Abstract:Klotho gene is a widely expressed anti-aging gene，with functions of anti-inflammatory，anti-oxidation，anti-apoptosis，etc. In recent years，studies have shown that decreased level of Klotho expression is associated with pathologic progression of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy，which can be improved by overexpressing Klotho or adding exogenous Klotho protein. Moreover，Klotho may have an effect on vasculopathy in patients with T2DM by endothelin-1. Therefore，Klotho may become an important therapeutic target for diabetes.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role of Pyrin in macrophage M1 polarization. Methods：THP-1 cells were cultured and periph－eral blood mononuclear cell（PBMC），bone marrow-derived macrophage（BMDM） were extracted. These three kinds of cells were ran－domly divided into control group and treatment group. Treatment group was treated with lipopolysaccharide（LPS，100 ng/mL） and in－terferon-γ（IFN-γ，20 ng/mL） to construct macrophage M1 polarization models（THP-1 for 18 h，PBMC and BMDM for 24 h）. qRT-PCR，Western blot and flow cytometry（FCM） were used to test the markers of M1 polarization，qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to test the expression of MEFV and Pyrin. Results：Compared with those of control group，qRT-PCR detection of THP-1-M1 polarization markers：TNF-α（t=-4.360，P=0.007），IL-1β（t=-8.329，P=0.000），IL-6（t=-2.924，P=0.033），CD14（t=-2.858，P=0.035），CD80（t=-3.433，P=0.019） and Western blot detection of THP-1-M1 polarization markers：TNF-α（t= -3.827，P=0.031），IL-1β（t=-4.189，P=0.025），IL-6（t=-5.345，P=0.002） were significantly increased after the treatment with LPS and IFN-γ. The mRNA levels of TNF-α（t=-2.893，P=0.034），IL-1β（t=-3.606，P=0.015），IL-6（t=-2.895，P=0.034），CD14（t=-2.645，P=0.046），CD80（t=-3.648，P=0.015） of PBMC-M1 polarization markers and the mRNA levels of TNF-α（t=-6.123，P=0.002），IL-1β（t=-2.697，P=0.043），MCP-1（t=-4.335，P=0.007），iNOS（t=-3.607，P=0.015） of BMDM-M1 polarization markers were signifi－cant higher after the treatment with LPS and IFN-γ. Treatment group displayed higher positive cells of THP-1-M1 polarization marker HLA-DR（t=-3.270，P=0.017） and BMDM-M1 polarization marker F4/80+CD11c+（t=-3.833，P=0.009） than control group. These results suggested that the M1 polarization models were constructed successfully. In these three M1 polarization models，qRT-PCR and Western blot detection of MEFV（t=-3.226，P=0.023） and Pyrin（t=-8.591，P=0.000） of THP-1-M1 macrophages were significantly increased. The mRNA level of MEFV of PBMC-M1 macrphages（t=-2.989，P=0.030） and BMDM-M1 macrophages（t=-2.891，P=0.034） were significant higher than control group. Conclusion：The expressions of Pyrin increase in macrophage M1 polariza－tion；Pyrin maybe related to macrophage M1 polarization.

