technique

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule（hepaCAM） overexpression adenovirus combined with crocin on cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell line DU145. Methods：MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of cell pro－liferation. Colony formation test was used to measure colony formation rate of single cell. Real-time quantitative PCR（qPCR） assay and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of cyclinD1 and PCNA respectively. Results：After being treated with hepaCAM overexpression adenovirus or crocin alone，the proliferation of DU145 cell was inhibited[IR=（12.0±2.0）%，（22.0±1.0）%]，but the effect was more remarkable when the cells being treated with hepaCAM overexpression adenovirus and crocin combined[IR=（54.0±1.0）%，P=0.000]. Expression of cyclinD1 mRNA was down-regulated after being treated with hepaCAM over－expression adenovirus and crocin combined compared with being treated with crocin alone detected by qPCR（P=0.048），and prolif－erating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） mRNA was down-regulated after being treated with hepaCAM overexpression adenovirus and crocin combined compared with being treated with hepaCAM overexpression adenovirus or crocin alone（P=0.047，P=0.006）. Western blot showed that compared with hepaCAM group or crocin group，expressin of cyclinD1 protein was down-regulated in hepaCAM and crocin combined group（P=0.002，P=0.002），meanwhile expression of PCNA protein was also down-regulated（P=0.000，P=0.003）. Conclusion：hepaCAM overexpression adenovirus combined with crocin can inhibit cell proliferation of prostate cancer cell line DU145 and the machanism is associated with down-regulation of cyclinD1 and PCNA expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of re-expression of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule（HepaCAM） on the proliferation and migration ability of renal carcinoma 786-O cells. Methods：Protein kinase C ε（PKCε） membrane protein level，PKCε cytosolic protein level and total protein level were determined by Western blot after 786-O cell being infected with Ad-GFP-HepaCAM and Ad-GFP. Matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-9 and cyclinD1 protein levels were also detected by Western blot after being treated with Ad-GFP-HepaCAM and εV1-2（10 μmol/L，24 h）. The proliferation ability and migration ability of 786-O cells were analyzed by colony formation assay and wound healing assay，respectively. Results：When compared with those of control group，PKCε membrane protein level was decreased（F=82.724，P=0.000；P=0.000） and cytosolic protein level was increased（F=537.006，P=0.000；P=0.000），but PKCε total protein level was not changed（F=0.548，P=0.605；P=0.805） after being infected with Ad-GFP-HepaCAM. After expo－sure to Ad-GFP-HepaCAM and εV1-2，MMP-9 protein level was down-regulated（F=33.109，P=0.001，P=0.000；F=96.868，P=0.000，P=0.000） and cyclinD1 protein level was also down-regulated（F=562.626，P=0.000，P=0.000；F=159.433，P=0.000，P=0.000） when compared with those of control group. The colony formation rate was decreased（F=259.918，P=0.000；P=0.000） and migration ratio was also reduced（F=550.169，P=0.000；P=0.000） in Ad-GFP-HepaCAM group compared with those of εV1-2 group. Conclu－sion：HepaCAM could inhibit 786-O cell proliferation and mi－gration via blocking PKCε translocating from cytoplasm to membrane and inactivating PKCε partially.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of Yes-associated protein（YAP） gene silencing by shRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis of human renal cancer cells 786-O. Methods：Expression of YAP protein in 786-O cells was detected by immunofluores－cence assay. Lentiviral interference vectors of shRNA-YAP were constructed successfully and were transfected into 786-O cells. Meanwhile blank control group and negative control group were divided. Expression of YAP mRNA and protein in 786-O cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot，respectively. CCK-8（cell counting kit-8） assay was applied to examine the effect of YAP si－lencing on the proliferation in 786-O cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle of 786-O cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results：YAP protein was expressed in cytoplasm and nucleus of 786-O cells. On 4 d after shRNA-YAP lentiviral interference vectors being in－fected，expression of YAP mRNA and protein in 786-O cells was significantly reduced（P=0.000），cell proliferation was inhibited，and apoptosis was increased significantly（P=0.000）. YAP silencing resulted in cell cycle distribution disorder in 786-O cells，which the number of G1 phase cells was significantly increased while the number of S phase cells was significantly decreased compared with that of blank control group and negative control group（P=0.000）. Conclusion：shRNA-YAP lentiviral interference vectors can effectively decrease YAP gene expression in 786-O cells，inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective：To explore changes in serum protein expression between patients with renal carcinoma and the healthy people so as to screen out and construct diagnostic model of renal carcinoma in Xinjiang. Methods：Weak