Abstract:MUC1 is a heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein formed by two subunits（N terminal and C terminal）. MUC1 is aber－rantly overexpressed in the epithelium originated tumor and is closely related to tumor development. MUC1-N interacts with ICAM-1，E-selectin and Galectin-3 and mediates signal transduction through MUC1-C；MUC1-C interacts with ErbB and other receptor tyro－sine kinases and engages in the PI3K→AKT，MAP，NF-κB，Wnt，STAT，P53 and Erα pathways，resulting in tumor proliferation，inva－sion and migration and chemoresistance. We review the role of MUC1-N and MUC1-C in interacting with other molecules and acti－vating signaling pathways. Finally，we review the clinical trials of the therapies of MUC1-N monoclonal antibodies，MUC1-C small molecule peptides and MUC1 vaccines.

Abstract:Objective：To construct pichia pastoris GS115 expression system of 15 kD recombinant human augmenter of liver regener－ation（rhALR），and to explore its effects on human hepatoma cell line QGY treated with cisplatin（DDP）. Methods：With polymerase chain reaction（PCR），and gene recombination techniques，cDNA of rhALR was obtained from recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-rhALR and inserted into plasmid pPICZαA. The recombinant plasmid pPICZαA-rhALR demonstrated by sequencing was linearized by di－gestion with SacⅠ，and transformed into GS115 with electroporation. The rhALR expression was secreted by GS115 under the induction of 10 mL/L methanol，and purified through Nickel column affinity chromatography after it was analyzed by Western blot（ALR poly－clonal antibody and His-tag mouse monoclonal antibody）. The effects of rhALR on in vitro proliferation of QGY and HepG2 cells，as well as its effects on reducing cellular proliferation inhibiton rate induced by DDP，were evaluated by MTS reagent. The anti-apoptosis effects of rhALR on QGY cells apoptosis induced by DDP were detected by flow cytometry. Results：The recombinant plasmid pPICZα－A-rhALR was identified by PCR，restriction enzyme reaction methods and direct sequencing respectively. RhALR as a secretory pro－tein was successfully expressed by GS115；with molecular weight about 17 kD，it accounts for 70% of the total protein in the super－natant from pPICZαA-rhALR GS115. The results of Western blot all showed the specific single band. The high qualitative rhALR pu－rified through Nickel column affinity chromatography could stimulate in vitro proliferation of human hepatoma cell lines（HepG2 and QGY） in a dose-dependent manner（F=246.729，P=0.000；F=246.004，P=0.000），reduce cellular proliferation in－hibition rate and play anti-apoptosis effect also in a dose-de－pendent manner when QGY cells treated with DDP（F=101.061，P=0.000）. Conclusion：The rhALR as a secretory protein is expressed in GS115 efficiently and purified through Nickel column affinity chromatography successfully. The rhALR exerts anti-apoptosis effects on QGY cells treated with DDP in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.

