Abstract:The transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） superfamily is composed of many cytokines，mainly including of TGF-βs and bone morphogenetic proteins（BMPs）. Recently，antagonism effect between TGF-βs and BMPs on proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is showed. Furthermore，individual genes variation might cause to different，even opposite effects of TGF-βs or BMPs on the proliferation. This article reviewed the regulation of TGF-β and BMPs signal pathways on abnormal proliferation in pul－monary artery smooth muscle cells.

Abstract:Heart failure is the end stage of most cardiac diseases. Biomarkers can indicate pathological changes in different stages and aspects during development of heart failure. They have significant roles in the diagnosis，treatment and prognosis of heart failure. In recent years，many studies have revealed some new biomarkers in heart failure. However，different biomarkers have different clinical significance. Based on latest guidelines and recent reports of heart failure，this review summarizes most of biomarkers in heart failure，focusing on their clinical value and prospects to be used widely in the early diagnosis，proper treatment and prognosis assessment of heart failure.

Abstract:Large amounts of experiments have proved that sevoflurane，both preconditioning and post-conditioning，has the cardio-protective effect. However，the specific mechanism of this effect has been studied a lot and is greatly disputed. This article reviews these mechanisms in the cardio-protective effect of sevoflurane. Meanwhile，theoretical bases for rational administration of sevoflurane during clinical anesthesia are provided. The application and its limitations of the cardio-protective effect of sevoflurane in the current clinical work，along with our expectations are also put forward.

Abstract:Subclinical atrial fibrillation is asymptomatic short episodes of atrial fibrillation（AF），which have been termed as atrial high rate events（AHREs） in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices（CIED）. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that there was a high incidence of AHREs，which was associated with a increased risk of stroke in patients with CIED and insertable cardiac monitors. Oral anticoagulant therapy decreased the risk of stroke in AF patients，while the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in patients with subclinical AF was unknown. Besides，remote home monitoring provides an opportunity for early identification of subclinical AF. The present review will discuss the epidemiology of subclinical AF，the relationship between subclinical AF and stroke，anticoagulant therapy and remote home monitoring of subclinical AF.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effect of hypoxic preconditioning（HPC） on human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） undergoing hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods：Cultured HUVECs were divided into 5 groups，control，hypoxia/reoxygenation（HR），hypoxic preconditioning（HPC），HR+EUK134 and HPC+H2O2. The hypoxia with tri-gas incubator and glucose-free and serum-free DMEM culture medium was stimulated and reoxygenation was generated using normal incubator and high glucose DMEM culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. First，group control，HR and HR+EUK134 were put into normal incubator，and groups HPC and HPC+H2O2 into tri-gas incubator to exert hypoxic preconditioning with three 10 minutes hypoxia/reoxygenation cycles. Then together with group HR and HR+EUK134，the two groups underwent one-hour hypoxia in tri-gas incubator to generate a longer hypoxia. One hour later added EUK134（10 μmol/L） and H2O2（100 μmol/L） were added into group HR+EUK134 and HPC+H2O2，and all the five groups were oxygenated in normal incubator for two hours. After reoxygenation，the cells were harvested to detect cell viability，oxidative and reductive glutathione（GSSG and GSH），and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase（eNOS） glutathionylation，superoxide anion（O2.） and nitric oxide（NO） levels，also the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）. Results：Compared with control，group HR showed an increase in O2 level （P=0.004） and a decrease in SOD and CAT ac－tivities（P=0.000），and had a higher GSSG/GSH ratio and eNOS glutathionylation（P=0.000），thus a lower production of NO（P=0.003）. The free radical scavenger EUK134 and hy－poxic preconditioning（P=0.028） both could ameliorate O2. level and increase activities of SOD（P=0.002） and CAT（P=0.003），resulting lower GSSG/GSH ratio and eNOS glutathionylation（P=0.001），thus a higher production of NO（P=0.042），but the effect of hypoxic preconditioning could be counteracted by high dose H2O2. Conclusion：Hypoxic preconditioning could promote cell viability and eNOS activity probably through reducing oxidative stress and eNOS glutathionylation，thus increasing the production of NO.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate whether epigallocatechin gallate（EGCG） could prevent the declining expression of cardiac tro－ponin Ⅰ（cTnⅠ） in aging mice hearts and to study its mechanism. Methods：Expression levels of cTnⅠ mRNA and protein were de－tected by using RT-PCR and Western blot assays in each age group（n=5）. A total of 32 C57 BL/6 female mice of 12 month old were randomly divided into the blank group，the EGCG low-dose group[EGCG-L，50 mg/（kg·d）]，the EGCG medium-dose group[EGCG-M，100 mg/（kg·d）] and the EGCG high-dose group[EGCG-H，200 mg/（kg·d）]. Mice from EGCG intervention groups were treated with EGCG by water for 6 months. The female mice at age of 3-month were chosen as the young group（n=8）. The cTnⅠ and HDAC1 mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR. The protein level of cTnⅠ was determined by Western blot. The binding level of acetylated lysine 9 on histone H3（AcH3K9），HDAC1，transcription factors GATA4 and Mef2c near cTnⅠ’s promoter was identified by CHIP-Q-PCR. Results：During the aging process，both expressive levels of cTnⅠ mRNA and protein of 16-month-old mice[（0.913±0.150），（0.683±0.133）] began decreasing（P=0.002，P=0.003） when compared with 12-month-old mice[（1.483±0.226），（1.127±0.074）]. After EGCG intervention，the HDAC1 expression and the binding level in cTnⅠ’s promoter region in the EGCG-H group[（0.801±0.037），（0.225±0.153）] were lower than those in the blank group[（1.924±0.117），（0.963±0.105）]（P=0.000，P=0.000）. AcH3K9 levels in cTnⅠ’s promoter region and binding levels of GATA4 and Mef2c were （0.392±0.138），（0.404±0.150），（0.347±0.093），respectively. In the EGCG-H group，AcH3K9 levels（0.723±0.208），GATA4（1.051±0.239） and Mef2c（1.129±0.187） binding levels in the proximal promoter region of cTnⅠ gene were increased（P=0.014，P=0.000，P=0.000）. Expressive levels of cTnⅠ mRNA and protein in the EGCG-H group[（0.943±0.114），（1.034±0.058）] were higher than those in the blank group[（0.093±0.033），（0.619±0.179）]（P=0.000，P=0.007）. Conclusion：High dose EGCG can prevent the decline of cTnⅠ in aging mice by inhibiting HDAC1 and elevating AcH3K9.