cation exchange and hydrophobic surface protein chip（CM10） and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry（SELDI-TOF-MS） were used to detect the serum protein. Serum specimens from 40 renal carcinoma patients and 44 healthy controls were analyzed in order to screen out the serum differentially expressing proteins of renal carcinoma and to construct renal carcinoma diagnostic model. Results：Significantly differences were existed between healthy controls and renal carcinoma patients with renal carcinoma（P＜0.05）. Total ten protein peaks（mass to charge ratio（M/Z） being 5 914，5 940，8 087，8 155，5 949，8 067，5 986，5 346，15 946 and 6 116） were all high-expressed in patients with renal carcinoma and all of them were low-expressed in healthy controls. After cross validation，diagnostic model was composed and established by the above ten proteins. Specificity and sensitivity were 93.18%（41/44） and 92.50%（37/40）. Conclusion：Bioinformatics software analysis combined with SELDI-TOF-MS is effective in looking for biomarkers of renal carcinoma. Patients with renal carcinoma and healthy controls in Xinjaing can be accurately distinguished by constitutive sensitive diagnostic model. Four（M/Z 5 914，5 940，8 067，6 116） protein peaks may be β-amyloid protein，human β-defensin，ProGRP and metallothionein.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effect of 5-azacytidine（azac） combined with adenovirus-hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule（ad-hepaCAM） on the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells T24 and the possible mechanisms. Methods：Bladder cancer cells T24 were treat－ed with seven different factors. Apoptosis rate of each treatment group was detected by the kits of hoechst 33258. Cell apoptotic ratio at early stage was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of hepaCAM and bcl-2 was measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression of hepaCAM，p-AKT，total-AKT and bcl-2 was measured by Western blot. Results：Higher apoptosis rate in azac combined with ad-hepaCAM group（45.21±0.06）% than in adenovirus-hepaCAM group（15.60±0.02）% and azac group（26.30±0.02）% was observed based on hoechst 33258（P=0.003，P=0.008）. Higher apoptosis rate at early stage in azac combined with ad-hepaCAM group group（16.05±0.06）% than in adenovirus-hepaCAM group（3.90±0.02）% and azac group（9.67±0.02）% was observed based on FCM（P=0.002，P=0.043）. Higher expression of hepaCAM mRNA（P=0.004，P=0.000） and lower expression of bcl-2 mRNA（P=0.026，P=0.030） in azac combined with ad-hepaCAM group than in adenovirus-hepaCAM group and azac group was observed based on RT-PCR. Higher expression of hepaCAM（P=0.003，P=0.003） and lower expression of p-AKT（P=0.001，P=0.005） and bcl-2（P=0.000，P=0.002） in azac combined with ad-hepaCAM group than in adenovirus-hepaCAM group and azac group was observed based on Western blot. Conclusion：Azac combined with ad-hepaCAM can induce the apoptosis of T24 by inhibiting p-AKT，which may provide a new therapy for bladder cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the short-term curative effects and side effects of docetaxe and prednisone combined with disodium clodronate in the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer（HRPC）. Methods：Twenty-six patients with HRPC were enrolled in this study and received the following treatments：docetaxe（75 mg/m2，intravenously） on d1；prednisone（5 mg twice per day，preorally） on d1-d21 and disodium clodronate（one pill twice per day） on on d1-d21. After a 3-week cycle，the parameters of total prostate spe－cific antigen（TPSA），pain score，bone mineral density and measurable metastasis were examed after the chemotherapy cycle and the side effects being observed. Results：Of the 26 patients，TPSA was decreased in 17 patients（65.4%）. Among 26 patients with bone pain，remarkable pain relief was seen in 21 patients and the average numeric rating scale was decreased from 5.13 to 2.8. After the chemotherapy，the maximum diameter of metastatic tumor was reduced significantly in 6 out of 10 patients. The side effects of the chemotherapy were mainly myelosuppression，hand-foot syndrome and gastrointestinal reactions. Conclusion：The docetaxel-pred－nisone-disodium clodronate combination regime is effective and tolerable in the treatment for advanced hormone- refractory prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin（DHA） on regulating ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1） gene expression in human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and its mechanism. Methods：PC-3 cells were divided into six groups including four groups treated with DHA at concentrations of 12.5，25，50，100 μmol/L；5-Aza-CdR group cultured in the media with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine at concentrations of 2.5 μmol/L and blank group cultured with blank media. CpG island of ubiqui－tin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1） methylation levels were determined by bisulfite genomic sequencing. UCHL1 mRNA expression levels were determined via realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR whereas the expression levels of UCHL1 protein were determined using Western blot. Results：In the