Abstract:Objectives：To detect the influence of hepatocellular carcinoma cells micro-environment on the gene expression profiles in immature dendritic cells （imDCs）. Methods：CD 14+ monocytes were collected by immunomagnetic beads from fresh harvested whole blood via negative selection. ImDCs were obtained by recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor（rhGM-CSF） and recombinant human inerleukins-4（rhIL-4） induction for 5 d in vitro. The collected imDCs were co-cultured with hep－atoma cells Bel 7402. After 48 h，total RNA of the cells was collected，and human dendritic cells gene array was used to detect and analyze the changes of functional genes in imDCs. Results：After co-cultured with hepatoma cells，a total of 1 531 genes were changed（fold changes≥ 2 compared with that of control group），of which 598 up-regulated and 933 down-regulated. These genes were involved in signal transduction，immune response，cell adhesion，etc. Conclusion：The micro-environment of hepatocellular carcinoma can affect many genes regulation and expression of imDCs. These genes have influence on the differentiation，maturation and functions of imDCs. It is of significance to further understand the molecular mechanism of the hepatoma cells’ influence on the immune func－tion of imDCs．

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols（TP） on epirubicin（EPI）-induced cell proliferation and cell apopto－sis of human bladder cancer cells T24 in vitro and its mechanism. Methods：MTT assay was applied to investigate the effects of differ－ent levels of tea polyphenols or epirubicin on the T24 cells. The experiment was divided into 4 groups：control group（PBS），TP group（88.8 μmol/L），EPI group（4.6 μmol/L），and TP（88.8 μmol/L） plus EPI（4.6 μmol/L） group. The proliferation inhibition rate was as－sayed by MTT；Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis. The ultra-structural cellular changes were observed by transmission electron microscope（TEM）；The formation of MAP1LC3-Ⅱ puncta was examined after transfection of a GFP-LC3 plasmid. The levels of LC-3-Ⅱ，P62，CASP3，PARP proteins were detected by Western blot，respectively. Results：Treatment with TP（88.8 μmol/L） and EPI（4.6 μmol/L） leaded to a significant increase of inhibiting rate（P=0.000） and a dramatic improvement in apoptotic changes compared to single EPI or TP group（P=0.000）. Autophagy was observed obviously in bladder cancer cells T24 treated with EPI after 8 h. TEM examination revealed the appear－ance of autophagosome with double-membrane structure. Im－munofluorescence showed that EPI strongly augmented the number of cells with increased GFP-LC3 puncta and GFP-LC3 puncta formation within the cell. Western blot showed the ex－pression of LC-3-Ⅱ was increased in T24 cells after treated with EPI，while the expression of P62 was decreased. TP com－bined with EPI and single groups both induced the expression of active apoptosis proteins，and the effect was more obvious in TP plus EPI group. Conclusion：TP combined with EPI can synergisti－cally inhibit the proliferation and promote cell apoptosis，which may be associated with the reduction of EPI-induced autophagy by TP.

Abstract:Objective：To establish the cell model of energy metabolism reprogramming（EMR） of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts（CAF） induced by hypoxia and to lay a firm foundation for subsequently exploring its molecular mechanism and biological functions. Methods：Based on the O2 concentration，paired immortalized normal fibroblasts（NF） and CAF derived from the same breast cancer patient were divided into hypoxic group and normoxic group. NF/CAF were treated with different O2 concentrations for 0，1，3，6，12 and 24 h. The glycolysis activity of NF and CAF was tested by the glucose consumption assay and the lactate generation assay；the oxidative phosphorylation activity of NF and CAF was detected by the mitochondrial activity assay；the protein expression levels of MCT4，COX Ⅳ and HIF1α were determined by Western blot；the data were analyzed with the SPSS 17.0 software. Results：There was dose-effect and time-effect between hypoxic levels and the EMR degree of CAF. 1%[O2] for 24 h was optimum for inducing the EMR of CAF. Hypoxic treatment increased the glycolysis activity，suppressed the oxidative phosphorylation levels，in－creased the protein expression of MCT4 and HIF1α 2 times or 3.9 times respectively，and decreased the protein expression of COX Ⅳ by 10% in CAF compared with NF. Conclusion：Hypoxic treatment（1%[O2] for 24 h） maked CAF have a typical EMR pheno－type. It is successfully established that the cell model of the EMR of breast cancer-derived CAF induced by hypoxia（1%[O2] for 24 h）.