Abstract:Objective：To study the feasibility of establishing the coronary microembolization in rats with injecting autologous micro thrombus particles by intervention via right common carotid artery. Methods：The 36 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups：24 hours coronary microembolization of model group（n=10），30 days coronary microembolization of model group（n=10），sham group（n=10） and normal group（n=6）. The rats in the coronary microembolization model group received 0.5 mL suspension of micro thrombus particles into the root of aorta by intervention through the right common carotid artery. The sham group rats were injected the same volume of normal saline. The rats of 24 hours model group and 30 days model group were sacrificed on scheduled dates，respectively. The left ventricular anterior and heart apex were cut into the serial sections at the thickness of 5 μm. HE staining and martius-sarlet-blue staining were used to observe the ingredients of the vascular embolus and the number of posi－tive arteries embolization. Hematoxylin-basic-fuchsin-picric staining was used to study the area of myocardial ischemia. Results：The numbers of positive arteries embolization of the 24 h model group[（47.23±6.20）%]，the 30 days model group[（62.88±15.68）%] were significantly higher than that of the sham group[（6.75±5.23）%] in the HE staining（P<0.008）. There was no signifi－cant difference between the sham group and normal group. The amounts of positive arteries embolization of the 24 hours model group[（46.20±10.41）%] and the 30 days model group[（55.30±16.34）%]were significantly higher than that of the sham group[（8.13±8.80）%] in the martius-sarlet-blue staining（P<0.008）. The area of myocardial ischemia in the 24 h model group[（2.46±1.41）%] and the 30 days model group[（6.52±2.22）%] were significantly higher than that of the sham group[（0.05±0.02）%] in the hema－toxylin-basic-fuchsin-picric staining（P<0.017）. Conclusion：The coronary micro-embolization model of the rat can be built success－fully and economically with intervention.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of Rho kinase in fetal rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia（CDH），and to explore the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil on lung vascular remodeling. Methods：Timed-pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into control group（5 rats），CDH group（6 rats） and fasudil intervention group（6 rats）. Nitrofen of 100 mg was given to by gavage CDH and intervention group for establishing CDH models and olive oil of the same dose was given to the control group. At day 16.5 of gestation，fasudil（15 mg/kg，qd，for 3 consecutive days） was given via intraperitoneal injection to the intervention group，while Ns was given to by the same way control and CDH group. All fetal rats were delivered by cesarean in fixed time. The small pulmonary arterial morphologic changes in all groups were analyzed with microscopy. The gene and protein expression of Rho kinase were respec－tively examined by RT-PCR and Western blot；the phosphory－lation of myosin binding subunit（MBS） of myosin phosphatase-a substrate of Rho kinase was detected by Western blot as a marker of the activated kinase. Results：Morphometry investiga－tion showed that the ratio of small pulmonary artery wall thick－ness to vascular external diameter（WT%） and the medium thickness percentage（MT%） were significantly increased in CDH group than those in control group[（26.88±2.41） vs. （13.50±1.45）；（25.59±2.57） vs. （16.47±2.07），P=0.000]. The ratio of small pulmonary vascular lumen area to the total area（LA%） in the CDH group was markedly lower than that in the control group[（39.22±2.23） vs. （61.20±3.23），P=0.000]. However，compared with those in the CDH group，WT% and MT% in the intervention group were significantly lower [（15.38±2.14） vs. （26.88±2.41）；（17.69±1.79） vs. （25.59±2.57），P=0.000] and LA% was higher[（58.67±3.06） vs. （39.22±2.23），P=0.000]. The expression of Rho kinase mRNA and Rho kinase protein was significantly higher in the CDH group than in the control group（P=0.000）. The phosphorylation of MBS was also significantly higher in the CDH group（P=0.000）. Compared with those in the CDH group，expressions of Rho kinase mRNA and protein and the phosphorylation of MBS were significantly reduced in the fasudil intervention group（all P<0.01）. Conclusion：Lung vascular remodeling is confirmed in fetal rats with CDH and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway may be involved in. Prenatal fasudil treatment may obviously improve the lung vascular remodeling in fetal rats with CDH.