DHA groups and 5-Aza-CdR group，UCHL1 promoter methylation levels were decreased dramatically（χ2=150.1，P=0.000； χ2=127.7，P=0.000）. mRNA expression levels of UCHL1 were dramatically increased（ χ2=150.1，P=0.000； χ2=127.7，P=0.000）. Protein expression levels of UCHL1 were significantly increased（P<0.05）. In DHA groups，mRNA ex－pression levels of DNA methyltransferase were decreased（P<0.05）. Conclusion：DHA can induce the demethylation of CpG island of UCHL1 through downregulating the expression of DNA methyltransferase in PC-3 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To confirm effects of bifidobacterium infantis mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase（HSV-TK）/ganci－clovir（GCV） suicide gene system on the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in nude mice and to detect the induction of apoptosis and activaton of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma. Methods：Tumor cells which obtained through di－gestion of subcutaneous tumor were cultured and then subcutaneously injected into the right flank of the test mice.Animals were ran－domly divided into four groups：BI-pGEX-TK/GCV treatment group（recombinant plasmid group），BI-pGEX-5X-1/GCV group （empty plasmid group），BI/GCV group（empty BI group） and normal saline/GCV control group（normal saline group）. Either saline or drug was injected through tail vein，followed by intraperitoneal injection of GCV. The quality of life was recorded after 4 weeks of treatment and tumor weight was also evaluated.Apoptosis of tumor was detected by TUNEL assay. Expression of Rel A and Caspase-3 was assessed through qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results：（1）Quality of life of recombinant group was better and tumor weight of recombinant group was significantly lower compared with those of empty plasmid group，empty BI group and normal saline group（P=0.006，P=0.003）. （2）Different degrees of apoptosis of tumor cells in each group were detected by TUNEL assay，most obvions in recombinant plasmid group（P=0.000）. （3）More importantly，qRT-PCR and Western blot further demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid group had higher level of Caspase-3 protein expression than empty plasmid group，empty BI group and normal saline group（P=0.000），in contrast，the level of Rel A protein expression was the lowest（P=0.000）. Conclusion：Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system induce apoptosis of tumor cells in renal cell carcinoma possibly by affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway，which play a tumor promoter role.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the morphological changes of hepatocyte injury induced by bilateral nephrectomy due to non ischemic acute kidney injury（NIAKI）. Methods：Western blot，immunohistochemical staining，light and electron microscopy were used in this observation at 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy. Results：Acute liver damage was observed at 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy. Necrotic and vacuolization lesions were predominately evident in damaged livers after nephrectomy. Besides necrosis，hepatocytes with vac－uolization was also observed under electron microscopes. Meanwhile，polyADP-ribose polymerase-1（PARP-1），tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and caspase-3 were expressed much stronger in NIAKI associated livers by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that PARP-1 positive nucleuses and caspase-3 positive cells were observed in the acute hepatic injury induced by nephrectomy. Conclusion：NIAKI can induce necrosis，apoptosis and vacuolation of liver cells，more evident in necrosis and apop－tosis，based on morphological observation. PARP mediated cell death and caspase-dependent cell death are involved in NIAKI asso－ciated hepatic damages.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the effects of gene silencing of sperm β-actin on the vitality of sperm and pregnant rate of rats. Methods：Firstly，lentivirus carrying shRNA sequence was constructed to down regulate the expression of ACTB gene. Secondly，the 60 male and 60 female rats were randomly divided into three groups：blank control group（normal saline group），empty lentivirus group（5X-1- RNAi-LV group） and experimental group（ACTB- RNAi-LV group）. Male rats were administrated with saline or lentivirus solution by tissue injection at testis at the fourth week. Rats were mated when they reached sexual maturity. Finally，the pregnancy rate of female rats and the motility of sperm were observed. The expression of ACTB gene and β-actin in sperm were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western blot. Results：The model of sperm expressing low level of β-actin was successfully construed. The expression of β-actin and mRNA of ACTB gene as well as pregnant rate in experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in blank control group and empty lentivirus group（P<0.05）.There was no difference in the expression of β-actin and pregnant rate in blank control group and empty lentivirus group（P >0.05）. Conclusion：The motility of sperm expressing the low level of β-actin could decline，which leads to the fall of pregnant rate.