Abstract:Objectives：To investigate the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase（PI3K） /protein kinaseB（AKT） signal pathway on cell proliferation and differentiation in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH. Methods：Logarithimic phase SK-N-SH cells were subcultured into 96-well plates. The cells in 96-well plates were divided into inhibitor LY294002 group（A），agonist IGF-1 group（B），DMSO group（C），ddH2O group（D），blank group（E） and serum group（F）. After 24 h，different concentrations of inhibitor LY294002 were added into group A and the final concentrations were 20，40，50，60，100 ?滋mol/L，respectively. Group B was continued to be cultured with serum-free DMEM for 12 h，then treated with different concentrations（25，50，100，150，200 ng/ml） of agonist IGF-1（which final concentra－tions were 25，50，100，150，200 ng/ml）. The negative control group was added with DMSO or ddH2O with the same concentration of LY294002 or IGF-1. The blank group was only added with medium（100 ?滋l/well）. All cells were cultured in appropriate media at 37 ℃ in humidified，5%CO2 incubator. The effects of specific inhibitors LY294002 and PI3K/AKT agonist IGF-1 on cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay. Morphological changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. mRNA expression of TrkA in SK-N-SH cells were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（FQ-PCR）. Results：①MTT assay showed that the growth of SK-N-SH cells was dramatically inhibited by LY294002. Cell proliferation ability in LY294002 group（0.39±0.17） was lower than that in negative control DMSO group（0.78±0.21）（F=3.395，P=0.018）. The growth of SK-N-SH cells was promoted by insulin-like growth factors-1（IGF-1）. Cell proliferation ability in IGF-1 group（0.72±0.14） was higher than that in blank ddH2O group（0.43±0.08）（F=9.480，P=0.004）. ②There was no significant difference in cell differentiation morphology change between LY294002 group and IGF-1 group by microscope observations. ③FQ-PCR results showed that the expression of TrkA mRNA in LY294002 group（0.78±0.05） was lower than that in negative control group（1.56±0.02） and blank group（1.66±0.15）（F=81.89，P=0.000）. There were no statistical difference in the TrkA mRNA expression between negative control group and blank group（P=0.224）. And there were no statistical difference in the TrkA mRNA expression among IGF-1 group，ddH2O negative control group and blank group（F=0.27，P=0.770）. Conclusion：PI3K/AKT signal pathway may be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. These findings propose the key gene of PI3K/AKT pathway as an expected molecular target for the therapy of human neuroblastoma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the biological effects of TPM3 in rat pancreatic cancer cells and related molecular mechanisms during tumorigenesis. Methods：（1）Totally 70 SD rat were randomly divided into three groups：operation group（n=40，DMBA was di－rectly implanted into the pancreatic parenchyma），sham operation group（n=15，the pancreatic parenchyma was dissected，but no DMBA was implanted），blank control group（n=15，received no treatment）. An animal model with pathological characteristics of human pan－creatic cancer was established. （2）TPM3 was verified by immunohistochemistry. （3）Combination of mechanical separation and en－zyme digestion and separation was used to get the rat pancreatic cancer cells，and then the expression of TPM3 in rat pancreatic can－cer cells was knocked down by transfecting TMP3-siRNA into cancer cells. Expression of TPM3 was confirmed by RT-PCR. （4）Tran－swell membrane assays were used to examine migration and invasion potentials. Colony formation assay was used to test cell growth capacity. Results：（1）37.83%（14/37） rats in model groups generated pancreatic carcinoma with pathologically verification. （2）The in－creased level of TPM3 protein in rat pancreatic cancer was further confirmed by immunohistochemical（92.8%）. （3）RT-PCR result showed that，compared with other groups（liposome group（0.45±0.02），negative control group（0.45±0.02），blank control group（0.43±0.02）），the ratios of relative TPM3 expression in inter－ference group were significantly reduced（0.31±0.02）（P<0.05）. （4）Silencing of TPM3 leaded to significantly inhibited capaci－ties of invasion（161.63±4.94 and 39.7±1.40 respectively） and migration （206.87±4.21 and 67.27±1.76 respectively） in rat pancreatic cells，and colony formation of PC cells was suppressed after TPM3 knockdown（51.5±2.327 and 5.9００±0.767 respectively）（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Overexpression of TPM3 will increase poten－tials of invasion or migration of cancer cells during tumorigenesis.