Abstract:Objective：To provide advantages for exploration of genetic factors of congenital heart disease（CHD） through collection and analysis of pedigrees. Methods：All the probands of CHD were diagnosed in Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital during January 2009 to June 2014. The family in which more than two members having CHD was adopted，and was analyzed when more detailed in－vestigation of family history and risk factors were obtained. Results：Forty-two families of CHD were adopted in which 91 cases were suffered from CHD. There were 10 monozygotic twins and 2 dizygotic twins in 12 twin families，two pairs of monozygotic twins were found to have different phenotypes，one birth was diagnosed as Tetralogy of Fallot（TOF） and the other was ventricular septal defect （VSD）. Siblings（not including twins） suffering from CHD contain 10 families in which 7 families were diagnosed of complex CHD. The coincidental cardiac phenotype among the first-degree relatives was identified in 15 twins families（15/42，35.71%） and among the second-degree relatives，the number was 2（2/42，4.76%）. ASD ，VSD and TOF is the most in pedigrees of congenital heart disease. Survey found that prevalence of threatened abortion history in pedigrees was higher than that in sporadic CHD，In early pregnancy，20 cases were threatened abortion history in 42 families of CHD and 15 cases were as same as in 110 cases of sporadic CHD（ χ2=11.81，P<0.01），and the abortion was mainly occurred in complex CHD. Conclusion：The collection and analysis of CHD pedigrees show family aggregation. The monozygotic twin cardiac phenotype can be inconsistent. The cardiac phenotype of first-degree and sec－ond-degree relatives is not fully consistent with their probands. The cardiac phenotype of first-degreeand second-degree relatives is not fully consistent with their probands. There is an increased incidence of threatened abortion in early pregnancy in patients with familial CHD when compared with sporadic CHD，and most of the threatened abortions are occurred in complex CHD，which suggests that the occurrence of threatened abortion is pre－dominantly affected by genetic factors. The collection and anal－ysis of prdigrees can provide advantages for exploration of ge－netic factors of CHD.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the interventional diagnosis and treatment of 13 children with hemoptysis and to improve the skills of pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis in children. Methods：The medical records including clinical manifestations，laboratory results，image data and treatments of 13 pediatric patients with hemoptysis given interventional treatment were retrospec－tively reviewed. Results：In 13 patients，including pneumonia（10 cases） and anaemia（9 cases），digital subtraction angiography（DSA） was performed for 21 times，and artery embolization therapy was performed for 14 times. Siderophages were identified in 7 patients. Four patients had massive hemoptysis，and 9 patients had non-massive hemoptysis. Five patients with collateral vessels were identified by ultrasonic cardiogram before interventional diagnosis，and 9 patients were identified by computed tomography angiography（CTA）. Thirty-two abnormal pulmonary vessels were detected by DSA. Twenty-five（78.125%） of them were aberrant bronchial arteries，and seven of （21.875%） them arose from non-bronchial systemic arteries. Conventional treatments，including hemostatic agents，oxygen supplementation，ventilation support and hemoglobin maintaining，were administrated. Fourteen patients required bronchial artery em－bolization（BAE） treatment； the hemoptysis disappeared for all the patients three days after BAE； two of them were detected to have contract leaking to mediastinum，four of them had chest pain，one of them had complication of femoral arterial thrombosis. Conclusion：Echocardiography（UCG） combining CTA plays significant role in screening of pediatric hemoptysis suspecting to be aberrant vessels，and DSA is the golden standard for diagnosis. Occluder em－bolizing aberrant vessels has good effect of hemostasis. Aberrant vessel embolization by occluder has high quality in hemostasis，safety and stability，which is worth popularizing.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the clinical features and intervention therapeutic effects on congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas（PAVFs），and to explore the method and therapeutic principle of transcatheter closure of PAVFs. Methods：The clinic manifestation，efficiency of closure and follow-up of 8 PAVFs children in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed from July 2004 to December 2016. Results：Transcatheter closures of all cases were successful，and there was no significance in mean pulmonary arterial pressure before and after the treatment（P=0.757）. During the follow-up period of 6 months to 10 years，no residual shunts and other complications occurred，and compared to the pre-operation，the significance was existed in oxyhemoglobin saturation and hemoglobin during the last follow-up（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Transcatheter closure treatment is a safe and effective method for congenital PAVFs in children.

Abstract:Objective：To compare plasma atrial natriuretic peptide（ANP） levels in patients with different types of artial fibrillation（AF） and to analyze the related factors. Methods：The clinical data of 35 patients with paroxysmal AF，30 patients with persistent AF and 30 patients without AF were collected in this research. Baseline data，biochemical indicators，and ultrasonic cardiogram indexes were recorded. The correlation between the plasma levels of ANP in patients with different types of AF and the cardiac ultrasound indexes were analyzed. Results：At admission，the ANP levels in AF patients were significantly higher than those insinus rhythm（P<0.05），and positive correlation was observed between ANP level and their heart rates during AF（r=0.386，P=0.000）. For paroxysmal AF patients the level of ANP was significantly higher during AF than sinus rhythm（P=0.001），and positive correlation was observed between ANP level and the duration of AF（r=0.742，P=0.000）. But no correlation was shown between ANP level and the duration of AF in patients with persistent AF（r=0.386，P=0.000）. The LAD，RVDd in persistent AF patients was significantly larger than those of paroxysmal AF patients（P=0.000 vs. P=0.013） and those without AF（P=0.000 vs. P=0.023），and the LAD in paroxysmal AF group was significantly larger than that those without AF（P=0.000）. No correlation was shown between ANP level and ultrasonic cardiogram indexes of AF. Conclusion：The plasma ANP levels in AF patients are high. Notably correlation is shown between heart rates，duration of AF，and plasma ANP level. No correlation is shown between the duration of AF，ultrasonic cardiogram indexes and plasma ANP level.