Abstract:Objective：To investigate the mechanism of cisplatin-induced hepatitis B virus（HBV） reactivation. Methods：HepAD38 hepatoma cells with stable expression of HBV were divided into phosphate buffered saline（PBS） control group and cisplatin treatment group. The expression of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1（CREB1） and HBV proteins（HBsAg and HBcAg） and the level of HBV replication（HBV DNA and HBV mRNA） were mea－sured. HepAD38 cells with stable knock-down of CREB1（shCREB1） were compared with those with stable expression of HBV，and the level of HBV replication（HBV DNA and HBV mRNA） and protein expression level after cisplatin treatment were measured. Results：As for HepAD38 hepatoma cells with stable expression of HBV，Western blot showed that compared with the PBS control group，the cisplatin treatment group had a relative expression level of CREB1 of 1.355±0.049（P=0.010），a relative expression level of HBsAg protein of 1.679±0.060（P=0.003），and a relative expression level of HBcAg protein of 1.488±0.047（P=0.005）. The results of qRT-PCR showed that com－pared with the PBS control group，the cisplatin treatment group had an absolute expression level of HBV DNA of 249.600±54.400（P=0.006） and a relative expression level of HBV mRNA of 3.084±0.256（P=0.000），suggesting that compared with the PBS control group，the cisplatin treatment group had significantly higher expression levels of HBV proteins and level of HBV replication. In addition，HepAD38 cells transfected with shCREB1 plasmid（shCREB1 cells） and HepAD38 cells transfected with control plasmid with normal CREB1 expression（shControl cells） were divided into PBS control group and cisplatin treatment group，and the expression of HBV proteins and the level of HBV replication were measured. The results of qRT-PCR showed that compared with the cisplatin treat－ment group of shCREB1 cells，the cisplatin treatment group of shControl cells had significantly higher relative expression levels of HBV DNA（518.300±3.458 vs. 265.300±3.125，P=0.000） and HBV mRNA（2.713±0.318 vs. 1.263±0.056，P=0.000）. According to the results of Western blot，the cisplatin treatment group of shControl cells had a relative expression level of HBsAg of 1.254±0.001 and a relative expression level of HBcAg of 2.238±0.041，while the cisplatin treatment group of shCREB1 cells had a relative expression level of HBsAg of 1.121±0.036 and a relative expression level of HBcAg of 1.681±0.015；there were significant differ－ences in the relative expression levels of HBsAg and HBcAg between the two groups（P=0.021 and 0.000）. Conclusion：Cisplatin can increase the level of HBV replication and the expression levels of HBV proteins via CREB1.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） via intranasal instillation on the lung development in neonatal mice，and to explore the role of postnatal pulmonary inflammation in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its mecha－nism. Methods：A total of 20 C57BL/6 mice on postnatal day 1（P1） were randomly divided into LPS group and saline group. The LPS group was given LPS（25 mg/kg/day） via intranasal instillation from P1 to postnatal day 13（P13），while the saline group was given an equal volume of saline via intranasal instillation from P1 to P13. The mice were randomly sacrificed on postnatal day 14（P14） for col－lection of the lung tissue. The morphological changes in the lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The expression of cluster of differentiation 31（CD31） was measured by immunohistochemistry to determine pulmonary microvascular density. The mRNA expres－sion of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR-2） and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha（MIP-1α） was deter－mined by quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR）. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B p65 subunit（P65），nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor，alpha（IκBα），phosphorylated P65（Ser536），phosphorylated Iκ－Bα（Ser32），and VEGFR-2 was measured by Western blot. Results：HE staining showed that compared with the saline group，the LPS group showed alveolar enlargement and inflam－matory cell infiltration around blood vessels；the LPS group had a significantly lower radial alveolar count（4.533±0.166 vs. 8.377±0.290，P=0.000） and a significantly higher mean linear intercept（54.890±2.074 vs. 32.750±0.787，P=0.000）. The immunohistochemistry results of CD31 showed that the LPS group had a signifi－cantly lower microvascular density than the saline group（3.387±0.007 vs. 5.631±0.014，P=0.000）. qRT-PCR showed that compared with the saline group，the LPS group had significantly lower mRNA expression of VEGFR-2 and significantly higher mRNA expres－sion of MIP-1α（P=0.000；P=0.000）. Western blot showed that the LPS group had significantly increased protein expression of P65，Ser536，and Ser32 and significantly reduced protein expression of IκBα and VEGFR-2 compared with the saline group（all P=0.000）. Conclusion：LPS via intranasal instillation can inhibit the lung development in neonatal mice and postnatal pulmonary inflammation may be involved in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The mechanism may be related to downregulation of VEGFR-2，activation of NF-κB，and upregulation of MIP-1α.