Abstract:Objective：To explore whether there is a hyperglycemia metabolic memory in late endothelial progenitor cells（EPCs） from human peripheral blood. Methods：Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMC） were separated by density gradient centrifugation. Then PBMC was induced and cultivated for two weeks to late EPCs. Immunochemical staining was used to identify cultured cells. MTT was used to explore the gradient of concentration and time of high glucose. Cells were divided into three groups，namely：normal glucose group（NG，5.5 mmol/L treatment for 6 d），high glucose group（HG，30 mmol/L treatment for 6 d），hyperglycemia memory group（MG，30 mmol/L treatment for 6 d then 5.5 mmol/L treatment for 6 d）. Adhesion test，MTT，EdU experiments，Transwell chamber，angiopoiesis experiments were used to measure the ability of adhesion，proliferation，migration，tube formation respectively. Results：The adhesion results showed that the adhesion ability was lower in high glucose（38.296±6.615） group and hyperglycemia memory group（37.815±6.196） than in normal glucose group（63.370±10.363）（P<0.05）. MTT analysis showed that the proliferation ability was lower in high glucose（79.041±19.678） group and hyperglycemia memory group（81.524±6.710） than in normal glucose group（100.000±0.000）（P<0.05）. EdU analysis showed that the proliferation ability was lower in high glucose（45.809±7.945） group and hyperglycemia memory group（37.740±8.206） than in normal glucose group（88.858±5.727）（P<0.05）. The migration results showed that the migration ability was lower in high glucose（25.111±6.051） group and hyperglycemia memory group（25.778±6.037） than in normal glucose group（64.889±10.729）（P<0.05）. The tube formation results showed that the tube formation ability was lower in high glucose（12.690±3.616） group and hyperglycemia memory group（14.198±4.073） than in normal glucose group（64.407±6.358）（P<0.05）. Compared with those of high glucose group，the adhesion，proliferation，migration，tube formation of hyperglycemia memory group was still not improved（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Late EPCs exist hyperglycemia metabolic memory.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the development process of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） and its research hotspots and frontiers of research. Methods：The web of science was searched for articles published during 2008-2015 and studies related to the pathogenesis of T2DM were selected. Data were analyzed by CiteSpasce Ⅲ. Results：In recent years，study on pathogenesis of T2DM shows a developing trend obviously. Core academic groups are mainly distributed in the United States，China，Japan，England，Germany and other countries with high prevalence. Focus of the study revolves around insulin resistance and islet cell function dis－order，including genetic susceptibility，obesity，inflammation，gut microbiota disruption，and diabetes complications. Conclusion：In countries with high prevalence of T2DM，the mechanism research have been attached great importance. And in recently，the insulin resistance induced by different pathways is the core content in the fields of mechanism study.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical features of primary aldosteronism associate with rhabdomyolysis and to guide the diag－nosis and treatment of the disease. Methods：The presentation and symptoms of the two patients in our hospital were described and the relevant literature was reviewed. A thorough literature search disclosed 19 further cases of rhabdomyolysis due to undiagnosed pri－mary aldosteronism. Results：All patients had a history of hypertension，including fatigue，myalgia，hypokalemia and high muscle en－zymes，and there were a small number of patients who had abnormal myoglobinuria，acute renal failure and abnormal liver enzyme. Rhabdomyolysis was cured by a large amount of fluid and urine alkalization. All patients were restored to normal blood pressure and normal serum potassium levels after drug or adrenal surgical interventions. Conclusion：For the high risk population of primary aldos－teronism，early screening should be conducted to prevent disease progression and serious complications such as rhabdomyolysis，and for patients with dignosed primary aldosteronism whose serum potassium is lower than 2.0 mmol/L，rhabdomyolysis should be alerted. Primary aldosteronism patients with rhabdomyolysis should actively receive symptomatic treatment and cure the primary disease.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the changes of serum testosterone levels of elderly male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients complicated with osteoporosis and its correlation with the severity of the disease. Methods：Totally 117 COPD patients and 40 non-COPD patients who were admitted to hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 were rolled into this study. According to the bone mineral density（BMD） and severity of illness，the patients were divided into different groups. The serum levels of testos－terone were compared. And the correlation of serum testosterone with the index of the severity was analyzed. Results：The serum testosterone level in COPD patients was significantly lower than that of non-COPD patients（P<0.05）. In the COPD patients，the serum testosterone level in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that of normal bone mass group and low bone mass group，and that of low bone mass group was significantly lower than normal bone mass group（P<0.05）. With the aggravation of COPD，the serum testosterone level decreased significantly（P<0.05）. The serum testosterone level was positively correlated with FEV1/FVC（r=-0.267，P=0.011），FEV1% Pre（r=-0.291，P=0.009），and negatively correlated with smoking index（r=0.405，P=0.005），BMI（r=-0.304，P=0.006），CAT score（r=-0.583，P=0.000），lumbar spine BMD（r=-0.611，P=0.000） and femoral neck BMD（r=-0.382，P=0.002）. Conclusion：The serum testosterone level is significantly de－creased in COPD patients complicated with osteoporosis and is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. Detection of testosterone levels would help to the assessment of the sever－ity of disease.