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the security and feasibility of performing bloodless cardiac surgery in children with simple con－genital heart disease（CHD） and mild anemia. Methods：A total of 99 patients，who underwent cardiac surgery in Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from February 2014 to February 2016，diagnosed with CHD and mild anemia preoperatively were enrolled and divided into 2 groups on the basis of perioperative blood transfusion. Eighty-seven patients were performed bloodless surgery and 12 patients were not. Major clinical parameters of postoperative period were compared between 2 groups. Results：No sig－nificant difference in ventilation time，24-hour chest tube drainage volume，ICU retention time，postoperative hospital stay（P=0.85，0.91，0.22，0.84，respectively） was observed between the two groups. Conclusion：For children with simple CHD and mild anemia，it’s proven safe and feasible to conduct bloodless surgery. Hemoglobin optimization could have a not so strict standard to balance the risk of progression of disease and preoperative anemia in transfusion-free surgery although many researchers suggest optimizing hemoglobin level at least to normal value. In addition，accurate assessment of anemia and transfusion indication during pediatric car－diac surgery could further reduce allogenic transfusion and relieve blood shortage.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） combined with angiogenin-2（Ang2） in chronic heart failure（CHF）. Methods：LVEF and angiogenin-2 of 143 patients with chronic heart failure were measured from January 2010 to December 2012. The patients were followed up for one time every 3 months，and the follow-up period was 3 years. Cardiovascular death was considered as the end event. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for death in 3 years. ROC curve was used to analyze the effect of LVEF combined with Ang2 on the prognosis of patients with CHF. Results：The average of the patients was （69.56±6.14） years old. The male patient accounted for 66.43% of all patients（n=95） and 22.38%（n=32） patients died of cardiovascular events during follow-up. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=0.92，95%CI=1.03~1.18，P=0.002），BMI（OR=1.53，95%CI=1.26~1.84，P=0.012），SBP（OR=1.06，95%CI=1.01~1.10，P=0.012），LVEF（OR=0.89，95%CI=0.81~0.94，P=0.001），Lg（BN）（OR=4.83，95%CI=1.75~12.78，P=0.001），Lg（Ang2）（OR=2.29，95%CI=1.03~5.53，P=0.008），Creatinine（OR=2.93，95%CI=1.44~6.12，P=0.012） are the independent risk factors for the prognosis of CHF. ROC analysis showed that LVEF combined with Ang2（auROC=0.847，95%CI=0.770~0.902） has better prognostic value than LVEF（auROC=0.778，95%CI=0.701~0.843） and Ang2（auROC=0.716，95%CI=0.634~0.788），P＜0.001. Conclusion：The combination of LVEF and Ang2 in the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure seems to be a promising and useful clinical tool.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the accuracy of pulmonary artery systolic pressure（PASP） estimated by transthoracic echocardiog－raphy（TTE） using tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient measurements. Methods：A cohort of 91 patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between October 2015 and December 2016 with suspected pulmonary hypertension（PH） were enrolled in the retrospective study. All the patients underwent TTE and right heart catheterization（RHC） ex－aminations. Setting the RHC results as the golden standard，the correlation between two examinations was evaluated using Pearson analytic method. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was drawn in order to analyze the accuracy of TTE and clarified its cut-off value for PH screening. Results：TTE confirmed 67 patients a diagnosis of PH with a diagnostic rate of 73.6%. The mean estimated PASP by TTE and RHC were （73.63±23.96） mmHg and （52.91±3.07） mmHg，respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a moderate correlation between two methods（r=0.734，P=0.000）. Area under the ROC curve was 0.812（P=0.000），indicating the diagnosis accuracy was moderate. The cut-off value for diagnosis of PH was PASP≥62.5 mmHg （sensitivity：70%，specificity：83%） which was higher than current international standard. Conclusion：The evaluation of PASP estimated by TTE using tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient measurements is inaccurate；it is more likely to overestimate the PASP.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the safety and feasibility of high intensity focused ultrasound（HIFU） in the treatment of resistant hypertension. Methods：Totally 40 patients with resistant hypertension underwent the treatment of high intensity focused ultrasound were enrolled. Intraoperative and postoperative adverse effects were recorded；the drop of blood pressure，types of drug used，peak systolic velocity of renal artery and renal function were followed up to 6 months post treatment. Results：①All patients completed HIFU treatment successfully. The major discomforts that patients complained during the procedure was pain in the treatment area，which usually disappeared within 24 hours. Base on the SIR classification，most of adverse effects were classified as A to B；no C to F was found. ②Preoperative and postoperative peak systolic velocity of left and right renal artery had no statistic difference（P=0.635，P=0.688）. The comparison between baseline and 1，6 months of blood urea nitrogen，serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate had no statistic difference（P=0.772，P=0.652，P=0.366）. ③The systolic blood pressure dropped 21.5，23.3，22.4 mmHg（P=0.000），diastolic blood pressure dropped 11.1，12.9，12 mmHg（P=0.000）. 24-hour systolic blood pressure dropped 13.6，15.2，14.3 mmHg（P=0.000），24-hour diastolic blood pressure dropped 5.5，6，4.4 mmHg（P=0.000）；and types of drug dropped 0.8，0.9，1.0（P=0.000） in the later 1，3，6 months. Conclusion：HIFU is safe and feasible in the treatment of resistant hypertension. However，further study about long-term safety and efficacy of HIFU is still needed.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the dietary approaches to stop hypertension（DASH） scores，and to analyze the relationship between DASH scores and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly hypertensive patients in Chongqing. Methods：Two districts were randomly selected from nine urban districts in Chongqing City. In each district，one community health service station was randomly selected as study site. All the hypertensive who visited those two health service stations during the time from April to June in 2016 were inves－tigated by questionnaire. The data of physical examination and laboratory test were collected. Results：Totally 435 patients completed this survey with median DASH scores of 5.0 points（the scores ranges from 2 to 8 points and the total scores was 10 points）. The max－imum scores’ proportion of the items in fruit，milk and nuts were 1.6%，1.6% and 2.5%，respectively，among the patients. ANOVA analysis showed that the level of systolic blood pressure（SBP），diastolic blood pressure（DBP），total cholesterol （TC），triglyceride（TG），and low density lipoprotein-cholester（LDL-C） were significantly different in patients with different subgroups of DASH scores（all P<0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that DASH scores was negatively correlated with SBP，DBP，TC，TG，LDL-C，BMI，WC（r=-0.175，-0.323，-0.532，-0.521，-0.483，-0.169，-0.360，respectively，all P<0.001），whereas DASH scores and high density lipoprotein-cholester（HDL-C） were positively cor－related（r=0.108，P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of DBP，TC，TG，LDL-C，HDL-C，WC were closely related to DASH scores（all P<0.05）. Conclusion：Elderly hypertensive patients in Chongqing have poor DASH scores. The DASH scores are significantly correlated with the level of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Improving DASH scores can reduce the level of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. DASH interventions should be strengthened to change the dietary pattern of hypertensive pa－tients，and to reduce the cardiovascular risk.