Abstract:Objective：To construct the ROR-γt interference adenovirus，to transfect the ROR-γt interference adenovirus into T helper cell 17（Th17 cell） and to detect the change of Th17 cell was after being affected by ROR-γt interference adenovirus. Methods： ROR-γt interference sequences were designed to form a double chain sequence by DNA polymerase and to connect with the linearized pSES-HUS plasmid. pSES-HUS-ROR-γt plasmid was transfected into BJ5183 by electroporation，and BJ5183 was transfected into the 293 virus package system. The ROR-γt interference adenovirus vector was achieved and named as pSES-HUS-ROR-γt. pSES-HUS-ROR-γt was infected the Th17 cell which was isolated from the spleen of rat. The changes of IL-17，IL-6 and TNF-γ were detected by ELISA. Results：pSES-HUS-ROR-γt interference adenovirus vector was successfully constructed. Th17 cytokines（IL-17，IL-6 and TNF-γ） were decreased after Th17 being infected with pSES-HUS-ROR-γt interference adenovirus. Conclusion： Th17 cell function can be inhibited by pSES-HUS-ROR-γt interference adenovirus vector，and the adenovirus vector has the potential treatment function in the chronic rejection of renal transplantion.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide（VIP） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in ex－pressed prostatic secretions（EPS） of patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis and to discuss the value of VIP and TNF-α in the diagnosis and treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis. Methods：Sixty-nine patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis were investigated including 37 cases of type Ⅲa and 32 cases of type Ⅲb. Levels of VIP and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Results：Contents of VIP in EPS were significantly higher in type Ⅲa and type Ⅲb groups（Ⅲa group：（51.33±10.63） pg/ml；Ⅲb group：（47.45±7.55） pg/ml） than in control group（（25.95±4.74） pg/ml）. Contents of TNF-α were significantly higher in type Ⅲa group（（76.08±15.44） pg/ml） than in type Ⅲb group（（27.85±6.43） pg/ml） and control group（（10.30±3.62） pg/ml）；significantly higher in Ⅲb group than in control group with statis－tical differences（P=0.0０0）. Contents of VIP were positively related with NIH-chronic prostatitis symptom index（r=0.711，P=0.000） and international prostate symptom score（r=0.428，P=0.000）. Conclusions：Contents of VIP and TNF-α are significantly higher in type Ⅲ prostatitis groups than in control group. Differences are existed in TNF-α contents between type Ⅲa group and type Ⅲb. Detection of VIP and TNF-α may provide valuable indicators in the diagnosis and treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the autophagy induced by docetaxel in prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods：PC-3 cells cultured in vitro were treated with docetaxel. Proliferation inhibition rate of PC-3 cells was assayed by MTT；ultra-structural cellular changes were observed by transmission electron microscope（TEM）；levels of sequestosome 1/SQSTM1 （P６２） and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 typeⅡ（LC-3Ⅱ） protein were detected by Immunofluorescence and Western blot，qualitatively and quantitatively；level of mRNA of autophagy gene Beclin-1 was detected by RT-PCR. Results：After docetaxel treatment，proliferation of PC-3 cells was inhibited effectively（F=58.684，P=0.000）. Autophagy could be observed in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with 10-6 mol/L docetaxel after 24 h. TEM examination revealed the appearance of autophagosome with double-membrane structure. Immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that expression of LC-3Ⅱ was increased（P=0.002，P=0.000，P=0.000） in PC-3 cells after being treated with docetaxel and expression of P62 was decreased（P=0.003，P=0.000，P=0.000）. RT-PCR showed that levels of mRNA of Beclin-1 were increased by docetaxel（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000）. Conclusion：Docetaxel could inhibit the growth of PC-3 cells and induce the appearance of autophagy in PC-3 cells，and the possible mechanism of autophagy induced by docetaxel is related to the increase of Beclin-1 mRNA.