Abstract:Objective：To screen DDX family for genes that affect the transcription activity of HBV core promoter，and to research the relationship between DHX15 and HBV replication in vitro. Methods：The DDX family genes were cloned into the expression plasmid PCH9 respectively. The HBV core promoter was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector to generate pcore-Rluc. HepG2 cells were tran－siently co-transfected with each of the DEx D/H-box expressing plasmids and pCH9-pcore-Rluc. The luciferase activity was measured with luciferase assay system. HepG2 cells were transiently co-transfected with DHX15 and HBV1.3 cells were lysed and subjected to Western blot analysis. The effects of DHX15 overexpression on the HBV DNA replication and the HBV RNA transcription were tested by using Southern blot and Northern blot respectively. HBV core promoter truncated mutants were constructed to dissect the sequence might interacting with DHX15. Results：Thirty DEx D/h-box family genes were successfully cloned. DHX15 significantly influenced the activity of HBV core promoter（P=0.042）. Compared with the control，overexpression of DHX15 promoted the replica－tion of HBV DNA and increased the transcription level of HBV RNA in HepG2 cells. Both of the 2 HBV enhancers seem to be partially responsible for the upregulation effect of DHX15 on the activity of HBV core promoter（t=8.292，P=0.001；t=5.215，P=0.006）. Conclusion：Overexpression of DHX15 promotes HBV replication in HepG2 cells by affecting the activity of HBV enhancer.（qRT-PCR） and Western blot. Cell counting Kit-8（CCK-8） assays were used to evaluate the sensibility to gefitinib of different group cells. The invasion ability and migration ability of different groups were detected by Transwell assay. Results：Nicotine in－duced epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） of PC-9 cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. Down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of Vimentin were most significant with a treatment of 10 μmol/L nicotine for 10 h，so further experi－ments were completed under this condition. CCK-8 displayed reduction of gefitinib sensitivity of PC-9 cells in the NIC group com－pared with the control group，especially with a gefitinib concentration of 0.05 μmol/L（F=82.005，P=0.000，P=0.000）. In invasion as－says，more penetrating cells were observed in the NIC group than in the control group[（15.70±1.53） vs. （32.70±2.08），F=75.406，P=0.000，P=0.000]. Migration assays presented similar results [（102.70±7.02） vs. （18.70±2.08），F=204.038，P=0.000，P=0.000]. E-cadherin mRNA expression decreased[（0.932±0.100） vs. （0.459±0.024），F=25.924，P=0.000，P=0.000] and Vimentin mRNA expression increased[（1.200±0.200） vs. （1.973±0.129），F=20.998，P=0.000，P=0.000] in the NIC group compared with the control group，and Western blot showed the same results. Cells in the MET+NIC group displayed higher sensitivity to gifitinib，which is statis－tically significant with a gifitinib concentration of 0.05，0.10，0.50，1.00 and 5.00 μmol/L. Fewer cells penetrated the Matrigel in the NIC+MET group[（17.00±2.00） vs. （32.70±2.08），F=75.406，P=0.000，P=0.000] and migration assays presented similar results [（51.70±5.03） vs. （102.70±7.02），F=204.038，P=0.000，P=0.000]. E-cadherin mRNA expression was upregulated[（0.459±0.024） vs. （0.838±0.058），F=25.924，P=0.000，P=0.000]，and Vimentin mRNA expression was downregulated [（1.973±0.129） vs. （1.467±0.115），F=20.998，P=0.000，P=0.003] in the NIC+MET group compared with the NIC group. Western blot showed the same results. Conclusion：Nicotine induced EGFR-TKI resistance in PC-9 cells by EMT in non-small cell lung cancer，which could be reversed by metformin.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the effect and mechanism of TanshinoneⅡA（TSNⅡA） on oxidative stress and apoptosis of hypox－ia/reperfusion（H/R） HK-2 cells. Methods：HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro for establishment of H/R-induced models. HK-2 cells were divided into the control group，H/R group，H/R+20 μg/mL TSN ⅡA group，H/R+10 μg/mL TSN ⅡA group，and H/R+5 μg/mL TSN ⅡA group. The morphological changes of all groups were detected by light microscope. The cell proliferation of H/R HK-2 cells was measured by CCK-8，and the cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The levels of ROS were observed by fluorescence microscope，and the expressions of bcl-2，bax，and Cleaved Caspase-3 by Western blot assay. Results：The cell proliferation of H/R group decreased ob－viously compared with that of the control group[（43.6±10.1）% vs. 100%]. Low and medium concentrations of TSN IIA could improve H/R cell proliferation，among which，10 μg/ml TSN ⅡA group presented significant proliferation protection effects compared with H/R group[（79.1±11.1）% vs. （43.6±10.1）%]（P<0.05）. In contrast，high concentration of TSN IIA（20 μg/mL） might reduce the cell proliferation as compared with 10 μg/mL TSN ⅡA group[（51.0±10.4）% vs. （79.1±11.1）%]（P<0.05）. Compared with H/R group，the levels of ROS detected by fluorescence microscope were decreased. The flow cytometry showed the apoptosis of all TSNIIA-treat－ed groups were prohibited，especially for the 20 μg/mL TSNⅡA group（P<0.05）. The Western blot results indicated that TSNⅡA up-regulated the expression of bcl-2 and meanwhile down-regulat－ed the expression of