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the influences of hydroquinone（HQ） on methylation level of WRN gene and expression of DNMT1 gene in K562 cells. Methods：The low dose HQ group，middle dose HQ group andhigh dose HQ group were treated with 15 μmol/L，30 μmol/L，60 μmol/L hydroquinone for 72h at intervals and repeatedly，while the blank control group cells were cultured with PBS. The survival rate of each experimental group was detected by MTT assay. The methylation level of WRN gene was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR（BSP）. The protein expression of DNMT1 gene was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of DNMT1 gene were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results：①The results of MTT showed that the cell viability decreased with the increasing of HQ concentration（P=0.000）. ②Compared with the that of control group，the difference of the methylation rates of low dose HQ group，middle dose HQ group，high dose HQ group，was statistically significant（ χ2=7.50，P=0.048）. ③Compared with that of the control group，the relative expression of mRNA and protein of DNMT1 of each HQ group decreased（P=0.000）. Conclusion：HQ can increase the methylation level of WRN gene and down-regulated the expression of DNMT1 gene in K562 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of external magnetic field on MR imaging of ovarian tumor in nude mice bearing tumor in vivo by SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. Methods：The concentration of probe injection was set as iron 18 mg/kg，and the scanning time was 27 h after probe injection. BALB/c mice of 30 were randomly divided into 3 groups，namely magnetic transfection group （experimental group），SPIO-shRNA group（negative control group），nude mice bearing cancer group（control group）. Sample capacity of each group was 10 and the experimental group was magnetic transfected before scan. Changes of signal intensity in tumor tissue and adjacent muscle tissue were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）. The nude mice were killed after that treatment，tumor and muscle tissues were sampled for HE and prussian blue stain and observed under optical microscope. Results：The difference of tumor tissue signal intensity of T1WI sequence among three groups was not statistically significant（F=2.623，P=0.091） and the differ－ence of muscle tissue signal intensity in each group was not statistically significant（F=0.434，P=0.652）. Compared with those in the control group，the tumor tissue signal intensity of T2WI and T2* sequence in the experimental group and the negative control group were decreased，with statistically significant differences（P=0.000），and compared with that in the negative control group，it was more significantly in experimental group with statistically significant differences（P=0.000）. Compared with that in the other groups，the T2* sequence of muscle tissue signal intensity in the experimental group was relatively lower，with statistically significant difference（P=0.000）. HE staining showed that structure of tumor tissue was abnormal and nuclear atypia was increased；prussian blue staining showed that blue-stained iron particles existed in both experimental group and negative control group，with more in the experimental group. Conclusion：The external magnetic field can induce SPI－O-shRNA molecular probes target to ovarian tumor tissues and increase the effective concentration of tumor tissue absorption.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effects of miR-629-5p on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells and to identify its target gene. Methods：Quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR） was used to detect the expression of miR-629-5p in 16 gastric cancer tis－sues and 3 gastric cancer cell lines. The cell experiment was divided into two groups：the experimental group（IN） and control group （NC）. Transfecting miR-629-5p inhibitor was used to down-regulate the miR-629-5p expression of MKN-45.CCK-8 assay and plate cloning assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell chamber assay and wound healing assay was used to detect invasion and migration of MKN-45，and flow cytometry assay was used to detect apoptosis of MKN-45. MiRWalk2.0 was used to predict target genes of miR-629-5p，and Western blot was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial translational release factor 1 like（MTRF1L） in MKN-45. Results：The expression of miR-629-5p was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues[2.081（0.231，7.216）] compared with that of paired normal gastric tissue[1.574（0.197，4.503）]（P=0.003）. The expression of miR-629-5p was sig－nificantly increased in gastric cancer cell lines（MKN-28：3.040±0.506；MKN-45：5.924±0.403；SCG-7901：3.377±0.372） compared with that of GES-1（1.017±0.226）（P=0.003）. After down-regulation of miR-629-5p expression，the proliferation of MKN-45 slowed down（IN：64±12；NC：102±12；P=0.018），the abilities of mi－gration（IN：106±9；NC：194±29；P=0.008） and invasion（IN：25±7；NC：60±9；P=0.007） decreased，and the number of apoptotic cells increased[IN：（19.257±2.440）%；NC：11.687±2.237；P=0.017]. There were 46 target genes predicted by miR-629-5p，one of which is MTRF1L. The down-regulation of miR-629-5p increased the expression of MTRF1L（IN：0.923±0.101；NC：0.556±0.026；P=0.004）. Conclusion：The expression of miR-629-5p is up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-629-5p can promote the proliferation，enhance the migration and invasion abilities，and inhibit the apoptosis of MKN-45. MTRF1L may be one of miR-629-5 target genes.

Abstract:Objective：To study the expression characteristics of Placenta-specific 8 like 1（Plac8l1） in mouse testicular tissue，and to reveal its possible function during spermatogenesis. Methods：The candidate gene Plac8l1 was preliminary screened to be specific ex－pression in testis by bioinformatics methods，and it is speculated that the gene was related to the spermatogenesis. Besides，semi quantitative RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were used to investigate the tissue specificity of plac8l and the temporal and spatial characteristics of the process of spermatogenesis，while in situ hybridization was used to preliminarily study the expression characteristics of Plac8l1 mRNA in the testis of adult mouse. Finally，the subcellular localization was studied and its functional was pre－dicted by constructing PLAC8L1-EGFP recombinant protein particle and bioinformatics analysis. Results：①The results of preliminary bioinformatics showed that Plac8l1 is one of gene for specific transcription. ②Semi-quantitative and quantitative real-time RT-PCR indicated that Plac8l1 only transcript in adult mice testis