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the influence of curcumin on the inflammation status of chronic bacterial prostatitis（CBP） in rats and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods：Totally 40 SD rats were randomly divided into following groups：curcumin 200 mg group，curcumin 100 mg group，ofloxacin group，model group and sham-operated group. CBP rat model was established by injecting escherichia coli strains into the prostate. After one month，drug was given to each treatment group for 12 d and the pathological changes of collected prostate samples were observed under electron microscope. The levels of cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2） and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） mRNA were characterized by real-time PCR and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） was detected by ELISA and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（NF-κB） was detected by Western blot. Results：①The levels of COX-2，iNOS mRNA and TNF-α protein were remarkable higher in model group than in sham-operated group（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000）. The levels of COX-2，iNOS mRNA and TNF-α protein were decreased in each treatment group than in model group（P<0.01） and the de－crease was more obvious in curcumin 200 mg group than in curcumin 100 mg group and ofloxacin group（COX-2：P=0.015，P=0.000；iNOS：P=0.000，P=0.000）. ②Curcumin therapy can inhibit the level of nuclear factor kappa b（NF-κB） and the effect enhanced with the increase of the dose. The effect was positively correlated with the level of COX-2，iNOS and TNF-α（rs=0.959，P=0.000；rs=0.945，P=0.000；rs=0.910，P=0.000）. Ofloxacin exerted no effect on NF-κB. Conclusion：Curcumin can suppress the inflammation of CBP in rats and the effect enhances with the increase of the dose. The effect may have a close relationship with the level of NF-κB.

Abstract:Objective：To establish infrarenal abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm model in dogs for hemodynamic study and to do mor－phologic and hemodynamic assessment. Methods：Fourteen female beagle dogs were selected，seven taking the traditional vein patch to establish pseudoaneurysm were regarded as control group and the other seven taking new ‘pocket’ vein patch to establish pseu－doaneurysm model as experimental group. CT angiography examination was carried out immediately and on 7，14，30 d after the operation. Color Doppler ultrasound was carried out on 7 d after the operation. Morphologic and hemodynamic assessments were made. Results：Experimental animal survival rate was 100%. Local wall expansion rate at immediate postoperative period and at 7，14，30 d after the operation were （6.11±2.38）%，（26.14±7.14）%，（63.42±12.77）%，（88.26±14.42）% in control group while（199.39±14.92）%，（216.83±14.68）%，（239.30±16.75）%，（266.30±16.48）% in experiment group. Wall expansion rates were higher in experiment group than in control group at each observation point，with statistically significant differences. Conclusion：Adopting ‘pocket’ vein patch to establish infrarenal obdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm model in dogs is more in line with the morpho－logical and hemodynamic characteristics of the human pseudoaneurysm.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the efficacy of flexible ureteroscope in the treatment of lower calyceal renal calculi. Methods：To－tally 42 patients with lower calyceal renal calculi were treated with Holmium laser lithotripsy through flexible ureteroscope including 36 cases of primary lower calyceal calculi and 6 cases of secondary calculi. Results：All cases were successful operated except one case due to lower urethral stricture. The primary clearance rate was 82.92%（35/41）. There was no serious complication except blood－ing in one case. Conclusion：Holmium laser lithotripsy through flexible ureteroscope is a safe and effective treatment for lower calyceal renal calculi. And it may become the first treatment option for lower calyceal renal calculi with diameter less than 2 cm，especially for lower calyceal renal calculi without obstruction.