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the efforts towards personalizing delivery of care based on the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1，BRCA1，TYMS，RRM1 and TUBB3 by choosing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 30 ⅢA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer（NSCLC） pa－tients. Methods：Postoperative samples from 30 ⅢA-N2 NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. mRNA expressions of ERCC1，BRCA1，TYMS，RRM1 and TUBB3 were detected by using branched DNA-liquidchip technology（bDNA-LCT）. Results：The total expressions of 5 genotypes from low to high were detected. Correlations were observed between most of these gene expression levels（P<0.05）. All patients were treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemo-therapy. ERCC1 and TUBB3 mRNA expressions were associated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy（P<0.05）；lower expression can predict better response. Among these 24 patients treated with antimicrotubules/platinum based chemotherapy，the mRNA expression levels of RRM1 and TUBB3 could be used to predict the treatment outcomes of chemotherapy（P<0.05）. Conclusion：A clear correlation exists between many genes mRNA expression in NSCLC. The mRNA expression levels of many genes could be detected as predictors of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate circulating betatrophin levels in females with polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） and its correla－tion with insulin resistance（IR）. Methods：Forty-four women with PCOS and thirty-five healthy women were recruited in a cross-sec－tional study. Serum concentrations of betatrophin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The correlation of betatrophin with IR and metabolic parameters was also analyzed. Then twenty-seven PCOS patients were studied longitudinally after three mouths of metformin and rosiglitazone sodium treatment. Results：Serum betatrophin levels were lower in PCOS patients than in healthy control subjects（0.43±0.15） ng/mL vs. （1.17±0.57） ng/mL，P=0.000. Serum betatrophin negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose（FPG），2h postprandial plasma glucose（2hPG），fasting insulin（FINS），homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance（HOMA-IR），high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP），even after controlling for age and body mass index（BMI） in PCOS par－ticipants（r=-0.331，r=-0.372，r=-0.311，r=-0.337，r=-0.338，all P<0.05）. Moreover，stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was independently related to betatrophin in PCOS subjects（P<0.05）. After rosiglitazone sodium and metformin treatment，PCOS patients showed higher betatrophin concentrations than its baseline levels（0.87±0.51） ng/mL vs. （0.42±0.17） ng/mL，P=0.000. Conclusion：Circulating betatrophin levels are de－creased in patients with PCOS，and associated with IR.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between serum Zinc-α2-glycoproteins（ZAG） level and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Methods：Ninety newly diagnosed T2DM patients and eighty-seven healthy people were enrolled in the study. General clinical indices were recorded and fasting serum samples were collected from all subjects，serum lipids levels were mea－sured by enzymatic methods. Serum ZAG level was measured by ELISA. The relationship between ZAG and serum lipids were ana－lyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results：The level of serum ZAG in patients with T2DM was lower than that of control group[（59.69±12.97） vs. （36.07±12.15） mg/L，P=0.000]，the level of fasting serum ZAG was lower in both non overweight T2DM group and overweight group[（60.95±13.05） vs. （38.93±10.59） mg/L，P=0.000；（56.36±12.42） vs. （33.78±12.92） mg/L，P=0.000]. The fasting serum ZAG level was correlated with HDL-C（r=0.345，P=0.001），BMI（r=-0.330，P=0.002），HOMA-IR（r=-0.290，P=0.006） in T2DM group，and serum ZAG levelin HDL-C≥1.04 group were higher than that of HDL-C＜1.04 group by hierarchical analysis with the cut-off value of HDL-C=1.04 mmol/L[（38.01±12.62） vs. （30.75±9.00） mg/L，P=0.011]；Whereas the fasting serum ZAG level was positively correlated with TC in control group（r=0.292，P=0.006），the serum ZAG levelin the TC≥5.18 group was higher than that of TC<5.18 group by hierarchical analysis with the cut-off value of TC=5.18 mmol/L[（63.36±12.03） vs. （56.97±13.09） mg/L，P=0.022]. Conclusion：The adipocyte factor ZAG may be correlated with the process of lipid metabolism disorder in T2DM，serum ZAG may play a beneficial role in promoting homeostasis of lipid metabolism.