and epididymis，and testicular expression level was significantly higher than epididymis. ③As the mouse matured，the Plac8l1 transcription level in testis increased gradually. ④RNA in situ hybridization showed that mRNA was mainly positioned in ledig cell and sperm mother cell in mature mouse testis. ⑤Bioinformatics analysis showed that PLAC8L1 also had a function domain similar to the PLAC8 and the over expression of recombinant proteins showed that protein aggregated in the cell membrane. Conclusion：Plac8l1 is a testis specific gene，and is very likely to associate with spermatocyte differ－entiation in the process of spermatogenesis. PLAC8L1 has a cystine which riches in PLAC8 domain，and the domain may mediate PLAC8L1 to aggregate in cell membrane and interact with other protein and play an important role in spermatocyte differentiation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of parthenolide（PTL） on the proliferation and apoptpsis of human proliferation and apoptosis of human small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 and its mechanisms. Methods：Cell line provided by the cell library of Wuhan University. PTL was bought in company of gene operation. NCI-H446 cells were divided into control group and treatment group（1.5 μg/mL，2.0 μg/mL，2.5 μg/mL，3.0 μg/mL）. Treatment group were treated with different concentrations of PTL by adding corresponding concentration of PTL into culture medium，while control group was added equal volume culture medium without fetal calf serum. The cellular proliferative activity was determined by MTT assay. Morphologic changes were observed by fluorescence mi－croscope. The apoptosis rates of cell were examined by flow cytometry. The expression of NF-κB，Caspase-3，Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 genes of NCI-H446 cells was detected by RT-PCR assay. The expression of NF-κB，Caspase-3，Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 proteins of NCI-H446 cells was evaluated by Western blot. Results：Parthenolide inhibited the proliferation of NCI-H446 cells in a dose-de－pendent manner. Fluorescent microscopy showed that the number of NCI-H446 cells was reduced under Hoechst 33258 staining；the nucleus pycnosis fracture and apoptotic bodies were observed. Flow cytometry showed that the cell apoptosis rate was positively cor－related with the concentration of PTL，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Compared with those of control group，RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that the expressions of mRNA and protein of NF-κB in NCI-H446 cells were reduced，at the same time，the expressions of Caspase-3，-8，-9 mRNA and proteins were increased with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion：PTL could repress cellular proliferation activity and induce apoptosis of NCI-H446 cells. The mechanisms could relate to inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway and acti－vation of caspases system.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the global miRNA expression profiles and chromosome distribution characteristics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMC） of children with Down syndrome（DS） and without DS. Methods：Illumina deep sequencing technol－ogy was used to analyze the global miRNA expression profiles and chromosome distribution in 6 pairs of PBMC samples from DS children（DS group） and non-DS children（control group）. Stem-loop qRT-PCR was employed to verify the results of Illumina deep sequencing technology. Results：There were 911 miRNAs expressed that were encoded by 738 miRNA genes，which had the same chromosome distribution in both groups. However，the expressive abundance of chromosome distribution was different：DS group was mainly scattered in 7，13 and 21 chromosomes，while the control group was majorly scattered in 7 and 13 chromosomes. Furthermore，114 of 911 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in both groups（difference multiple≥2，P<0.001）. In the DS group，11 miRNAs were low expression and 103 miRNAs were high expression，including 5 miRNAs encoded by 21 chromosome（miR-99a，let-7c，miR-125b，miR-155，miR-802）. Conclusion：PBMCs of DS children have specific miRNA expression profiles and chromosome distribution characteristics. Differences of expressive abundance of miRNAs encoded by the chromosome may be associated with clin－ical symptoms in DS patients，such as immune deficiency.

Abstract:Objective：To research the effect of methylene blue（MB） pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion（I/R） injury in rats and its possibly mechanism. Methods：Sixty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups（n=16）：sham group（group S），methylene blue control group （group S+M），focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group（group I/R），methy－lene blue pretreatment group （group I/R+M）. The rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurological deficit scores were performed with Longa’s scale at 5 min before reperfusion and at 24 h after reperfusion. The pathological changes in pallium of ischemic area were observed by HE staining. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） in ischemic brain tissue were measured by chemiluminescent. The expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2） and heme oxygenase 1（HO-1） in ischemic brain tissue were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Results：The neurological deficit scores，the cerebral infarct volume and the infarct volume fraction，the content of ROS，the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were all obviously higher in group I/R and I/R+M than in group S and S+M respectively（P<0.01）. The neurological deficit scores，the cerebral infarct volume and the infarct volume fraction，the content of ROS were all obviously lower in group I/R+M than in group I/R（P<0.01）. The expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were obviously increased in group I/R+M than in group I/R（P<0.01）. The pathological changes in pallium of ischemic area were significantly ameliorated in group I/R+M than in group I/R. The difference between group S and group S+M was not statistical significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion：The pretreatment of methylene blue can improve the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats，which might be related to upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1，reduce the content of ROS in brain，produce antiox－idant stress.