Abstract:Objective：To study the clinical significance of procalcitonin（PCT） in the diagnosis of urinary sepsis. Methods：Totally 41 patients with urinary sepsis and 79 patients with urinary tract infection were included in the study. The levels of PCT，hypersensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP），white blood cells（WBC） and neutrophil levels were detected in both groups. Receive operating characteristic（ROC） curve was drawn to evaluate the ability of PCT and related inflammatory parameters in assessing risk factors in patients with urinary sepsis. The correlation between PCT and hs-CRP，WBC and neutrophil was analyzed． Results：Compared with those of patients with urinary tract infection ，the levels of PCT（μg/L），hs-CRP（mg/L），WBC（×109/L） and neutrophil（×109/L） were signifi－cantly higher（PCT：3.113±1.953 vs. 0.057±0.0550，hs-CRP：18.82±15.460 vs. 7.440±14.52，WBC：12.860±4.002 vs. 8.15±4.63，neutrophil：90.335±3.975 vs. 74.30±15.40），with statistical significances（all P<0.05）. ROC curve displayed that area under the curve（AUC） of PCT was 1，higher than those of hs-CRP，WBC and neutrophils（0.813，0.875，0.984，respectively）. When PCT was 2.000 μg/L，the sensitivity was 90.2％ and specificity was 100％，better than those of other traditional markers of inflammation． Bi－variate correlation analysis showed that positive correlation was found between PCT and WBC and neutrophil（rs=0.609，P=0.000；rs=0.057，P=0.000） and there was correlation between PCT and hs-CRP（rs=0.213，P=0.020）． Conclusion：Serum PCT is a reliable mea－surement for the early diagnosis of urinary sepsis with high sensitivity and specificity and it is conducive to the early diagnosis and treatment of urinary sepsis.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the therapeutic effect of three kinds of surgical treatments for primary varicocele． Methods：Ninety-seven patients with primary varicocele were randomly divided into three groups according to the operative methods：38 cases with high ligation of varicocele through an inguinal incision（open surgery group），33 cases with laparoscopic varicocelectomy（laparoscope group），26 cases with microsurgical varicocelectomy（microsurgery group）. All cases were followed up for 12 months. Therapeutic effects and complications of three groups were compared and analyzed． Results：All operations in three groups were completed successfully． There were significant differences in operating time among three groups（56.02±4.84 vs. 35.60±4.54 vs. 91.65±4.56，F=1 058.74，P=0.000）. There were significant differences in the identification rates of testis artery among three groups（52.63% vs. 54.55%，P=0.872；54.55% vs. 100%，P=0.000；52.63% vs. 100%，P=0.000）. There were significant differences in the improved quality of semen after the operation among three groups（34.21% vs. 33.33%，P=0.938；33.33% vs. 65.38%，P=0.014；34.21% vs. 65.38%，P=0.014）. There were significant differences in pain score of incision after the operation among three groups（7.45±0.65 vs. 4.82±0.58 vs. 1.04±0.34，F=1 018.35，P=0.000）. There were significant differences in the incidences of testicular hydrocele after the operation among three groups（26.32% vs. 21.21%，P=0.615；21.21% vs. 0.00%，P=0.014；26.32% vs. 0.00%，P=0.013）. There were significant difference in recurrence rate of varicocele after the operation among three groups（28.95% vs. 21.21%，P=0.455；21.21% vs. 0.00%，P=0.014；28.95% vs. 0.00%，P=0.007）. There were significant difference in the postoperative hospitalization duration among three groups（7.26±0.79 vs. 5.45±0.75 vs. 3.65±0.63，F=186.10，P=0.000）. Conclusion：With the advantages of higher identification rates of testis artery，satisfied efficacy，fewer complications and shorter hospitalization duration，microsurgical varicocelectomy is worth of clinical application expect longer operation time.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the role of the stone basket or NTrap in blocking the upward movement of calculi during uretero－scopic lithotripsy. Methods：The clinical data of 192 patients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper urethral calculi from June 2011 to October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into three groups：62 patients who underwent ure-teroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy were assigned to Group 1，64 patients who underwent ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy combined with the stone basket were assigned to Group 2 and 66 patients who underwent ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy combined with the NTrap were assigned to Group 3. The operation time，hospitalization duration，success rate，and pre-and postoperative complications were compared retrospectively among three groups. Results：There was no significant difference among three groups in terms of mean age of the patients and the mean size of the calculi（P=0.058，P=0.097）. The mean operation time was （25.4±13.9），（36.5±10.6），（34.3±8.7） min respectively in Group 1，Group 2 and Group 3. The calculi retropulsion rate was 12.9%，4.6%，6.1% in Group 1，Group 2 and Group 3 respectively. The success rate of calculi removal was 82.2%，90.6% and 90.9% in Group 1，Group 2 and Group 3 respectively. The success rate of calculi removal was higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than in Group 1. There was no significant difference among three groups in terms of postoperative hospitalization duration and incidence of fever and urethra injury（P >0.05）. Conclusion：Stone basket and NTrap，used uring ureteroscopic lithotripsy，is considered to be an effective tool in blocking the upward movement of the calculi and is safe in calculi removal.