Abstract:Objective：To confirm the treatment of CTP mediated tumor suppressor gene NRPL2 as CTP-NPRL2 fusing protein on hu－man renal carcinoma cell line 786-O，and to detect the apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma and activity of Bax-Caspase3 apoptotic pathway. Methods：Recombinant plasmids pET28a-CTP-NPRL2 and pET28a-NPRL2 were constructed and then transfected into E.coli DH5α，then the prokaryotic expression systems were got to express and collect CTP-NPRL2 fusing protein and NPRL2 protein. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of CTP-NPRL2 and NPRL2. The 786-O cells were divided into 2 groups and co-cul－tured with an equal amount of NPRL2 protein and CTP-NPRL2 protein，respectively. Immunofluorescence staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to detect the subcellular localization of the proteins in 786-O cells. The 786-O cells cultured in 96-well plates were divided into 5 groups，4 groups of all were treated with 1.0 μmol/L CTP-NPRL2 protein，2.0 μmol/L CTP-NPRL2 protein，4.0 μmol/L CTP-NPRL2 protein and 4.0 μmol/L NRPL2 protein. The remaining group was taken as a control group. The pro－liferation of 786-O cells in each group was detected by the MTT assays，the apoptosis and cell cycle in each group were detected by flowcytometry. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in each group at the levels of mRNA and protein，respectively. Results：The plasmid sequencing showed that the prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed successfully. Western blot showed CTP-NPRL2 fusing proteins were expressed in the prokaryotic expression vectors. The results of laser scanning confocal microscope pointed CTP-NPRL2 proteins were localized in the cytoplasm after import－ing into 786-O cells. MTT assay indicated that compared with the other two groups，CTP-NPRL2 group showed a significant decrease in proliferation（P<0.05）. Flowcytometry assay demonstrated that the apoptotic rate and the proportion of the cells at G0/G1 phase were both increased（P<0.05） in CTP-NPRL2 group compared with those of the other two groups. Real-time PCR and Western blot sug－gested that，compared with those of the control group and NPRL2 group，the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 at the mRNA and pro－tein levels in CTP-NPRL2 group were significantly increased（P<0.05）. Conclusion：CTP-NPRL2 fusing proteins could import into renal carcinoma cell 786-O and significantly inhibit their growth，possibly by affecting the activity of Bax-Caspase3 apoptotic path－way，thus play a tumor suppressor role.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expressions of fibronectin（FN） and phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten（PTEN） in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） tissue and its clinical significance. Methods：Totally 215 cases of HCC（paraneoplastic tissues） and 19 cases of normal liver tissues were collected. The expressions of FN and PTEN mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR，Western blot and immunohistochemical SP method respectively. The correlation between the expressions of FN and PTEN and clinicopathologic features of HCC was analyzed. Results：The expressions of FN mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in paraneoplastic and normal liver tissue. The expressions of PTEN were significantly lower than those in paraneoplastic and normal liver tissue（F=142.334，P=0.000）. And the expression in paraneoplastic tissues was obviously lower than that in normal liver tissue（F=80.861，P=0.000）. The survival time of FN positive expression group was shorter than that of negative groups；the survival time of PTEN positive expression group was longer than that of negative group；both had statistical sig－nificances after one year（P<0.05）. Conclusion：FN and PTEN ae abnormally expressed in HCC tissue，which might play a promoting or inhibiting effect in the occurrence，development，invasion and metastasis of HCC.