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of autophagy on the hypoxia-induced apoptosis in human renal proximal tubular cells（HK-2）. Methods：Human proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured in vitro were divided into the control group（21%O2） and hypoxia group（1%O2），based on the oxygen concentration. HK-2 cells cultured in hypoxia condition were then divided into 6 h hypoxia sub－group，12 h hypoxia subgroup，18 h hypoxia subgroup and 24 h hypoxia subgroup. The expression of autophagy-related proteins，Beclin1，LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ，P62 and apoptosis-related protein，activated cleaved-caspase 3 were detected by Western blot analysis，and the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. HK-2 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3 were induced by hypoxia for 18 hours，and the alteration of LC3 autophagosomes was examined by immunofluorescence（IF） assay. Then HK-2 cells were co-treated with hypoxia and autophagy inducer rapamycin or autophagy inhibitor Bafi-lomycin A1，and they were divided into normoxia control group，nor－moxia plus rapamycin/ Bafilomycin A1 group，hypoxia control group，hypoxia plus rapamycin/Bafilomycin A1 group. The expression of Beclin1，LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ，P62 and cleaved-caspase3 were detected by Western blot analysis，while the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. Results：Compared with the control group（0.161±0.043），the cleaved-caspase3 expression in 12 h[（0.315±0.060），P=0.019]，18 h[（0.586±0.063），P=0.000] and 24 h hypoxia subgroup[（0.698±0.085），P=0.000] increased significantly. The apopto－sis of HK-2 cells in 12 h[（23.633±5.346）%]，18 h[（25.200±4.782）%] and 24 h hypoxia subgroup[（38.567±8.046）%] increased significantly as compared with the control group[（11.800±3.966）%]（P=0.036，P=0.021，P=0.000）. The Beclin1 expression in 18 h[（0.557±0.071），P=0.001] and 24 h hypoxia subgroup[（0.897±0.074），P=0.000] were higher than that in the control group（0.249±0.04）. The LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ expression in 6 h[（1.795±0.143），P=0.036]，12 h[（2.873±0.078），P=0.000]，18 h[（3.029±0.089），P=0.000] and 24 h hypoxia subgroup[（3.735±0.059），P=0.000] were higher than that in the control group（1.322±0.191）. The P62 ex－pression in 6 h[（0.776±0.061），P=0.028]，12 h[（0.602±0.119），P=0.001]，18 h[（0.419± 0.117），P=0.000] and 24 h hypoxia subgroup[（0.384±0.068），P=0.000] were lower than that in the control group（0.957±0.035）. The counting value of GFP-LC3 puncta in HK-2 cells in hypoxia group（40.667±6.028） was obviously more than that in the control group（18.667±5.508）（P=0.010）. We also found that the treatment of the autophagy inducer rapamycin significantly reduced the hypoxia-induced apoptosis[（26.433±3.402），P=0.012] and cleaved-caspase3 expression[（0.265±0.066），P=0.000] of HK-2 cells compared with that in the hypoxia control group[（36.133±5.856），（0.358±0.060）]，while the treatment of the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 significantly increased the hypox－ia-induced apoptosis[（49.233±3.412），P=0.000] and cleaved-caspase3 expression[（1.242±0.110），P=0.000] of HK-2 cells as com－pared to the hypoxia control group[（25.933±3.650），（0.659±0.060）]. Conclusion：Autophagy protects against the hypoxia- induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effect of restraint stress on the inflammation changes of atopic dermatitis animal model. Methods： Twenty eight 6 to 8 weeks’ female BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups：DNCB-induced model restraint stress group，DNCB-in－duced model restraint stress control group，acetone-induced model restraint stress group and acetone-induced model restraint stress control group. At the 14th day，mice were sacrificed and dermal infiltrated inflammatory cells and mRNA levels of inflammatory cy－tokines of skin lesions were analyzed by microscope histopathology and Q-PCR respectively. Results：In DNCB-induced model re－straint stress control group，the numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells in dermal were significantly lower than DNCB-induced model restraint stress group（42.710±3.944） vs. （26.000±2.410）（P<0.01）. The mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly elevated in DNCB-induced model restraint stress group. Conclusion：Restraint stress might accelerate the inflammatory response of atopic der－matitis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate and compare the biological characteristics of urine-derived stem cells（USCs） from paediatrics patients with primary nephrotic syndrom（p-USCs） and normal children. Methods：The clean midstream urine was collected from nor－mal children and paediatrics patients with simple primary nephrotic syndrome. USCs and p-USCs were cultured and their morphology features were observed by optical microscopy. The cell reproductive capacity was detected by CCK-8； apoptosis difference and stem cells’ surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometery（CD24，CD29，CD34，CD73，CD90，CD105，CD146）；kidney markers（Pax2） was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot；autophagy levels was detected by Western blot. Results：Two types of cells were found in p-USCs：p-USCs Ⅰ and p-USCs Ⅱ. p-USCs Ⅰ had the same morphology with USCs：rice-like，small cell body and closely arranged. p-USCs Ⅱ had bigger cell body，small vacuoles and was dispersedly arranged. The largest passage of USCs，p-USCsⅠ and p-USCs Ⅱ were 11，8 and 5 respectively. Compared with those of USCs，the proliferation of p-USCs was decreased，p-USCs Ⅱ in particular（F=217.300，P=0.000）；no statistic difference in the apoptotic rate and expression of stem cell surface markers show was observed between USCs and p-USCs. Compared with those of USCs，the expression of Pax2 was decreased in p-USCs，but only p-USCs Ⅱ had statistic differences（F=26.930，P=0.001）. The autophagy level was lower in p-USCs than in USCs（F=15.060，P=0.000）. Conclusion：There were two types of p-USCs in peadiatric patients with simple primary nephrotic syndrome，namely p-USCs Ⅰ and p-USCs Ⅱ. Compared with USCs，the p-USCs has different mor－phological features，lower proliferation，Pax2 expression and au－tophagy level.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the relationship between the esthetic profile and the sagittal distance between the upper incisor（UI） and the anterior nasal spine（ANS） to provide the basis for repositioning UI. Methods：The position of the ANS in 53 patients，besides the distance from the ANS to the pterygomaxillary fissure（Ptm） and the angle of the ANS-Ptm line between the true horizontal （HOR） were evaluated before and after orthodontic treatment. Experienced orthodontists evaluated photographs of males and females who had completed orthodontic treatment，and selected the most attractive photographs. With the help of visual treatment objective（VTO） in Dolphin，move UI on the HOR and these photographs were edited to simulate the profiles at different sagittal UI-ANS distances on the HOR，as perceived by orthodontists and laypersons. Results：The distance of ANS-Ptm in pretreatment was （50.67±0.96） mm，and in posttreatment was （50.61±0.45） mm. The angle of the ANS-Ptm line between HOR in pretreatment was 4.37°±0.53°，and in postpretreatment was 4.75°±0.53°. No significant differences were found for the ANS-Ptm distances and the angle between the ANS-Ptm and HOR during orthodontic treatment（P>0.05）. For male profile，orthodontists gave the highest evaluation to the change of sagit－tal UI-ANS distance at （0 mm），and laypersons gave the highest evaluation to （-1 mm）（P<0.05）. For female profile，orthodontists and laypersons gave the highest evaluation to the change of sagittal UI-ANS distance at （0 mm）（P<0.05）. Conclusion：No change in the position of ANS occurs during the orthodontic treatment. The attractiveness of profiles is closely related to the sagittal UI-ANS distance for males and females.