Abstract:Objective：To investigate the roles of classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the oxidative stress injury of trophoblasts involved in the development of preeclampsia. Methods：（1）Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were utilized to determine the ex－pression of β-catenin in the placental tissues. （2）Cell treatment and classification of each group were as follow：normal culture group，H/R culture group，LiCl+normal culture group，LiCl+H/R culture group. The expressions and localization of β-catenin protein were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.（3）Flow cytometry assay was employed to verify the level of reactive oxygen species（ROS） and apoptosis index of HTR8/SVneo. （4）Changes of cell invasion rates were identified by transwell matrigel invasion assay；the activities of matrix metalloproteinase（MMP-2，9） were measured by gelatin zymography assay. Results：（1）The level of β-catenin protein decreased in placental tissues of preeclamptic compared with that in normal third trimester（P<0.05）. （2）In HTR8/SV－neo cells，β-catenin was located in both nucleus and cytoplasm. HTR8/SVneo cells exposed to H/R showed a significant decrease in β-catenin protein levels compared with the normal culture cells（P<0.01）. Pretreated with LiCl could upregulate the expression of β-catenin in H/R cells（P<0.01）. （3）Treatment with H/R could increase the level of ROS and apoptosis，and reduce the inva－sive ability of HTR8/SVneo cells in vitro（P<0.01）. Pretreated with LiCl could inhibit the accumulation of ROS and apoptosis of cells caused by oxidative stress（P<0.01，P<0.05）. （4）The enzymatic activities of MMP-2，9 and the invasion rates of cells in vitro decreased significantly in HTR8/SVneo cells exposed to H/R（P<0.01），while pretreated with LiCl could increase the enzymatic activities of MMP-2，9 and enhance the invasion rates of HTR8/SVneo cells exposed to H/R（P<0.01）. Conclusion：LiCl via activate the classical wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to inhibit the injury of oxidative stress on trophoblast.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the different expressions of GPR30 in placenta tissues，and their relationship with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Methods：Twenty cases of preeclampsia and 19 cases of normal maternal placental tissues were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to May 2014. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GPR30 in the placental tissues. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） were used as a cell model of preeclampsia. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of GPR30 protein in HUVECs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of HUVECs. In vitro tube formation assay was used to detect capability of the tube formation of HUVECs and migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of HUVECs. Results：The expression of GPR30 in placental vascular endothelial cells was lower in the preeclamptic placentas than in normo-tensive controls. The expression of GPR30 protein was reduced in HUVEC after hypoxia/reoxygenation（H/R） treatment. The apoptosis of HUVECs was increased with the treatment of inhibitor of GPR30-G15. The GPR30 agonist-G1and 17β-estradiol（E2） exerted protective effects on H/R-exposed HUVECs by pro－tecting the capabilities of the tube formation and migration；this effect was abolished by G15. Conclusion：Declined expression of GPR30 may play an important role in placental endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the expression and location of the histone deacetylase3（HDAC3） in human placenta with intrahep－atic cholestasis of pregnancy（ICP） and its significance. Methods：Fourty-one women with ICP who delivered from March 2012 to May 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were chosen as the study objects.They were classified into mild group（n=19），severe group（n=22）. Twenty healthy pregnant women who delivered in the same period were chosen as the control group（n=20）. Immunohistochemical was employed to detect the expression and localization of HDAC3 protein in placenta tissue. Western blot analysis was used to quantify HDAC3 protein expression level. Real-time PCR was used to quantify HDAC3 mRNA expression level. Results：（1）The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），total bile acid（TBA），glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase（ALT） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase（AST） were significantly higher in severe groups than in mild ICP group and control group（P<0.05）.（2）The HDAC3 protein and mRNA levels in placenta were significantly lower in severe and mild groups than in control group（P<0.05）． （3）The quantitative expression of HDAC3 protein in placenta was negatively correlated with serum TNF-α，TBA，ALT and AST levels. Conclusion：The low expression of HDAC3 may be associated with the pathogenesis of ICP and liver function damage.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the embryo tolerance of endotoxin and the solution to embryo contamination by discussing the effect of endotoxin and escherichia coli reproduction on the development of mouse embryos in vitro. Methods：Totally 150 mouse 2-cell embryos were randomly assigned into five groups，named groups A to E. A was control group；endotoxin was added to microdroplet of groups B and C at 0.25 EU/ml，0.5E U/ml；groups D and E were polluted by escherichia coli while culture media of group E was re－placed after 24 h. To evaluate the quality of embryos，the development of embryos on the first day（D2） and the third day（D4）in dif－ferent groups was observed. Results：The development rate and blastocyst rate were 100% in control group as well as in groups B and C without significant differences. On D2，the survival rates were not significantly different between groups D and E（P>0.05），but on D4，the blastocyst rate in group E was significantly higher than that in group D. Conclusion：Bacteria breeding exerts greater toxic ef－fect on embryo development than endotoxin. Stopping contamination in time can improve the result of embryo development. Low dose of endotoxin has no effect on mouse embryos in vitro.