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the cancer signal pathways which prolylisomerase（PIN1） may regulate. Methods：PIN1 overex－pression NP69 cell line was established by using the leti-viral system and the PIN1 expression was proved by q-PCR and Western blot. Then PIN1 regulated cancer signal pathways were analyzed by using cancer 10-pathway reporter assay and Western blot. Results：PIN1 over expression in nasopharyngeal epithelia cell may activate a serial cancer signal pathways including MAPK/JNK signal pathway，NF-κB signal pathway and Myc signal pathway. Comparing with those control group，Western blot results showed NP69-Lenti-PIN1 group had higher quantity expressions in c-Jun，c-Jun Ser63，c-JunSer73 and CyclinD1（t=-7.295，P=0.002）. Conclusion：The over-expression of PIN1 up-regulates CyclinD1 expression，activates the MAPK/JNK pathway，and increases phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63 and Ser73. Therefore PIN1 may contribute to the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effect of cyclopamine on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human esophageal cancer EC109 cells and the possible mechanism. Methods：EC109 cells were cultured in vitro. After adding cyclopamine for 48 h，the expression of Gli1 was tested by real-time PCR，and morphological change of cells was observed by inverted microscope. The transwell chamber assay was used to examine the invasive and metastatic ability of EC109 cells treated with cyclopamine for 48 h. The ability of vascu－larization was observed by the method of vascilogenic mimicry and the ability of adhension was detected by adhension experiment. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of such EMT markers as E-cadherin，β-catenin and vimentin and such transcription factors as Snail，Twist1. Results：The inhibition of hedgehog signaling significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Gli1（41.819±20.150）%，and the invasion[（24.800±2.588） vs. （55.400±4.879）]，migration capacities[（23.200±1.924） vs.（65.400±4.775）] of EC109 cells in vitro were decreased（t=-12.390，P=0.000；t=-18.331，P=0.000）. Homogeneous cells intercellular adhesion was increased（F=9.327，P=0.009），while heterogeneous cells intercellular adhesion was decreased（F=20.459，P=0.000）. Angiogenesis capacity[（2.780±0.424） vs. （5.080±0.634）] was decreased（t=-16.919，P=0.000）. The expression of E-cadherin increased[（0.38８±0.56５） vs. （0.22８±0.582）] significantly（t=3.421，P=0.027），while Vimentin and β-catenin in the cyclopamine treatment group[（0.58８±0.109） vs. （0.507±0.05１）；（0.998±0.128） vs. （0.756±0.03８）] were significantly down-regulated（t=4.221，P=0.013；t=6.781，P=0.002）. Compared to those in control group，the expressions of Snail were significantly reduced in the cyclopamine treatment group[（0.756±0.03８） vs. （0.401±0.02１）]（t=-6.455，P=0.023）. Also，the mRNA expressions of Twist1 were significantly reduced（74.987±9.031）%. Conclusion：The inhibi－tion of hedgehog signaling pathway in vitro can effectually suppress the process of EMT，even reverse this process. The mechanism is partially correlated with the down-regulations of Snail and Twist1.

Abstract:Objective：To systematically review the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia（HRT） for rectal cancer，and to provide the reference for clinical practice and research. Methods：Foreign databases of Cochrane Library，PubMed，EMBASE，Web of Science and Chinese databases of CBM，CNKI，VIP and WanFang were searched with computer and other sources were also retrieved. All relevant randomized controlled trials（RCTs） were collected to compare HRT and radiotherapy alone（RT） for rectal cancer. After literature screening，data extraction and quality evaluation were performed by authors according to the protocal，the meta-analyses