Bax（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Tanshinone I－IA may protect the H/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and attenuating cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the protective effect of FK866 on acute liver injury（ALI） induced by acetaminophen（APAP） and its mechanism. Methods：Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice（6-week-old） were randomly divided into the control group，FK866 group，APAP group and FK866+APAP group. The activities of alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） in serum were determined by colorimetric method，the pathological changes of liver by HE（hematoxylin eosin） staining，the levels of tu－mor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-6（IL-6） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） by ELISA，and the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase（NAMPT） by Western blot. Results：In the FK866+APAP group，the serum activities of ALT and AST were （13.969±0.290） and （7.150±0.669） IU/L respectively and significantly lower than those of the APAP group（ALT：F=364.709，P=0.000；AST：F=130.398，P=0.000）. The lobular structure was clear，the cell degeneration was mild，and no obvious congestion was observed in FK866-treated group. Furthermore，the serum levels of IL-6，IL-1β and TNF-α were （176.333±0.775），（79.765±1.000） and （147.083±1.000） pg/mL respectively，indicating the inflammatory factors were notably inhibited by FK866（F=207.106，P=0.000；F=165.027，P=0.000；F=118.636，P=0.000）. The expression of NAMPT protein was also down-regulated. Conclusion：FK866 can protect against the acute liver injury induced by APAP，and the anti-inflammatory effects may be involved in it.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of survivin（SVV） gene overexpression on the proliferation and migration of rat vascular endothelial cells with hypoxic treatment and the protein expression of EPAS1 and CHOP-10，as well as the possible mechanisms. Methods：Rat arterial endothelial cells were given hypoxic treatment with 500 μmol/L CoCl2 and were then divided into SVV inter－vention group，negative control group，and blank control group. The cells in the SVV intervention group were transfected with aden－ovirus SVV-EGFP，those in the negative control group were transfected with empty virus，and those in the blank control group were not given any treatment. Transwell assay was used to evaluate migration ability；ELISA was used to measure the changes in the levels of matrix metallopeptidase-2（MMP-2） and matrix metallopeptidase-9（MMP-9）；the WST-1 test was used to assess cell proliferation；flow cytometry was used to determine the cell cycle；Western blot was used to measure the changes in the protein expression of survivin，hypoxia-inducible factor EPAS1，endoplasmic reticulum stress protein CHOP-10，and apoptosis protein caspase-8. U0126 and LY294002 were used to block the EPAS1 upstream signaling pathways P44/42 MAPK and P13K/AKT，and then Western blot was used to measure the expression of EPAS1 to investigate the mechanism of the effect of survivin on EPAS1. Results：SVV overexpression promoted the migration ability of vascular endothelial cells and increased the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The proliferation ability of endothelial cells was enhanced after survivin trans－fection，with an increase in the number of cells in S phase，and there was an increase in the expression of survivin after transfection（F=326.137，P=0.000）. The relative protein expression of EPAS1 was 1.29±0.11 in the overexpression group，0.97±0.06 in the neg－ative control group，and 0.99±0.06 in the blank control group，suggesting that survivin significantly upregulated the expression of EPAS1（F=17.765，P=0.000）. SVV overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of CHOP-10（F=78.908，P=0.000）. There was a significant reduction in the relative expression of caspase-8 after survivin overexpression（F=53.823，P=0.000）. There were no significant differences in the expression of these three proteins between the negative control group and the blank control group（P=0.841，0.891，and 0.955）. The upregulated expression of EPAS1 due to survivin was inhibited by blocking the P13K/AKT pathway（0.78±0.04 vs. 1.32±0.28，P=0.002），and after U0126 was used to block the P42/44 MAPK pathway，there was a slight reduction in the expression of EPAS1（1.36±0.12 vs. 1.32±0.28，P=0.451）. Conclusion：Under the hypoxic condition，survivin overexpression can promote cell proliferation and migration abilities and increase the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. SVVexerts an anti-apoptosis effect and promotes angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of EPAS1 in endothelial cells via the P13K/AKT pathway，inhibiting the expression of CHOP-10 and caspase-8，and protecting the cells against the hypoxic environment.