Abstract:Objectives：To investigate the applicability of real-time PCR in detecting Y chromosome micro-deletions and the incidence of Y chromosome micro-deletions in male infertility due to azoospermia and oligozoospermia. Methods：The specimens，respectively derived from 6 patients with Y chromosome micro-deletions，4 female cases and 4 normal fertile men，were gathered and detected by real-time PCR and multiplex PCR-electrophoresis for Y chromosome azoospermia factor（AZF） AZFa，AZFb，AZFc. Then peripheral blood of 452 male infertile patients were collected，and sequence tagged sites（STSs） of micro-deletions in Y chromosome AZF were detected using real-time PCR. Results：The detection results from the two methods described above respectively，for six consensus STSs of 14 samples，were wholly consistent. In 452 patients with male infertility，including 96 patients with oligo-asthenospermia，9 patients with severe oligozoospermia，69 patients with azoospermia，3 patients with teratospermia and 275 patients with other male in－fertility，eight AZFc region deletions，one AZFb region deletion and two AZFbc region deletions were all found by real time PCR. The positive rate of Y chromosome micro-deletions was respectively 5.21%，11.1% and 7.25% in oligo-asthenospermia，severe oligo－zoospermia and azoospermia，while in other two groups no micro-deletion was detected. Conclusion：Real-time PCR，used to de－tect Y chromosome micro-deletions，has the same results with that of the classical multiplex PCR-electrophoresis，and the test results are consistent with the corresponding clinical diagnosis，therefore real-time PCR is suitable for clinical laboratory screening for Y chromosome micro-deletions.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the individual reference intervals of total testosterone（TT），free testosterone（FT），free androgen in－dex（FAI） and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate（DHEAS） of healthy reproductive-age women in Chongqing. Methods：Totally 121 healthy reproductive-age women were enrolled，and serum TT，DHEAS，SHBG were measured，then FT and FAI were calculated.The （x±1.96 s） was calculated as the reference intervals of TT，cFT，DHEAS，and the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated as the reference intervals of FAI. Results：（1）TT，cFT and DHEAS were in normal distribution，with levels of （0.46±0.16） ng/ml，（5.92±2.80） pg/ml，（222.81±86.82） μg/dl，respectively. However，FAI was in skewed distribution with the median and interquartile spacing of 2.60%（1.87-3.56）%. （2）The 95% individual reference intervals of TT，cFT，FAI and DHEAS were （0.15-0.77） ng/ml，（0.43-11.40） pg/ml，（0.90-9.34）%，（52.64-392.98） μg/dl，respectively. Conclusion：The individual reference intervals of TT，cFT，FAI and DHEAS of healthy reproductive-age women in Chongqing are preliminarily established.