Abstract:Objective：To predict miR-130b-3p target genes by bioinformatic analysis and enrichment analysis for its molecular func－tion，biological process and signal pathway，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of miR-130b-3p associated with diabetic nephropathy. Methods：Database of target gene was retrieved from the NCBI and miRbase database. The sequences of miR-130b-3p were analyzed with Vector NTI，and miR-130b-3p target genes were predicted using TargetScan，picTar，RNA22，PITA and miRanda. Functional enrichment analysis of target genes and signal pathway enrichment analysis were carried out using DAVID and KEGG database. Results：The sequence of miR-130b-3p was highly conserved among various species. GO analysis showed that miR-130b-3p was mainly enriched in nucleoplasm and cytosol. Molecular function was mainly enriched in protein binding and transcription factor activation. Classic miR-130b-3p was enriched in seven signal transduction pathways in KEGG database，including TGF-β，AMPK and endocytosis. The disease enrichment of target genes was highly relevant to diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion：The function and signaling pathway of miR-130b-3p target genes are closely related with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the prevalence and clinical features of hyponatremia in tuberculous meningitis（TBM）. Methods：One hundred and fifteen patients diagnosed with TBM in the hospital from January 2014 to October 2016 were enrolled. General information and clinical data were collected. Clinical features of TBM with and without hyponatremia were compared.Occurence of hyponatremia in TBM was calculated.Clinical features of patients with and without hyponatremia were compared. Results：In our study，70.4% patients were with hyponatremia. Compared with normonatremic counterparts，besides lower serum sodium and plasma osmotic pressure，pa－tients with hyponatremia also tended to have lower serum creatinine[54.5（45.2，68.0） μmmol/L vs. 64.0（54.5，75.7） μmmol/L，P=0.004]，blood uric acid[164.0（123.5，218.2） μmmol/L vs. 229.5（178.5，327.0） μmmol/L，P<0.001]，glucose[2.0（1.7，3.0） mmol/L vs. 3.0（2.0，4.0） mmol/L，P=0.002] and chloride content[112.0（104.0，116.0） mmol/L vs.120.0（116.2，125.7） mmol/L，P<0.001] in cerebrospinal fluid. Both temperature[（37.4±1.0）℃ vs. （36.7±0.7） ℃，P=0.002] and protein content in cerebrospinal fluid[2.0（1.2，3.0） g/L vs. 1.0（0.8，2.1） g/L，P=0.003] were higher in the hyponatremic patients. There was no significant difference in gender and age between this two groups. According to the analysis of the reason for TBM with hyponatremia，65.4% patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion（SIADH）. Compared with the patients with hyponatremia for other reason，patients with SIADH had lower serum sodium，plasma osmotic pressure，blood uric acid，chloride content in cerebrospinal fluid，while the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was higher. In patients with SIADH，as high as 90.6% of them missed the diagnosis. Conclusion：According to this study，the incidence of TBM with hyponatremia is high. SIADH is an important cause of TBM with hyponatremia.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effects of saxagliptin，a dipeptidyl peptidase 4（DPP4） inhibitor，on the atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease in the diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Methods：Male diabetic ApoE-/- mice model was established by feeding on a high fat diet and streptozotocin injection，which received the DPP4 inhibitor saxagliptin[15（mg/kg）]（DS，n=8） or saline as a placebo（DM，n=8） once a day by gavage for 12 weeks. Male ApoE-/- mice feeding on a high fat diet as a non-diabetic control group，also divided into saxagliptin treatment group（HS，n=8） and control group（HF，n=8）. Structural changes in the artery and liver，the degree of liver fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated by oil red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining，immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results：In the diabetic group，saxagliptin intervention significantly reduced the levels of free fat acid（FFA），triglyceride（TG），alanine aminotransferase（ALT），aspartate transaminase（AST） in plasma，also have the same trend of the liver index and IL-1β，NLRP3 protein in the liver（P<0.01） and blood glucose. Lipid droplets in the hepatocytes，liver fibrosis and inflammation were significantly improved（P<0.01） in the group. As contrary，there was no significant changes in plaque area. Conclusion：Saxagliptin has a liver protective effect on diabetic mice，the mechanism may caused by effectively lowering blood glucose and the levels of FFA，TG in plasma，inhibiting the accumulation of macrophages in the liver and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome，reducing inflammation of the liver. However，no obvious effect was observed on the atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the accuracy of dynamic blood glucose monitoring system in monitoring blood glucose changes in diabetic patients and the role of psychological nursing intervention. Methods：Totally 190 diabetic patients enrolled in our hospital from February 2014 to April 2016 were selected as the research object and all patients were divided into the control group（n=95） and study group（n=95） according to the random number method. In the control group，the blood glucose monitor was used to monitor the changes of blood glucose and the patients were treated with routine nursing. The patients in the study group were treated with the continuous glucose monitoring system（CGMS） combined with psychological nursing intervention. The accuracy of blood glucose mon－itoring was compared between the two groups，and the influence of different nursing intervention modes on the patients was analyzed. Results：The monitoring accuracy of the study group was higher than that of the control group. The analysis of Clarke EGA index showed that A/B level accounted for 95.8%，higher than 83.2% of control group（ ?字2=8.047，P=0.005）. The control effect of blood glu－cose level in the study group was better than that of the control group and the SAS score（20.4±5.8） and SDS score（19.3±1.5） were significantly lower than those of the control group of SAS score（51.2±10.4） and SDS score（55.7±3.6）（t=25.210，P=0.000；t=90.970，P=0.000）. There were significant differences between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion：CGMS has higher accuracy in de－tecting blood sugar changes in diabetic patients，and psychological nursing intervention can eliminate negative emotions and has posi－tive effects on blood sugar control.