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the role of neutrophil elastase（NE） and matrix metalloproteinase 12（MMP-12） in the pathogenesis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）. Methods：Surgically resected lung specimens from 60 patients with lung cancer were collected and divided into non COPD group（A group，30 cases） and COPD patients（B group，30 cases）. Pulmonary function indexes（FEV1%，FEV1/FVC%） were detected in all patients before operation. The expressions of NE and MMP-12 in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results：The protein expression of NE and MMP-12 in B group was signif－icantly higher than those in A group（P<0.05）. The expression of NE in B group was negatively correlated with FEV1%，FEV1/ FVC%（r=-0.474，-0.364；P<0.05，respectively），and the expression of MMP-12 in B group was also correlated with FEV1%，FEV1/FVC%（r=-0.409，-0.791，P<0.05，respectively）. Conclusion：The over-expression of MMP-12 and NE in lung tissue associated with lung function index. MMP-12 and NE may be involved in the airway inflammation，and play important role in the airway obstruction of COPD.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze drug resistance of anaerobic infections and risk factors for mortality of anaerobic bacteremia. Methods：In this hospital，239 patients with anaerobic infection were collected from January 2012 to July 2017，and were divided into two groups according to whether they were bacteremia，including 105 cases of bacteremia，and 134 cases of non-bacteremia. Sex，age，type of infection，underlying diseases，empirical antibiotic treatment and other clinical datas were collected. Risk factors for mortality of anaerobic bacteremia were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The minimal inhibitory concen－trations（MICs） were determined by agar dilution method. Antibiotic resistance genes（cepA，ermF，cifA，nim） were amplified by PCR. Results：A total of 239 patients with anaerobic infections were enrolled including 105 cases of bacteremia and 134 cases of non-bac－teremia. The sensitive rates to imipenem，piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole were more than 90.00%. Among 105 patients with bacteremia，21 died，accounting for 20%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=1.080，95%CI=1.033 to 1.129，P=0.001） and hematological malignancy（OR=42.899，95%CI=3.206 to 574.038，P=0.005） were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion：Imipenem，piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole have good in vitro activity against anaerobes. The mortal－ity of anaerobic infections is high. Age and hematological malignancies suggest poor prognosis. Therefore，early identification and active treatment are necessory.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ranolazine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 （T2DM）. Methods：CENTRAL，Medline，EMbase，CNKI，VIP，CBM，Wanfang database，WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. The quality of included randomized controlled trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration system review，and then Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2. Results：A total of 7 randomized controlled trials（RCTs） were enrolled in－cluding 3 131 patients. Meta-analysis showed that ranolazine（1 000 mg bid） monotherapy compared with placebo resulted in a signif－icant reduction in HbA1c（MD=-0.55，95%CI=-0.73 to -0.37，P=0.000），in FPG（SMD=-0.19，95%CI=-0.37 to -0.01，P=0.04），in 2hPG（SMD=-0.34，95%CI=-0.53 to -0.15，P=0.000 5）. As an add-on interaction with antidiabetes compared with placebo，ranolazine（1 000 mg bid） resulted in a significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin（HbA1c）（MD=-0.47，95%CI=-0.62 to -0.32，P=0.000），a similar reduction in fasting blood-glucose （FPG）（SMD=-0.00，95%CI=-0.21 to 0.20，P=0.97），in postprandial 2 hours blood glucose（2hPG）（SMD=-0.12，95%CI=-0.33 to 0.09，P=0.28），ranolazine（750 mg bid） resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c（MD=-0.48，95%CI=-0.85 to -0.11，P=0.01），a similar reduction in FPG（SMD=0.11，95%CI=-0.26 to 0.48，P=0.57）. When add-on to antidiabetes ranolazine（500 mg bid） compared with trimetazidine elicited a similar reduction in HbA1c（MD=-0.30，95%CI=-1.35 to 0.75，P=0.58），in FPG（SMD=-0.36，95%CI=-0.94 to 0.22，P=0.22），in 2hPG（SMD=0.15，95%CI=-0.42 to -0.73，P=0.60）. Ranolazine didn’t increase the risk of hypoglycemia（RR=1.24，95%CI=0.80 to 1.93，P=0.34）. Conclusion：Ranolazine can effectively reduce HbA1c level by inhibiting glucagon secretion and safe for adults with T2DM.

Abstract:Objective：to explore the way of Hp involvement in inflammation by analyzing the relationship between Hp infection and total white blood cell count and classification. Methods：Totally 7 665 patients were randomly selected from the health examination in 2016. All the subjects were tested by 13C urea expiratory test. According to the test results，the subjects were divided into 13C positive group（n=2 737） and 13C negative group（n=4 928），and the blood routine of all included subjects was also detected to explore the ap－plication of restricted cubic spline（RCS） in nonlinear regression. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the nonlinear relation－ship between age and 13C positive，chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to analyze differences of total white blood cell count and classification among groups. Results：Compared with those of subjects in the 13C negative group，the total white blood cells，the absolute value of neutrophils，the absolute value of lymphocytes and the absolute value of monocytes（P<0.05） were signifi－cantly higher in the 13C positive group. When delta over baseline（DOB） value was between 4 to 20，the age had significant effects on 13C positive（P=0.000），in which the women reached a peak at the age of 40 to 50，and men in their 60 years，but gender comparison between the two groups has no statistical significance（P>0.05）. Further analysis found that age was a risk factor for Hp infection（OR=1.012，95%CI=1.008 to 1.017）. Conclusion：Hp may participate in inflammatory response by activating neutrophils，lymphocytes and monocytes. Hp infection is not related to gender，and it has a parabolic relationship with age，and most importantly.

Abstract:Objective：To study the clinicopathological characteristics，immunopheno-types，diagnosis and differential diagnosis of vagi－nal endometrial stromal sarcoma. Methods：A retrospective analysis of one case of low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma in the vagi－na was conducted and，was followed up 5 years later with the clinical pathological features of local recurrence cases combing with the review of literature at home and abroad. Results：The histological morphology and immunohistochemistry of local recurrence after 5 years of the low level endometrial sarcoma of the vagina were consistent with 5 years ago. There are few cases of endometrial sarcoma in the vagina，and 14 cases have been reported in both Chinese and English. So far，no local recurrence case has been reported. Conclusion：Although the primary vaginal endometrial stromal sarcoma is low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma（LGESS），the tumor may still relapse after a few years of resection，and it is suggested that patients with this disease should be followed up for a long time.