Abstract:Objective：To explore whether exist sexual risk compensation in the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trial among men who have sex with men（MSM）. Methods：Totally 108 MSM were recruited with non-probability sampling method，and randomly divided into treatment group（n=77） and blank control group（n=31）. Clinical follow-up and questionnaire were carried at 12th，24th，36th，48th week；the socio-demographic characteristics and the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and behavior were collected according to the ques－tionnaire. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the sexual risk compensation in the PrEP and the associated factors. Results：During MSM participated in the PrEP clinical trial，the median number of sexual partners of the treatment group at the 12th，24th，36th，48th week was 1（0，6），1（0，6），1（0，10），1（0，3），1（0，3），respectively，and the median number of high-risk sexual behavior was 1（0，26），1.5（0，8），1（0，12），1（0，9），2（0，30），respectively. On the other hand，the median number of sexual partners of blank control group was 1（0，21），1（0，2），1（0，3），1（0，3），1（0，3），respectively，and the median number of high-risk sexual behavior was 1（0，9），1（0，6），0.5（0，15），0（0，10），1（0，10），respectively. Multiariable analysis found that the number of the sexual partners and the number of high-risk sexual behavior were not changed in the PrEP trial（Z=-0.24，P=0.811；Z=0.28，P=0.779）；“1” and “0.5” style sexual behavior MSM had more sex partners compared with that of “0” type MSM（Z=2.47，P=0.014；Z=2.24，P=0.025）. MSM who ever had a commercial sexual behavior had fewer sexual partner and fewer high-risk sexual behavior（Z=2.82，P=0.005；Z=2.28，P=0.023）. Conclusion：There is no evidence of the sexual risk compensation in the PrEP clinical trial among MSM. “1” style and “0.5” style MSM seem to have more sexual partners，who may be the important population during the late follow-up management. We need to strengthen the promotion of the HIV/AIDS related knowledge.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety CZF in the treatment of chronic cervicitis. Methods：Databases of Medline，Embase，Pubmed，Chinese biomedical literature database（CBM），VIP，CNKI and Wangfang digital journals（WF） were searched for randomized controlled trials（RCTs） or comparative study of CZF in the treatment of chronic cervicitis. Quality of enrolled literature was assessed and software of RevMan 5.2 was employed to conduct Meta-analysis. Results：A total of 9 RCTs were included，including 4 336 patients（treatment group：2 890 patients，control group：1 446 patients）. Meta-analysis results suggested that the treatment group had a higher total effective rate（RR=1.08，95%CI=1.04 to 1.13，P=0.000） than control group. Against a specific classification of chronic cervicitis，the treatment group and control group had no significant difference in the treatment of mild chronic cervicitis（RR=1.00，95%CI=0.99 to 1.02，P=0.72），but the treatment group had a higher effective rate in the treatment of moderate chronic cervicitis（RR=1.07，95%CI=1.01 to 1.14，P=0.02）and severe chronic cervicitis（RR=1.24，95%CI=1.09 to 1.42，P=0.001） than control group. Moreover，cases having less vaginal drainage（RR=0.25，95%CI=0.11 to 0.56，P=0.000），vaginal bleeding（RR=0.14，95%CI=0.08 to 0.25，P=0.000），scabby（RR=0.01，95%CI=0.00 to 0.07，P=0.000） and scarring（RR=0.01，95%CI=0.00 to 0.02，P=0.000） were fewer in treatment group than in control group. Conclusion：CZF for chronic cervicitis is more effective than microwave therapy instrument and it can reduce adverse reac－tions and sequelae.

Abstract:Angular pregnancy is one of the diseases caused by embryo embedment at abnormal site. It is rare that the embryo could keep on living till the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Uterine atony and placenta increta might occur in most cases and induce severe postpartum hemorrhage，no matter vaginal delivery or cesarean section. The report presented 2 cases of angular pregnancy at late stage，which was found during cesarean section. Surgical management and outcomes were compared and analyzed. Related literature at home and abroad were also reviewed. It is of great importance to seriously conclude the successful experience and draw the lessons to make progress in dealing with such disease.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of chronic particulate matter 2.5（PM2.5） exposure on major organs in Sprague Dawley（SD） rats through establishing long term PM2.5 exposure model of SD rats. Methods：Forty male SD rats（80-94 g，28 days old） were ran－domly assigned to three groups：ten in saline control group，fifteen in low dose group[2 μg/100（g·d）] and fifteen in high dose group[16 μg/100（g·d）]，and instilled with 0.9% saline or PM2.5 respectively every day for sustaining 60 days. At 24 h after the last exposure，the rats were sacrificed and the lungs，heart，liver，spleen and kidney were removed for gross observation and pathological examination. Results：Compared with those of normal group，the weight of PM2.5 exposure group was obviously reduced，especially the appearance of the lungs was significantly changed，the organization structure of lung and heart was damaged with obvious inflammatory reaction. The liver，spleen and kidney also had inflammation. Conclusion：Long exposure of automobile exhaust source PM2.5 can cause inflam－mation lesions in rats’ lung，heart，liver，spleen，kidney，and the damage of lung and heart is much more serious.