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the alleviation of inflammatory effects and mechanisms of Streptococcus mitis in infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods：Wild-type C57BL/6 and TLR2-/- mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups（20 in each group）. They were treated with an intratracheal instilla－tion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa（PAO1 group），Streptococcus mitis（S.mitis group），Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mitis（PAO1+S.mitis group），and phosphate-buffered saline（PBS group），respectively. The mice were sacrificed at 48 h after instillation；the pathological changes in lung tissues were ex－amined with hematoxylin-eosin（HE）；the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid（BALF） were evaluated by ELISA；the total cell counts and neutrophil counts in the BALF were quantified. Results：In wild-type C57BL/6 mice，the bronchi and blood vessels in PAO1 group was infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells and was complicated with alveolar septum thickening. The pathological changes were milder in PAO1+S.mitis group than in PAO1 group，while there was no significant pathological changes in lung tissue in PBS group and S.mitis group. The levels of IL-6，TNF-α were significantly higher in PAO1 group than that in PAO1+S.mitis group（P=0.032，P=0.007）. The total number of BALF cells and neutrophils in PAO1 group was the highest among the four groups（P＜0.05）. In TLR2-/- mice，alveolar septum thickening and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was ob－served in PAO1 group and PAO1+S.mitis group. No statistically significant difference in the expression of IL-6，TNF-α，total number of BALF cells and neutrophils in PAO1 group and PAO1+S.mitis group（all P=1.000） was observed. Conclusion：Streptococcus mitis can alleviate the inflammatory response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is related to TLR2.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a Morn3 knockout zebrafish model using the efficient CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Methods：The target sites for the Morn3 gene in zebrafish were chosen by bioinformatics analysis；the gRNA expression vector was constructed，and in vitro transcription was performed；then a mixture of gRNA and Cas9 mRNA was microscopically injected into the one-cell fer－tilized eggs of zebrafish. Genomic DNA was extracted at 24 to 48 hours post microinjection，and target fragments were amplified by PCR. Restriction enzyme digestion was used to detect gene targeting. Finally，sequencing analysis was used to determine the editing effect. Results：Three target sites（i.e.，M1，M2，and M3） were tested，and the two sites with higher concentrations of gRNA（M2 and M3） were injected. Results from restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing revealed that gene editing effect had been produced in M3. Conclusion：The Morn3 knockout zebrafish model has been successfully obtained by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system，which provides a basis for further study of the Morn3 gene.

Abstract:Objective：To develop the bacterial expression，purification and biological activity evaluation methods for Polo-like kinase 1 Polo-box domain（Plk1 PBD） protein. Methods：HeLa cDNA was served as a template to amplify Plk1 PBD gene fragment by PCR. After inserting into pET-28a vector，E.coli Rosetta（DE3） competent cells were transformed with pET-28a-Plk1 PBD plasmid. Plk1 PBD protein was expressed after induction and purified with HisTrap affinity chromatography，and then the biological activity was e－valuated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and fluorescence polarization（FP） assay. Results：The DNA sequencing and double digestion map for recombinant plasmid showed the construction was successful. SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay demon－strated that Plk1 PBD protein was successfully expressed and purified，and ELISA and FP assay showed a perfect biological activity of Plk1 PBD protein. Conclusion：Plk1 PBD protein is prepared successfully，which paves the way for further study on its cellular functions in vitro and the development for novel Plk1 inhibitors targeting Polo-box domain.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of metabolic profiling analysis of serum bile acids in the early diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy（ICP）. Methods：Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrome－try was used to measure the serum levels of 27 known bile acids and 29 identified bile acids in 50 healthy pregnant women，51 pa－tients with ICP，14 patients with early-stage ICP，and 21 pregnant women with liver dysfunction. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used to establish a diagnostic model of ICP，and the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve and logistic regression analysis were used to screen out the bile acids as the markers for the early diagnosis of ICP. Results：Compared with the normal pregnant women，the pregnant women with early-stage ICP had significant increases in the serum levels of taurocholic acid，glyco－cholic acid，glycine-conjugated bile acid with three hydroxyl-3（Gtri-3），and glycine-conjugated bile acid with three hydroxyl-5（Gtri-5，P<0.05），while no significant changes were observed in the pregnant women with liver dysfunction. The ICP diagnostic model had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 95.2% in the diagnosis of early-stage ICP. Gtri-3 and taurine-conjugated bile acid with three hydroxyl-2（Ttri-2） were selected as the markers for the early diagnosis of ICP，with a sensitivity of 92.9% and a speci－ficity of 90.5%. Conclusion：The metabolic profiling analysis of serum bile acids is a highly specific and sensitive method for the early diagnosis of ICP.