Abstract:Vitamin D，as one of the essential nutrients，becomes the hot spot of researches in recent years. Researches focusing on its function of regulating the metabolism of calcium phosphate have sprang up constantly，which have close relation diabetes，the complex chronic diseases. Therefore，we expounded on the relationship among vitamin D，and type 1，type 2，gestational diabetes，as well as di－abetes complications，and discussed on the possible molecular mechanism of endogenous signaling pathways like oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease through describing the relationship between the latitude differences and the incidence of dia－betes，aiming to provide reference for clinical application of vitamin D in diabetes patients.

Abstract:Objective：To study the correlation among serum 25-（OH）D3 level and thyroid function，thyroid disease duration，size in patients with Graves disease（GD） or Graves’ ophthalmopathy（GO） or hyperthyroid heart disease. Methods：Totally 150 cases of pa－tients diagnosed with the corresponding diagnosis were selected. All the cases were divided into GD group（n=50），GO group（n=50），HHD group（n=50），and the other 50 cases of healthy people at the same age were selected as the control group（n=50）. Then all the cases were taken the morning fasting venous blood，in which the FT3 and FT4，TSH，TRAb，TPOAb，serum 25-（OH）D3 were tested. The study of 25-（OH）D3 level takes the rule of the international consensus for references：serum 25-（OH）D3 level< 20 ng/mL means vitamin D deficiency，and serum 25-（OH）D3 level 20-30 ng/mL means vitamin D is not enough，when the level ≥30 ng/mL suggests vitamin D is sufficient. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical software,and the significant inspection standards is P＜0.05. Results：①Compared with the control group，serum FT3，FT4，TPOAb，TRAb levels were significantly increased（P=0.000），and TSH，25-（OH）D3 levels were significantly decreased in GD group，GO group and HHD group（P=0.000）. There was no significant difference in serum FT3，FT4，TPOAb，TRAb and TSH among GD group，GO group and HHD group（P>0.05）. Serum 25-（OH）D3 level was sig－nificantly lower in GO group and HHD group than in GD group（P=0.000），and no statistical significant difference was ob－served between GO group and HHD group（P=0.320）. ②The serum 25-（OH）D3 levels in group GO were significantly positively correlated with FT3（r=0.390，P=0.006） and FT4（r=0.40，P=0.004），but there was no statistically significant corre－lation with TSH（P>0.05）. There was no statistical correlation between the remaining groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion：The low level of 25-（OH）D3 maybe closely related with the pathogenesis of Graves disease and its complications，and the deficiency of serum 25-（OH）D3 may also be involved in the development and progression of GO and HHD.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate comprehensively the vitamin A（VA） status of neonates at birth and discuss the correlation with maternal VA status. Methods：From October to November 2016 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，blood from healthy mothers before delivery and umbilical cord blood samples from healthy neonates were collected and measured for serum retinol，retinyl esters（retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate） and β-carotene levels by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method（HPLC-MS/MS）. The single factor variance and multiple regression model were applied to analyze the correlation between neonatal umbilical and maternal serum VA levels. Results：Totally 82 mothers and their neonates were in－cluded. Retinol，retinyl palmitate and β-carotene concentration of umbilical cord blood serum were respectively（0.490±0.129），（0.016±0.016） and （0.038±0.030） μmol/L，significantly lower than those of （0.988±0.268），（0.319±0.314） and （2.196±2.005） μmol/L in maternal serum（all P=0.000）；among all groups of different maternal VA status（VA sufficient，insufficient and de－ficient groups），there were significant differences in retinol，retinyl palmitate and β-carotene level of umbilical cord blood serum（P=0.017，0.044 and 0.030，respectively）. And they were all significantly higher in VA sufficient group than in VA deficient group（all P<0.05）. There was no statistic difference between the other groups（P>0.05）. Maternal retinol level was the independent influence factor affecting both retinol and β-carotene level of umbilical cord serum（regression coefficient b=0.149，0.035，respectively；95%CI=0.048 to 0.251，0.011 to 0.059，respectively）. Conclusion：The overall neonatal VA level is lower than that of mother，and both neonatal retinol and β-carotene concentration are associated with maternal retinol concentration.