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of INNOVEX TMIVX-SC10 ureteral occlusion device in the uretero－scopic holmium laser lithotripsy. Methods：Totally 299 patients with unilateral ureteral calculi from January 2013 to August 2013 were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups，group A（141 cases） applying ureteral occlusion device and group B（158 cases） not applying ureteral occlusion device during ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. The success rate，calculus elimination rate，average operation time and complications were compared. Results：There was no statistically significant difference in overall calculi free rate between group A（90.1%） and group B（82.3%）（P=0.053）. There were statistically significant differences in calculi free rate for upper urethral calculi between group A（81.6%） and group B （62.0%）（P=0.046），but there was no difference for lower urethral calculi between two groups（P=1.000，0.590）. Average operation time of success cases were （36.2±13.4） min and （44.9±28.7） min with statically differences between two groups（P=0.002）. Average operation time of upper ureteral calculi stone were （39.2±12.0） min and （53.3±26.2） min with statically differences between two groups（P=0.010）. Average operation time of middle urethral calculi were （43.0±14.1） min and （45.3±20.0） min with statically differences between two groups（P=0.754）. Average operation time of lower ureteral calculi were （34.1±13.6） min and （41.1±28.5） min with statically differences between two groups（P=0.047）. Calculi free rates for upper urethral calculi in two groups were 96.8% and 80.6%，without statistically significant difference（P=0.104） and no statistically significant difference was found in calculi free rates for middle and lower ureteral calculi between two groups（P=1.000，0.479）. There was no difference in complication incidence between two groups. Conclusion：Ureteral occlusion device can significantly increase success rate and calculi free rate for upper ureteral calculi and can reduce operation time of ureteroscopy lithotripsy.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effects of continuous venovenous hemofiltration（CVVH） combined with hemoperfusion（HP） in the treatment of acute renal failure（ARF） caused by wasp sting. Methods：Totally 72 patients with ARF caused by wasp sting were divided into haemodialysis（HD） group（n=30） and CVVH/HP group（n=42） based on the different treatments. Blood urea nitrogen（BUN），serum creatinine（Scr），K+，HCO3-，pH，β2-microglobulin（β2-MG） and myoglobin were measured at 24 h after the treatments. The total effective rate，average time of oliguria stage and average time in hospital were recorded and compared between two groups. Results：There were significant decreases in BUN，Scr and K ，and significant increases in HCO3- and pH in both two groups at 24 h after treatment（P<0.05）. There was no difference in β2-MG and myoglobin in HD group before and after the treatment（P >0.05）；however，significant decreases in β2-MG and myoglobin in CVVH/HP group were observed（P<0.05）. There was no significant differ－ence in K ，HCO3- and pH between two groups after the treatment（P >0.05）；but BUN，Scr，β2-MG and myoglobin were significantly lower in CVVH /HP group than in HD group（P<0.05）. The total effective rate in CVVH/HP group was significantly higher than that in HD group，and the average time of oliguria stage and the average time in hospital in CVVH/HP group were significantly shorter than those in HD group（P<0.05）. Conclusion：CVVH combined with HD can markedly correct turbulence of electrolyte and acid-alkali，effectively clear toxic substance in vivo，and significantly improve renal function and prognosis. It is of better clinical effect and may be a good therapeutic measure for ARF caused by wasp sting.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the long-term adverse effects of sorafenib on patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma（RCC） and to evaluate its predictive effects on survival time of patients with RCC. Methods：The occurrence，grading and prognosis of adverse effects of 25 advanced RCC patients treated by sorafenib were recorded and their predictive effects on survival time of patients were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results：According to 6-59 months’ follow-up；median follow-up of 23.8 months with 25 advanced RCC patients，the adverse effects appeared in 1-8 weeks；medium follow-up of 3 weeks. The common adverse reactions were hypertension（48%），anemia（36%），fatigue（44%），diarrhea（40%），skin rash（40%），and PPE（56%）. The relatively rare adverse reactions were mostly between level Ⅰ and level Ⅱ，including weight loss，nausea，anorexia，pain，and hair loss，etc. After the symp－tomatic treatment，the symptoms of 76% patients were partly relieved or disappeared，median relieving period of 20 weeks，20% pa－tients got relatively mild adverse reaction while 4% patients got relatively severe adverse reaction. The adverse effects were relieved after reducing medicine dose. The overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with hypertension were significantly shorter than those without hypertension（P=0.005；PFS：P=0.049）. Conclusion：The adverse effect appears at early period of patients with advanced RCC when taking sorafenib and most adverse effects are acceptable in long-term medicating for patients. Hypertension might have a predictive effect on survival period of patients.