Abstract:Objective：To estimate Michaelis-Menten constant（Km） and maximal reaction rate（Vm） of an enzyme through the integra－tion of kinetic analysis of reaction curve for the ratio of maximal reaction rate（Vm） to Michaelis-Menten Constant（Km） as Vm/Km with the initial rate（Vi）. Methods：Bacillus fastidiosus uricase（BFU） and its mutants（A1R，A1R/V144A），calf intestinal alkaline phos－phatase（CIAP） and Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase mutant R168K served as the models. Reaction curve of uricase was recorded as absorbance at 293 nm with uric acid as the substrate while that of alkaline phosphatase was monitored by absorbance at 450 nm with 4-nitro-1-naphthylphosphate（4NNPP） as the substrate. Vm /Km was estimated by nonlinear fitting of the integrated Michaelis-Menten rate equation with the predictor variable of reaction time to a reaction curve at a substrate concentration smaller than 10% of Km，and Vi was estimated from data for initial rate reaction at a preset substrate concentration. In the integration strategy，Km was derived from the ratio of Vi to Vm/Km for the same enzyme quantity and Vm was thus derived from known Vm /Km and Km. Results：Reference values of Km were estimated with substrate concentrations ranging from about 50% Km to about two-fold of Km by Eadie-Hofstee transformation of data. In the integration strategy，the use of a higher preset substrate concentration to estimate Vi gave Km closer to the reference value；when the substrate concentrations preset to estimate Vi were varied from 35% to 120% of Km，the derived Km was consistent with the reference value. By this integration strategy under optimized conditions，it was found that the decrease of the activities of BFU and its mutants at physiological pH was caused by the decrease of their Vm rather than the increase of their Km. Conclusion：The integration of Vm /Km estimated through kinetic analysis of reaction curve with the initial rates at preset sub－strate concentrations lower than Km for the same enzyme quantity is suitable for the estimation of Vm and Km.

Abstract:Objective：To develop an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay linked immunosorbent assay（AlphaLISA） method for simultaneous determination of clenbuterol（CLB） and ractopamine（RAC） in animal tissues. Methods：The samples were subjected to enzymatic extraction with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase and ammonium acetate，degreased with n-hexane，and filtrated with a filter membrane. Then the filtrate underwent reactions with biotinylated antigen，antibody，donor beads，and acceptor beads；subsequently AlphaLISA was used for determination. Results：CLB and RAC showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1 to 50 ng/mL（R2>0.98），with a limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL. The recovery rates of CLB + RAC（1∶1），CLB，and RAC at spiking levels of 5，10，and 20 μg/kg were 88.8%-102.8%，86.6%-98.3%，and 84.2%-103.2%，respectively；the relative standard deviations were all less than 12%. Conclusion：The method developed is simple，rapid，accurate，and reliable，thus making it applicable for the determination and screening of CLB and RAC in animal tissues.

Abstract:Objective：To prepare exenatide-loaded poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）（PLGA） nanoparticles，and to evaluate its in vitro ef－fect and characteristics. Methods：The orthogonal experimental design was used to screen out the optimal formulation and process of exenatide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles，and dynamic light scattering and a transmission electron microscope were used for characteri－zation. In vitro simulation of gastrointestinal fluid and Caco-2 cell model were used to evaluate its stability，cellular uptake，and cellular transport. Results：The optimal formulation and process were obtained by the orthogonal design，i.e.，a volume ratio of internal water phase to oil phase of 1∶5，an ultrasonic power of 200 W，an ultrasonic time of 4 minutes，a concentration of polyvinyl alcohol of 2%，and a volume ratio of primary emulsion to external water phase of 1∶20. The nanoparticles obtained had a diameter of 116.2 nm and the transmission electron microscope showed that PLGA nanoparticles had a sphere-like shape with a regular surface. The in vit－ro study demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles significantly prolonged the release of exenatide in gastrointestinal fluid and improved its stability（P<0.05），and 50% of exenatide was retained after 4-hour culture in simulated gastric fluid，while 80% was retained after 4-hour culture in simulated intestinal juice. The cell experiment showed that the uptake and transport of PLGA nanoparticles in the experimental group were 7 and 5 times those in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion：PLGA nanoparticles may be a potential effi－cient oral drug delivery system for exenatide.