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the optimal concentration of hepatocyte growth factor（HGF） and the mechanism of marrow stem cells（BMSCs） differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells（LECs） by HGF synergizeing with vascular endothelial growth factor C（VEGF-C）. Methods：BMSCs were isolated and cultured. Flow cytometry（FCM） was used to detect the relative surface antigen of rat BMSCs and the ability of multipotent differentiation was identified. The 3th generation of rat BMSCs were used in the experiment and were di－vided into 6 synergizeing groups including 50 ng/ml VEGF-C synergizeing with 10，20，40，60，80，100 ng/ml HGF and 50 ng/ml VEGF-C inducing group，50 ng/ml HGF induing group，blank control inducing group were established. After 10 d inducing，lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1（LYVE-1） and prospero home－obox protein 1（Prox1），the cell makers of LECs were detected using real-time PCR. Prox1 and LYVE-1 in blank control group，VEGF-C inducing group and HGF inducing group after10d in－ducing were detected by using Western blot and real-time PCR. Expression of integrinα9 in blank control group，VEGF-C in－ducing group and HGF synergizeing with VEGF-C group was detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. Results：Purifica－tion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was successfully isolated and cultured. The expressions of LYVE-1 and Prox1 were the highest（PProx1=0.000，PLYVE-1=0.000） in 80 ng/ml HGF synergizeing with VEGF-C group. Meanwhile，LECs markers were not detect－ed in HGF inducing group.Higher expression of integrinα9 was observed in HGF synergizeing with VEGF-C group than in VEGF-C inducing group（PWestern blot=0.001，Preal-time PCR=0.000）. Conclusion：HGF synergizeing with VEGF-C can better enable rat BMSCs differen－tiate into LECs when the concentration of HGF is 80 ng/ml，but HGF alone could not induce rat BMSCs differentiate into LECs at this concentration. HGF can up-regulate integrinα9 expression indirectly in the process of differentiation，indicating that HGF may promote the differentiation through up-regulating integrinα9 expression indirectly.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the radiosensitive effect of GO-201 on lung cancer cell line A549 cultured in vitro. Methods：MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rate；the radiosensitive effect was detected by clone formation test. Cell survival cure was fitted by multitarget one-hit model and Dq，D0，SF2，sensitizing enhancing ratio（SER） was calculated. Additionally，flowcytometry and Western blot were also conducted to observe the influence of GO-201 and radiation on cell reactive oxygen species and the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase（MnSOD） protein. Results：GO-201 could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cell（IC50 value were 30.79 ?滋mol/L，23.32 ?滋mol/L，13.60 ?滋mol/L after 24，48，72 h） and enhance radiosensitivity of A549 cells；the SER was 1.14. Reactive oxygen level of A549 cell was increased（F=12.019，P=0.008） and the expression of MnSOD protein was decreased（F=5.465，P=0.048） in combination group than in control group. Conclusion：Inhibiting MUC1 cytoplasmic domain can improve the radiosensi-tivity of lung cancer cell.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the potential association of tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 3（TNFAIP3） gene poly－morphisms and the susceptibility of allergic rhinitis（AR） in the Chinese population. Methods：Four single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of TNFAIP3 were genotyped in 430 AR patients and 480 health controls using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction frag－ment length polymorphism assay（PCR-RFLP）. Results：Prevalences of the rs9494885 TT genotype（PC=7.51×10-12） and T allele（PC=3.79×10-12）were found significantly increased in patients with AR. An conspicuous decreasing prevalence of the CT genotype（PC=3.30×10-11） and C allele（PC=3.79×10-12）was shown in patients with AR. In addition，the CACA haplotypes（PC=3.29×10-10） were decreased in patients，whereas TCCA haplotypes（PC=2.18×10-3） were increased. Conclusion：One novel SNPs of TNFAIP3 gene，rs9494885 is associated with susceptibility of AR.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the role of the silent information regulator 3（SIRT3） in the transdifferentiation process of mouse’s glomerular mesangial cells（MC53） caused by high levels of uric acid. Methods：The MC53 cells were cultured in media containing different concentrations of uric acid（0.05，0.1，0.3 mmol/L） for 48 h. The intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS） level was deter－mined with fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT3，α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA），transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1），fibronectin（FN） were evaluated through real-time PCR and Western blot. The effect of SIRT3 on oxidative stress and cell transdifferentiation was assessed by transfection of siSIRT3 into MC53 cells. Results：UA increased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximal stimulation at 0.3 mmol/L. UA stimulated the down regulation of SIRT3 and upregulation of the α-SMA，TGF-β1 and FN mRNA and proteins in a concentration manner. The ROS level and the expression of α-SMA，TGF-β1，FN proteins were elevated in cells transfected with siSIRT3 after incubation with uric acid. Conclusion：High concentration of uric acid can induce MC53 cells transdifferentiation，SIRT3 may play an important role in cell trans－differentiation.