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the diagnostic value of RIFLE criteria and acute kidney injury network（AKIN） criteria in diagnosing child acute kidney injury（AKI） in order to help early diagnosis and treatment of children with AKI. Methods：Totally 223 hospital－ized children with AKI in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed，including clinical features，laboratory indicators，therapeutics，outcome，etc. Diagnostic value of the RIFLE criteria and AKIN criteria for children AKI was explored. Results：AKIN criteria has no obvious advantage in the diagnosis of AKI children compared with RIFLE criteria（ χ2=1.000，P=0.962）. In terms of staging diagnosis，there’s no significant statistical difference（ χ2=2.303，P=0.316） between stage 1，stage 2，stage 3 in AKIN criteria and the corresponding risk，damage，failure phase in RIFLE criteria. Regardless of AKIN criteria or RIFLE criteria，the distribution of prognosis（RI－FLE criteria： χ2=11.526，P=0.003；AKIN criteria： χ2=13.559，P=0.001），mechanical ventilation rate（RIFLE criteria： χ2=12.119，P=0.002；AKIN criteria： χ2=6.854，P=0.032），blood purification rate（RIFLE criteria： χ2=43.569，P=0.000；AKIN criteria： χ2=88.766，P=0.000） and incidence of multiple organ dysfunction（RIFLE criteria： χ2=11.896，P=0.003；AKIN criteria： χ2=11.783，P=0.003） in different AKI stages were significantly statistically different. In-hospital mortality increased with the increase of the severity of AKI（stage of AKI）. In-hospital mortality of children with AKI in failure phase（stage 3） was significantly higher than that in risk phase（stage 1） and injury phase（stage 2）. Nevertheless，there’s no statistical difference in cure rate（RIFLE criteria： χ2=1.896，P=0.388；AKIN cri－teria： χ2=3.646，P=0.162） and average hospitalization days（RIFLE criteria：F=1.540，P=0.217；AKIN criteria：F=0.037，P=0.963） among different AKI stages. Conclusion：AKIN criteria have no obvious advantage in the diagnosis，staging diagnosis and eval－uation of short-term prognosis of AKI children compared with RIFLE criteria. Regardless of AKIN criteria or RIFLE criteria，the increase of kidney injury severity in AKI children is closely related with poor short-term prognosis. As the severity of AKI（the stage of AKI） increases，mechanical ventilation rate，blood purification rate，incidence of multiple organ dysfunction increase. In-hospital mortality of children with AKI in failure phase（stage 3） is significantly higher than that in risk phase（stage 1） and injury phase（stage 2）. However，there’s no statistical difference in cure rate and average hospitalization days among different AKI stages.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the curative effect of ureteral occlusion device combined with holmium laser in the treatment of upper or middle urethral stones. Methods：Clinical data of 32 patients with upper or middle urethral calculi were analyzed retrospec－tively. Effects of stone cleaning and intra-opertive complication were observed. Results：One patient used flexible ureteroscope and holmium laser lithotripsy due to the migration of calculi into renal calices，with calculi migration rate of 3.2%. Urethral occlusion de－vice was set successfully in other thirty-one cases. There was neither perioperative mucous membrane nor urethra perforation. At one month postoperatively，one patient can not remove calculi in the renal calices and all other patients had no calculi residual，with clearance rate of 96.8%. Conclusion：Urethral occlusion device can significantly decrease calculi migration during lithotrity process in the upper or middle urethra and can improve calculi clearance rate，therefore has satisfactory clinical value.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection（HPLC-DAD） method for the si－multaneous determination of four alkaloids in corydalis yanhusuo，and to compare the contents of four alkaloids at different production places. Methods：Angilent Eclipse XDB-C18（5 μm，4.6 mm×250 mm） was used as the analytical column. Acetonitrile-0.05% H3PO4（pH 6.0）was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelengths were 270 nm for palmatine and corydaline，280 nm for tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberineper respectively. Results：Palmatine，coryda－line，tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberineper have a good linear relation within ranges of 1-10 μg/ml，10-100 μg/ml，5-30 μg/ml，1-10 μg/ml，respectively. Spiked recovery of high，middle and low concentration ranged from 98.2% to 101.3%. Conclusion：The method is simple，accurate and reproducible and can be used to determine the above four alkaloids．