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the differential expression of proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. Methods：A total of 12 patients with schizophrenia and 12 patients without schizophrenia were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected，and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for protein separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for protein recognition and identification were used to screen out symbolic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid. Results：There was a significant difference in the content of Clus-human protein between the schizophrenia group and the non-schizophrenia group（2.560 6±0.319 2 μg/L vs. 2.134 9±0.418 7 μg/L，t=2.801，P=0.010）. Conclusion：Clus-human protein is found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia and may have important significance in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of high intensity focused ultrasound（HIFU） combined with ultrasound-guided curettage for treating type Ⅱ caesarean scar pregnancy（CSP）. Methods：Eighty-two patients with type Ⅱ CSP from Suning Central Hospital were divided into 3 groups based on the diameter of pregnancy sac：10-mm group，20-mm group，30-mm group. All the patients from the three groups were first treated with HIFU，and then had ultrasound-guided curettage. Results：The number of the three groups was 23，36，23 respectively. The sonication power used for the three groups was 397（350 to 399），399（387 to 400），400（399 to 400） W respectively（P=0.000）. The treatment time for the three groups was 37.0（27.0 to 48.0），62.0（37.5 to 78.0），64.0（46.0 to 84.0） min respectively（P=0.001）. The sonication time for the three groups was 250（200 to 321），415（252 to 680），522（400 to 800） s respectively（P=0.000）. The average sonication intensity for the three groups was （435.7±128.0），（487.0±105.1），（558.4±118.9） s/h，respectively（P=0.002）. The median blood loss in the procedure of curettage was 20（10 to 30），20（15 to 35），30（20 to 100） mL respectively（P=0.000）. When treating the bigger size sac，the higher the treatment power and treat－ment intensity，the longer sonication time and treatment time，and more blood loss during curettage was observed（P<0.05）. The median time of human chorionic gonadotropin（β-hCG） level returning to nomal was 25（24 to 31），27（23 to 30），31（24 to 37）d respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed among the three groups（P=0.248）. Conclusion：HIFU combined with ultrasound-guided curettage can be safely used to treat CSP，especially for the sac smaller than 30 mm. For CSP patients with large sac，higher son－ication power and longer sonication time should be given to reduce the blood supply of sac，and therefore to reduce the risk of massive bleeding during curettage.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the differences between South African black women and Chinese Han women with uterine fibroids via a control study and the influence of such differences on the safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） ab－lation. Methods：A total of 254 patients who underwent HIFU treatment in Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in South Africa or The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in China from October 2015 to November 2016 were enrolled，and among these patients，there were 132（399 uterine fibroids） from South Africa and 122（177 uterine fibroids） from Xinjiang. Results：Com－pared with the Chinese Han patients，the South African black women had a significantly higher proportion of patients with multiple uterine fibroids（62.9% vs. 29.5%，P<0.05），a significantly higher body mass index[（24.9±2.0） kg/m2 vs. （23.2±2.6） kg/m2，P<0.05），a significantly greater subcutaneous fat thickness[30.9（18.0，40.0） mm vs. 17.0（15.0，23.0） mm，P<0.05]，significantly longer axes of the uterus[101.6（87.4，125.7） mm vs. 78.0（75.0，88.0） mm，P<0.05] and fibroids[45.3（32.6，63.4） mm vs. 42.0（32.0，58.0） mm，P<0.05]，significantly higher uterine volume[379.9（223.1，607.3） cm3 vs. 137.5（104.5，198.5） cm3，P<0.05 ]，and no significantly differ－ences of uterine fibroids[36.7（15.3，102.1） cm3 vs. 31.6（13.6，70.3） cm3]（P＝0.102），and a significantly higher incidence rate of the clinical symptom of dysmenorrhea（72.0% vs. 9.0%，P<0.05）. There were no significant differences between the two centers in the maximum power，minimum power，average power，irradiation time，and total therapeutic dose of HIFU treatment；the Xinjiang center had a significantly higher treatment intensity than the South African center（518.3±103.3 s/h vs. 442.4±143.1 s/h，P<0.05），and the South African center had a significantly longer treatment time than the Xinjiang center（86.5±55.0 minutes vs. 85.5±45.2 minutes，P<0.05）. Imaging examination during follow-up showed that there was no significant difference in fibroid shrinkage rate be－tween the two groups of patients. The South African center had a higher incidence rate of adverse events than the Xinjiang center，but no serious complications requiring treatment were observed in either center. Conclusion：Although there are differences in body mass index and uterine fibroids between South African black women and Chinese Han women，HIFU with an individualized treat－ment regimen can be safe and effective in the treatment of uterine fibroids. HIFU is suitable for African black women with uterine fibroids.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of ultrasound versus radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma （PTA）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for 150 patients who were found to have parathyroid nodules on ultrasound or radionuclide imaging in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2012 to July 2016，among whom 89 patients were diagnosed with PTA by postoperative pathology. The imaging findings of the lesions on ultrasound and radionuclide imaging were summarized to analyze the advantages of these two methods. Results：Both ultrasound and radionuclide imaging showed the presence of PTA，with sensitivities of 86.9% and 66%，respectively，and specificities of 88.1% and 70.2%，respectively，and there was a significant difference between the two methods（P=0.000）. According to the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve，the 95% confidence interval（CI） for the area under the ROC curve（AUC） of ultrasound was 0.464-0.588，while that of radionuclide imaging was 0.310-0.437. Ultrasound combined with radionuclide imaging had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 90.1% in the diagnosis of PTA，and the 95% CI for the AUC of this combination was 0.542-0.658；there was a significant difference in 95%CI for AUC between ultrasound combined with radionuclide imaging and ultrasound alone（P=0.005）. Conclusion：Ultrasound has higher sensitivity and specificity than radionuclide imaging in detecting PTA，and ultrasound combined with radionuclide imaging can further improve detection rate.