Abstract:Objective：To study the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence of catalase liposome（CALP） in SD rats. Methods：The CALP was prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method and the entrapment efficiency，size and zeta potential of CALP were detected. Twelve male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups. The activity of catalase was assayed after respectively intravenous inject－ing CALP and free catalase（CAT） in two groups. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software DAS 2.1.1，then the bioequivalenee was judged. Results：The entrapment efficiency of CALP was （53.72±1.67）%. The average particle size was （405.40 ± 21.89） nm，and zeta potential was （-15.7±3.22） mV. AUC0-t of CALP and CAT were （203.22±11.75） U（ml·h） and （50.92± 3.51） U（ml·h），Cmax of CALP and CAT were （70.79±1.33） U/ml and （51.48 ± 2.78） U/ml. Tmax of CALP and CAT were （0.58± 0.14） h and （0.17±0.00） h. The 90% confidential intervals of AUC0-t，AUC0-∞ and Cmax of tested formulation were 133.8%-140.1%，132.3%-146.7%，104.7%-107.5%，respectively. Based on analysis of variance and two-sided t-test，lnAUC and lnCmax differed statisti－cally（P<0.05），while Tmax did not differ statistically（P >0.05） between CALP and CAT. The relative bioavailability of CALP was （399.1±23.1）%. Conclusion：CALP improves the bioavailability of catalase. CALP and CAT are not bioequivalent.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on titanium（Ti） particle-induced osteoclast formation. Methods：Bone marrow cells were collected from the femur and tibiae of 4-6 week-old BALB/C mice and were divided in－to three groups：①control group；②receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand（RANKL） treated group；③Ti particle and RANKL treated group. The numbers of osteoclasts were measured by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase（TRAP） staining. The expression and phosphorylation level of p38 protein were determined by Western blot. Then an adenovirus-mediated RNA interference targeting p38 was employed to knock down the expression of p38 and the numbers of osteoclasts were determined by TRAP staining；the ex－pression of osteoclast specific gene RANK was detected using Western blot. Results：TRAP staining showed that the numbers of os－teoclasts were significantly higher in Ti particle treated group than in control group with the same concentration of RANKL（blank group：2.0±0.8，RANKL group：62.8±5.6，Ti particle +RANKL group：93.0±8.8，F=235.193，P=0.000）（RANKL group vs. blank group，P=0.000；Ti particle+RANKL group vs. RANKL group，P=0.000）. The relative phosphorylation level of p38 was significantly improved in Ti particle and RANKL treated group compared with that in control group and RANKL treated group（blank group：0.29±0.05，RANKL group：0.64±0.05，Ti particle+RANKL group：0.87±0.05，F=106.491，P=0.000）（Ti particle+RANKL group vs. blank group and RANKL group，P1=0.000，P2=0.001）. After being treated with adenovirus-mediated p38 siRNA（Ad-sip38），the number of osteo－clasts and the protein level of RANK were remarkably decreased（TRAP positive cells：control group：99.8±13.5，Ad-RFP group：95.8±7.1，Ad-sip38 group：3.8±2.5）（control group vs. Ad-RFP group，P=0.541；Ad-sip38 group vs. control group and Ad-RFP group，P1=0.000，P2=0.000）. Conclusion：p38 MAPK plays an impor－tant role in the osteoclast formation induced by Ti particle.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the incidence of pulmonary infection between minimally invasive surgery and traditional thoracotomy for the esophagus cancer，and to provide theoretical basis for reducing the infection rate after esophagus surgery. Methods：Totally 272 patients admitted to our hospital from February of 2012 to April 2014，who were going to receive esophagus surgery，were randomly divided into two groups：traditional thoracotomy group（134 patients） and minimally invasive group（138 patients）. Pulmonary infection of the patients in hospital and at 48 h after discharge was observed. Results：Totally 47 patients were infected；the infection rates were 16.42%（22/134） in traditional thoracotomy group，and 18.11%（25/138） in minimally invasive group，without significant differences between two groups（P<0.05）. Most of bacteria were acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infection rate within elder patients（≥60 years old） was much higher than that of younger patients（<60 years old）（P<0.05）.There were statistic differences in infection rate of between operation time longer than 5 h group and operation time shorter than 5 h group（P<0.05）. For the patients in two groups，incidence of three operative incisions was higher than that of two operative incisions（P<0.05）. The mortality of the pulmonary infection was not difference between traditional thoracotomy group and minimally invasive surgery group（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Pulmonary infection is not associated with the minimally invasive surgery and traditional thoracotomy in esophagus cancer. In order to reduce the pulmonary infection，we should improve the management during perioperative period and deal with the potential factors which can induce the infection.