were conducted using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results：Eight RCTs were included with 573 patients involved. Meta-analysis showed：①The 2，3，4-year survival rate，complete response rate，total effective rate and symptoms improve rate were higher in HRT group than in RT group，with significant differences（P<0.05）. The RR value and 95%CI were （RR=1.50，95%CI=1.10 to 2.06），（RR=1.77，95%CI=1.06 to 2.98），（RR=1.82，95%CI=1.04 to 3.17），（RR=2.55，95%CI=1.55 to 4.19），（RR=1.62，95%CI=1.34 to 1.96），and（RR=1.18，95%CI=1.03 to 1.34），respectively. ②The incidences of acute toxicity was lower in HRT group than in RT group，without significant difference（P=0.05）. The RR value and 95%CI were （RR=0.72，95%CI=0.51 to 1.00）. Conclusion：Compared with radiotherapy alone，HRT can improve long-term survival rate and short-term curative effect，therefore，it is safe and feasible. However，due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies，more high quality studies with large sample size and long-term follow-up are still needed to verify the above conclu－sion.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the diagnostic value of acoustic structure quantification（ASQ） technique in noninvasive assessment of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent（TIPS） and per－cutaneous transhepatic varices embolization（PTVE）. Methods：Quantitative assessment of 30 normal subjects and 30 patients who underwent TIPS and PTVE for treatment of portal hyper－tension（PHTN）was held by ASQ. The portal vein pressure was measured while placing the TIPS and PTVE. ASQ parameters of the plural，mean，standard deviation，the ratio of blue and red color histogram curve area and the chi-square value were com－pared. The correlation between ASQ parameters of the spleen and the liver and portal venous pressure was analyzed. Results：There were significant differences in portal vein pressure pre and post TIPS and PTVE（P<0.05）. ASQ quantitative parameters were Red Mode，Red Ave，Red SD，FD ratio，Blue Mode，Blue Ave，Blue SD. The values of ASQ quantitative parameters of the spleen were high－er in PHTN pre TIPS and PTVE group than in health control group （P<0.05）. The values of ASQ quantitative parameters of the spleen were higher in PHTN pre TIPS and PTVE group than in post TIPS and PTVE group（P<0.05）. There was no difference in val－ues of ASQ quantitative parameters of the live pre and post TIPS and PTVE （P>0.05）. Significant linear correlation was found be－tween the ASQ quantitative parameters of the spleen and portal vein pressure（r=0.299，0.331，0.451，0.848，0.961，0.318 and 0.881，all P<0.05）. But the ASQ quantitative parameters of liver were not correlated with the portal venous pressure（r=0.194，0.174，0.045，0.169，0.128，0.105 and 0.136，all P>0.05）. There were significant differences in spleen index between healthy subjects and patients with PHTN（P<0.05），as well as between pre and post TIPS and PTVE（P<0.05）. Conclusion：The ASQ quantitative parameters of the spleen could be used as non-invasive method for quantitatively monitoring the change of portal vein pressure pre and post the TIPS and PTVE.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the detection results of DNA in human obsolete bone extracted by modified phenol-chloroform method and amplified with different kits. Methods：DNA in 30 femoral bones were extracted by modified phenol-chloroform method，fluorescent label and multiplex amplification with identifiler-plus kit，minifiler kit and godeneyeTM 20A kit，while the gene loci was detected and analyzed by genetic analyzer software. Results：The DNA gene loci in in human oboslete bone were 469，262，588 re－spectively，which were higher than those of 307，175，436 by traditional method. Conclusion：DNA in human obsolete bone might be extracted and detected effectively by modified phenol chloroform method and multiplex amplification with 3 kits.