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the epidemiological characters and treatment status of testicular torsion in Chongqing. Methods：Retrospective review and questionnaire survey were used to investigate 451 patients diagnosed with testicular torsion from January 2012 to December 2016 in 50 hospitals in Chongqing. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Cochran-Armitage Trend test. Results：The epidemiological characters of the disease included that the disease mainly attacked individuals below 18 years old （65.9%），the onset usually occurred in winter（43.2%），the preliminary symptoms were scrotal pain（69.6%） and testis pain（25.7%），the ratio of left testis to right was 1.79∶1 and the torsion style was more common in the sheath（88.1%）. The misdiagnosis rate at ini－tial diagnosis was 32.8%. The lower of the doctor’s qualifications and institution’s level，the higher of the misdiagnosis and the longer of the duration from the onset of disease to clinic visit，the more opportunity of testicle loss and the differences were statistically signif－icant. The reasons for prolonged treatment mainly included the insufficient attention paid by patients and their families，as well as misdiagnosis by doctors at initial evaluation. Conclusion：There is a need to improve the diagnosis and therapy capabilities of doctors for testicular torsion，especially for those in primary hospitals and with junior degree. Meanwhile，enhancing the disease understanding of the public is also important.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of pulse oximeter perfusion index（PI） in assessing the blocking effect of lower epidural anesthesia in elderly male patients. Methods：A total of 66 male patients aged ≥60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ were given 2% lidocaine via the epidural catheter and then observed for 30 minutes. The changes in PI and pain sensa－tion of the toes of both feet during needle prick and the time to the disappearance of cremasteric reflex were recorded. A PI change rate of ≥100% and the disappearance of pain sensation and cremasteric reflex were considered effective epidural blockage. A one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for comparison of PI at different time points，and the chi-square test of paired fourfold data was used for comparison of the success rates of PI，cremasteric reflex，and pain measurement with needle prick in indicating epidural anesthesia at different time points. Results：PI gradually increased at 2 minutes after epidural administration and the pain with needle prick started to decrease at 4 minutes，and cremasteric reflex started to disappear at 20 minutes. At 10，20，and 30 minutes after epidural administration，all the patients achieved a 100% increase in PI（P=0.000）；0，45，and 66 patients，respec－tively，had no sense of pain during needle prick，and there was a significant increase in the number of patients from 10 to 20 min－utes（ χ2=24.973，P=0.000）；0，51，and 66 patients，respectively，had the disappearance of cremasteric reflex，and there was a signifi－cant increase in the number of patients from 10 to 20 minutes（χ2=16.923，P=0.000）. Conclusion：PI is an early and objective index of the blocking effect of lower epidural anesthesia in elderly male patients.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the correlation between postoperative（PO） cerebral oxygen saturation（SctO2） and clinical outcomes in children after congenital heart surgery. Methods：A prospective cohort study was conducted in 65 patients who underwent congen－ital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and admitted to intensive care unit（ICU） afterwards from December 2016 to October 2017 in our hospital. The PO SctO2 within the first 24 hours was measured consecutively by near-infrared spectroscopy（Fore-sight，P/N01-06-2030C，CASmed，USA）. The nadir of SctO2（nSctO2） and the mean of SctO2 （mSctO2） were analyzed with adverse outcome（AO） （low cardiac output syndrome，cardio-pulmonary resuscitation or death），the pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ（Prism Ⅲ） score of PO 24 hours，the maximum of vasoactive-inotropic score of PO 24 hours（VISmax），the duration of mechanical ventilation，and length of ICU stay. Results：２６ cases（40.00%） were divided into AO group，while the other 3９ cases（60.00%） were divided into non-AO group. The nSctO2 and mSctO2 were significantly lower in AO group than those in non-AO group [44.00% （32.00% to 47.25%） vs. 56.00%（50.00% to 60.00%），P=0.000；61.94%（58.95% to 65.15%） vs. 70.00%（66.67% to 73.76%），P=0.000]. The nSctO2 and mSctO2 were negatively correlated with the Prism Ⅲ score（rs=-0.653，P=0.000；rs=-0.593，P=0.000），the VISmax（rs=-0.346，P=0.005；rs=-0.422，P=0.000），the duration of mechanical ventilation time（rs=-0.424，P=0.001；rs=-0.519，P=0.000） and the length of ICU（rs=-0.407，P=0.000；rs=-0.528，P=0.001），respectively. ROC analysis indicated a cutoff point of 51.50% of nSctO2 in the first 24 hours to predict AO（AUROC=0.849，P=0.000），95%CI=0.756 to 0.942，with a sensitivity of 92.30% and a specificity of 74.40%. Conclusion：Both the amplitude and duration of SctO2 drop in the PO 24 hours were correlated with the poor clinical outcomes. SctO2 lower than 51.50% in PO 24 h may potentially act as a predictive factor.