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the clinical results of using Casein phosphopeptide-amorphic calcium phosphate（CPP-ACP） for preventing enamel demineralization in the fixed orthodontic process. Methods：Totally 60 volunteers who were undergoing fixed or－thodontics in this study were randomly divided into 3 groups，20 volunteers in each group. Group A was control group and received routine dental health care. Group B appended fluoride foam based on group A while receiving routine dental health care. Group C appended CPP-ACP based on group A. From the start of treatments，their occlusion pictures were taken per month，totally 13 times a year. The clinical test index was calculated to see whether new plaque or caries appeared on the tooth surfaces，meanwhile the enamel demineralization index（EDI） was calculated. The SPSS 18.0 pack program was used for statistical analysis. Rank sum test was used to determine the numerical variable data; categorical data were determined by using the chi-square test. Results：（1）From the change of enamel demineralization in 3 groups，the EDI was increasing as time went on（ ?字2A＝259.615，P＝0.000， ?字2B=190.416，P=0.000， ?字2C=207.512，P=0.000）；（2）There were statistical differences in EDI among three groups. EDI was higher in groups A，C than in group B，while there was no statistical significance between group A and group C. Conclusion：The EDI and enamel demineralization dam－age degree has a positive correlation with the time spent in fixed appliance. Fluoride foam treatment can reduce EDI in patients with orthodontics. CPP-ACP is the effective and safety way to prevent enamel demineralization among volunteers.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the apparent diffusion coefficient（ADC） in dignosis of central gland prostate cancer and its corre－lation with Gleason score. Methods：The conventional MRI and DWI data of 20 cases of central gland prostate cancer and 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH） were retrospectively analyzed. ADC between two groups were compared. ROC curves was used to evaluate the efficacy of ADC in diagnosing central gland prostate cancer. According to the results of Gleason score，the lesions were divided into 3 groups：low-risk group≤6 score，intermediate-risk group=7 score and high-risk group≥8 score. ADC between groups were compared and Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between Gleason score and ADC. Results：There were statistically differences in ADC between central gland prostate cancer group and benign prostatic hyperplasia group（t=-4.361，P=0.000）. When the cutoff value was 1.158×10-3 mm2/s，the area under the ROC curve was 0.823. The diagnostic sensitivity，specificity was 80.8% and 80.0%. There were statistical differences in ADC among three groups in central gland prostate cancer（F=5.193，P=0.014）. There were statistical differences in ADC between low-risk group and intermediate-risk group，low-risk group and high-risk group（P=0.008，P=0.021）. There was no difference between the intermediate-risk and high-risk group in ADC（P=0.869），while there were statistical differences between low-risk and high-risk group in ADC（t=3.286，P=0.003）. Central gland prostate cancer showed negative correlation with Gleason score（r=-0.469，P=0.016）. Conclusion：ADC values have certain value in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the central gland. ADC and central gland cancer Gleason score are negatively correlated. ADC may reflect the degree of differentiation of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） performance of spina bifida occulta（SBO） and lower extremity dysfunction in patients combined with spina bifida neurological scale score（SBNS），and to investigate the relationship between lumbosacral MRI performance of SBO and lower extremity dysfunction. Methods：The lumbosacral MRI was performed on 106 children with spina bifida occulta and lower extremity dysfunction. SBNS scale was used to evaluate the relationship between lum－bosacral MRI performance of SBO and lower extremity dysfunction. Results：The lower limb dysfunction manifested as mild motor dys－function and foot deformity according to simple lumbosacral MRI manifestation. The lower limb dysfunction manifested as severe mo－tor dysfunction and foot deformity according to complex lumbosacral MRI manifestation. There were statistical differences in SBNS score between simple MRI manifestation and complex MRI manifestation（t=4.548，P=0.023）. Conclusion：MRI is valuable in the di－agnosis of the SBO and associated malformations.The more serious the lower extremity dysfunction，the lower the SBNS score；the more complex the MRI manifestation，the more serious the spinal cord deformity. SBNS scale in meaningful in the evaluation of SBO and lower limb dysfunction.