Abstract:Objective：To introduce the Chinese version of brief illness perception questionnaire（B-IPQ） and to investigate its psycho－metric attributes in patients with somatoform disorder. Methods：Totally 237 patients with somatoform disorder were chosen to com－plete the Chinese version B-IPQ；item analysis，exploratory factor analysis，internal consistency checking，etc were conducted. At the same time，they were asked to complete the SDS and SAS to test the criterion related validity. Ninety-five of the 237 patients were asked to complete the Chinese version B-IPQ again after 2 weeks to test the test-retest reliability. Results：Item analysis showed that correlation coefficients of each item score and total score were 0.556-0.842；there were significant differences in each item scores and total score between high score group and low score group；the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.831；the test-retest reliability of the scale and each entry were 0.931，0.771-0.849. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the B-IPQ had a single dimension scale char－acteristic. Correlations coefficients with SAS，SDS scores were 0.640，0.616. Conclusion：The Chinese version of B-IPQ has good psy－chometric attributes to assess the illness perception status of patients with somatoform disorder and can be taken as an effective in－strument.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the cortical bone densities of the palatal area using cone beam computed tomography（CBCT）.Methods：CBCT scans of 107 adults（51 men，56 women，20 to 40 years old） were selected and reconstructed. Palatal cortical bone den－sity was measured in Hounsfield units（HU） at 28 sites. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test the intragroup differ－ences of cortical bone density，and the relationship between gender were analyzed by t-test. Results：The maximum value of palatal cortical bone densities was （976.24±138.66） HU，and the minimum value was （460.45±183.33） HU. There were significant differ－ences between the male and female groups in all sites（P＜0.05），except Y0X0，Y8X0，Y8X6，Y12X6，Y20X6，Y20X9，Y24X6 and Y24X9. Palatal cortical bone densities showed a tendency to decrease posteriorly（P=0.000）. The cortical bone densities at locations that 3 mm from the midpalatal suture to lateral side were greater than at midpalatal suture in the anterior palate（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：The distribution of palatal cortical bone densities in adults are obtained by CBCT. These data might provide valuable information for selecting sites to place mini-implants in the palate.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the clinical curative effect of good patient management（GPM） and the changes of patients’ sleep-wake rhythm before and after treatment. Methods：The data of 264 patients who accepted treatment during June 2012 to May 2014 in the Ninth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou city and Henan Province People’s Hospital were collected. They were divided into 2 groups randomly，one group accepted GPM while the other received symptomatic treatment. Degree of pain was scored by numeric rating scale（NRS） respectively before and at one week after GPM or symptomatic treatment. The results were analyzed with statistics. The results of 24-hour sleep monitoring of 30 randomly selected cases were recorded before and after treatment respectively. Then the sleep-wake rhythm based on electroencephalogram，electromyogram and electronystagmogram was analyzed. The total sleep time，the time of light sleep，deep sleep and rapid eye move（REM） sleep were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results：GPM can signifi－cantly relieve pain，reduce the NRS score，prolong total sleep time and REM sleep time，raise the proportion of light sleep and REM sleep in total sleep time，but symptomatic treatment can’t. Conclusion：GPM could relieve cancer pain，prolong sleep time，improve sleep-wake rhythm and sleep quality.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the curative efficacy of tibial tubercle anteromedial transfer，medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and arthroscopic lateral retinaculum release in treating recurrent patella dislocation. Methods：Twenty-eight cases of recurrent patella dislocation were treated by tibial tubercle anteromedial transfer，medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and arthroscopic lateral retinaculum release，and patellar track of all patients were probed under arthroscopy intra-operatively. Patellar CT scanning was used to detect patellofemoral angle，tilt angle and lateral shift；pre-operation and post-operation knee joint function was assessed using Kujala，Lyshoim and Tegner scores. Results：All patients were followed for 18.5 months in average（ranged from 12 to 33 months. Knee joint symptoms improved at the last follow-up.CT scanning showed that patellofemoral angle，tilt angle and lateral shift were respectively reduced from pre-operative（33.85±4.30）°，（12.23±1.78）°，（47.70±2.61）% to post-operative（11.58±1.86）°，（8.35±1.52）°，（8.80±1.63）%，with statistically significant differences（P=0.000）. Kujala，Lysholm and Tegner function scores were improved from pre-operative（57.70±2.93），（56.30±2.53），（3.40±0.94） to post-operative（89.90±2.87），（91.40±2.06），（5.20±1.07），with statistically significant differences（P=0.000）. Conclusion：It is effective to treat recurrent patella dislocation by ways of tibial tubercle anteromedial transfer，medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and arthroscopic lateral retinaculum release. The operation aims to improve the stability of the knee and prevent recurrence，which is conducive to recovering knee function.