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the lung involvement characteristics of microscopic polyangiitis（MPA） and its treatments with the purpose of improving the awareness of it and the diagnosis and treatment for it. Methods：The clinical data of 94 MPA patients with lung involvement admitted into The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2011 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed，including the clinical manifestations，laboratory test results，chest imaging features，pathological features，treatment，prognosis etc. The main clinical manifestations，laboratory test results and chest imaging features were compared between patients with respiratory symptoms as initial symptoms（group A，n=34） and patients with non-respiratory symptoms as initial symp－toms（group B，n=60）. Results：The patients included 49 males and 45 females，with the mean age as （65.2±10.9） yeas. In MPA pa－tients with lung involvement，main manifestations were cough，expectoration，hemoptysis and dyspnea，and 21 patients were found with respiratory failure. The characteristics in chest CT/HRCT included the following patterns，patchy consolidation or ground-glass opaci－ties（n=61，64.89%），reticular or honeycombing（n=13，13.83%），and both of the former two（n=20，21.28%）. Twelve cases（12.77%） had radiographic evidences for usual interstitial pneumonia（UIP），and 30 cases（31.91%） cases for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage（DAH）. The incidence of respiratory symptoms in group A was significantly higher than that in group B（P<0.05），including cough/expectoration（32/34 vs. 46/60），hemoptysis（15/34 vs. 13/60） and dyspnea（27/34 vs. 20/60）. No significant differences were found between group A and B in constitutional symptoms and other extra-pulmonary manifestation（P>0.05），such as fever（24/34 vs. 37/60），rash（3/34 vs. 8/60），hematuresis（22/34 vs. 41/60），proteinuria （21/34 vs. 40/60）. The incidence of DAH in chest CT was sig－nificantly higher in group A than that in group B（18/34 vs. 12/60，P<0.05）. A total of 82 patients who accepted treatment were treated with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents，among which，11 severe/life-threatening patients were treated with intravenous pulsed methylprednisolone with cyclophosphamide. Conclusion：The prevalence of lung involvement in patients with MPA is high，and pulmonary fibrosis and DAH are the special radiological findings. DAH is more likely to occur in patients with respiratory symptoms as initial symptoms. Glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive agents are the main treatment of MPA patients，whose short-term prognosis is relatively good.

Abstract:Radiomics is an evolving field in which extraction and screening a large amount of image features could be used to estab－lish predictive models with clinical information through artificial intelligence technology and statistical analysis，thereby improving the diagnostic accuracy，predicting treatment response and prognostication，potentially allowing personalized cancer therapy. As a promis－ing new field，radiomics has broad application prospects. This review will focus on the overview，current status，process and challenges in the clinical application of PET radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract:As two different types of diseases，Parkinson’s disease is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system，while the tumor is a malignant proliferative disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of Parkinson’s disease is related to the incidence of cancer，but the common pathogenesis of the two has not been completely clear until now. The research on the pathogene－sis of these diseases will help provide a basis for screening and early diagnosis of two diseases，and provide clues for searching for more effective intervention measures.

Abstract:Wet age-related macular degeneration（wAMD） is one of the leading causes of blindness in elderly people aged >60 years. Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor（VEGFR） in eyes，which plays a criti－cal role in the pathological process of choroidal neovascularization（CNV） and wAMD. At present，anti-VEGF treatment is the first-line treatment of wAMD，but this method cannot maintain drug concentration for a long time and requires frequent intraocular drug injection. Some patients do not have an improvement in visual acuity after repeated anti-VEGF treatment or visual acuity cannot be maintained at a stable level after improvement. With in-depth basic and clinical research on the pathogenesis of wAMD，it has been found that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2（VEGFR-2） is closely associated with the development and progression of this disease. This article briefly reviews the molecular structure and pathophysiological function of VEGFR-2 and its role in the develop－ment and progression of AMD，as well as related research advances in preclinical and clinical studies.

Abstract:By now，the standard treatment method for teeth with irreversible dental pulp inflammation and necrosis is root canal therapy. However，it cannot restore the physiological function of dental pulp dentin complex and form the reparative dentin to resist external invasion. Compared with traditional root canal surgery，inducing dental pulp regeneration in the root canal has a better prognosis and is the future research direction. It has been showed that dental pulp structure and tubular dentin can be formed by implanting stem cells，suitable scaffold materials，and signal factors into the root canal based on tissue engineering principle. Compared with the exogenous stem cell transplantation with technical sensitivity and potential safety problems，the dental pulp regeneration strategy based on endogenous cell homing can meet the clinical requirements. Current status and research progress in dental pulp regeneration strategy based on endogenous stem cell homing are summarized as follows.