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the cause of iatrogenic injuries during the laparoscopic procedures for patients with radical gastrec－tomy. Methods：Totally 113 laparoscopic surgery videos for radical gastrectomy were reviewed，which had been performed from Jan－uary 2012 to September 2013. Eleven iatrogenic injuries were revealed and related clinical data were analyzed further. Results：Among 11 iatrogenic injuries，1 patient had mesocolon injury，4 patients had spleen injuries，6 patients had blood vessels injuries including 1 patient with proper hepatic artery injury，1 patient with portal vein injury，2 patients with splenic vein injury，1 patient with short gas－tric artery injury，1 patient with upper pole splenic artery injury. All injuries above were caused by unclear dissection and lack of co－operation in operation. Conclusion：The main causes of iatrogenic injuries in laparoscopic surgery for radical gastrecotmy are unclear dissection and poor cooperation among surgeons.

Abstract:Objective：To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of a new WHO subtype spindle cell/sclerosing type rhab－domyosarcoma. Methods：The clinicohistological and immunohistochemical features of 9 cases of spindle cell/sclerosing type rhab－domyosarcoma were studied and the literature was reviewed. Results：Spindle cell and sclerosing type rhabdomyosarcoma may exist independently or mix together. Spindle cell areas arranged in swirled pattern with strong expression of Desmin，MyoD1，Myogenin and CD56 and sometimes weak expression of CD34，S-100，SMA. Sclerosing type areas showed small round or spindle cells arranging in different patterns with prominent sclerosing matrix；nuclear fission count and KI-67 positive indexes of sclerosing type areas were higher than those of spindle cell areas. Superficial spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma had favoured prognosis，while sclerosing type tended to relapse or metastasis；nuclear fission count and KI-67 indexes were helpful for prognosis. Conclusion：Spindle cell and sclerosing type rhabdomyosarcoma may exist together and express specific rhabdomyosarcoma markers；sclerosis may indicate aggressive behav－ior and worse prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with bloody pleural effusion. Methods：The clinical data of 21 children with bloody pleural effusion from June 2004 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed，including clinical manifestations，auxiliary examination（B ultrasound，CT，pleural effusion and bone marrow examination） and the treatments. Results：Among 21 cases，8 cases are caused by bacterial infection，7 caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae infection，3 caused by lung trematode infection，1 caused by tuberculosis infection，1 caused by acute leukemia，and 1 caused by unknown aetiology. There were 2 positive cases in the pleural effusion bacterial culture. The eosinophils of 3 cases were very high （37%~61%），and the mycoplasma PCR of 4 cases were positive in the pleural effusion check. One acute leukemia case was confirmed by bone marrow check. All cases were cured except the acute leukemia case and the case caused by unknown aetiology. Conclusion：Most cases of bloody pleural effusion are caused by in－fection，mainly bacteria infection and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effect of peer education on patients with stroke. Methods：Totally 80 hospitalized stroke patients in department of neurology were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group，each with 40 cases. The observa－tion group received peer education and the control group received routine health education. The effect was evaluated after 6 months. Results：The observation group showed significantly greater improvement in the knowledge level，physiological function，physical role，vitality，body pain，general health and emotional function after the intervention（P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.000，P=0.020，P=0.000，P=0.001，P=0.002）. The knowledge level and health status in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group（P=0.001，P=0.023，P=0.004，P=0.020，P=0.042，P=0.021，P=0.023）. Conclusion：Peer education is beneficial to promoting the knowl－edge level of patients with stroke and improving their quality of lives. It is an effective and feasible health education form.