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy and the adverse effects of ultra-pulse CO2 laser in the treatment of the children’s pyogenic granuloma. Methods：Following the voluntary principle，the 120 patients with pyogenic granuloma were treated by traditional CO2 laser as control group；the 103 patients with pyogenic granuloma were treated by ultra-pulse CO2 laser as treated group. Accord－ing to the voluntary principle，the treatment effect and the adverse effects were evaluated at 1 month，3 months，6 months，12 months postoperatively. Results：The effective rate in the treatment group was 97.1%，while that in the control group was 96.7%，without sig－nificant differences between two groups（P >0.05）. Among 120 cases in the control group，26 cases had adverse effects，including mild scar（14 cases），pigmentation（5 cases），pigment loss（4 cases），and erythema（3 cases）. Among 103 cases in the treatment group，10 cases had adverse effects，including mild scar（3 cases），pigmentation（3 cases），pigment loss（2 cases），and erythema（2 cases）. The incidence of adverse effects between two groups had significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Application of the ultra-pulse CO2 laser in treatment of the pyogenic granuloma has better clinical efficacy，with good safety profile than the traditional treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the necessity of treatment for sudden deafness and the influencing factors for its prognosis. Methods：Totally 498 cases（526 ears） with sudden deafness from February 2011 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The pa－tients were divided into 4 types according to their audiometric curve：type A was acute sensorineural hearing loss（SNHL） in low tone frequencies，type B was acute SNHL in high tone frequencies，type C was acute SNHL in all frequencies（PTA≤80 dB HL） and type D was profound SNHL in all frequencies（PTA≥81 dB HL）. The patients were treated with different regimens based on their hearing types. The therapeutic effect and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results：All patients（526 ears） were recruited and the ratio of male to female was 0.95∶1. The average age was （45.39±15.78） years old. 91 ears were type A（17.30%），74 ears were type B（14.07%），191 ears were type C（36.31%），and 170 ears were type D（32.32%）. The therapeutic effects of different types were analyzed. The ef－fective rate was 70.33% in type A，50.26% in type C，51.76% in type D，and 35.14% in type B. The multivariate logistic analysis showed that age（OR=0.977，95%CI=0.965 to 0.989，P=0.000），the type of audiometric curve（OR=0.977，95%CI=0.180 to 0.748，0.372 to 1.199，0.300 to 0.963，P=0.035），the affected ear side（OR=0.977，95%CI=0.450 to 0.989，0.161 to 0.628，P=0.002），interval from onset to intervention（OR=0.977，95%CI=0.925 to 0.967，P=0.000） were 4 independent risk factors correlated to therapeutic effect of sudden deafness. Conclusion：The curative effect of sudden deafness is closely related to the age，the type of audiometric curve，the affected ear side，interval from onset to intervention，and hypertension. Different types of sudden deafness have different curing effects. The curative effect for the type in low tone frequencies is the best，followed by the type of profound SNHL in all fre－quencies and acute SNHL in all frequencies. The result of the type in high tone frequencies is the poorest. It’s important to treat patients with sudden deafness with differential regimens based on the types of audiometric curves.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the therapeutic effect of StarLuxG and Q-switched double Nd：YAG laser in freckle treatment. Methods：Totally 50 patients with freckles were divided into two groups randomly with 25 patients in each group. They were treated with StarLuxG or Q-switched double Nd：YAG laser with a proper parameter according to the depth of skin pigment. The total effective rate and adverse reaction（temporary pigment）of the two groups were compared by chi-square test. There were statistically significant differences when the P value＜0.05. Results：The total effective rates of group StarLuxG and group Laser were 88% and 92% respec－tively，without significant differences between the two groups（ ?字2=2.569，P ＞0.05）. The adverse effect rates（temporary pigment）of group StarLuxG and group laser were respectively 0% and 24%，with statistical differences between the two groups（ ?字2=6.818，P＜0.05）. No infection and scarring was noted during the 6-12 months follow-up. Conclusion：StarLuxG is an effective，safe and noninvasive way to treat freckle，which doesn’t affect patient’s life or work and doesn’t require any downtime.