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the in vitro effects of interleukin-27（IL-27） on the pro-inflammatory activation of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes（FLS），and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules. Methods：After treatment of human FLS with IL-27，concentration of IL-6 in culture supernatant was measured by ELISA. FLS were treated with signal pathway inhibitor for 1 hour，and then treated with IL-27 for 48 hours, and the supernatant of IL-6 was detected by ELISA. IL-27 treatment of FLS at different time points，the intracellular signaling pathway phosphorylation level was detected by Western blot. Results：IL-27 could significantly induce the release of IL-6 from both N-FLS and RA-FLS（P=0.001，P=0.001）. and the concentration of IL-6 induced by IL-27（50 ng/mL）in both N-FLS（1329.10±113.15） pg/mL and RA-FLS（1583.70±129.54） pg/mL were higher than those of negative control group. Different concentrations of （0，10，20，50，100 ng/mL） IL-27 were used to treat cells at different times（0，12，24，48 h），and it was in a dose and time dependant manner. Further study showed that the IL-6 induced by IL-27 could be significantly suppressed by JAK inhibitor AG490 and JNK inhibitor SP600125 in both N-FLS and RA-FLS. Phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling proteins JAK2 and JNK is significantly increased after IL-27 treatment in both N-FLS and RA-FLS（JAK2：F=303.000，P=0.000；F=640.400，P=0.000；JNK：F=98.840，P=0.000，F=54.820，P=0.001）. Conclusion：IL-27 has the potential to amplify arthritis inflammation via the up-regulates the release of IL-6 from FLS by activating JAK2 and JNK signaling pathways.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression profile of inhibitors of differentiation 3（Id3） in the endometrium of early pregnant mice and artificially induced pregnant mice，and the role of Id3 gene in decidualization. Methods：Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of Id3 in uterus of early pregnancy and artificial induced decidualization model. The effect of Id3 expres－sion on the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells was analyzed by the decidualization and overexpression of Id3 gene induced by the isolated endometrial stromal cells of primary mice in vitro. Results：The Id3 highly expressed in the early pregnancy model of mice in the endometrial receptivity stage（the fourth day of pregnancy）（Pprotein=0.001；PmRNA=0.001），and lower expressed in decid－ualized uterus after embryonic implantation（PD5protein=0.026；PD5mRNA=0.038）. The expression of Id3 in artificial induced endometrium was significantly lower than that in the control group（Pprotein=0.005；PmRNA=0.000）. In vitro induced decidualization inhibited the expres－sion of Id3 gene（Pprotein=0.000；PmRNA=0.001）. Overexpression of Id3 significantly reduced the process of decidualization of endometrial stromal cells in vitro；Stat3 signaling was involved in the process of decidual stromal cells regulated by Id3. Conclusion：Id3 is in－volved in the mice embryo implantation and regulates the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of chronic sleep restriction（SR） on the function of livers and brains in mice，and to ex－plore the possible mechanism. Methods：Twenty C57BL/6J female mice at the age of 4 weeks were randomly divided into normal con－trol group（n=10） and SR group（n=10）. Then forty-five days after SR，the mice were observed for the changes of body weight，and the percentage of weight gain was detected in each group. Learning and memorizing abilities were measured by Morris Water Maze test. Liver，spleen and kidney wet weight index were detected in each group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），inter－leukin-6（IL-6） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） in the serum were detected by ELISA. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and contents of reduced glutathione（GSH） were measured by microplate assay. The protein levels of TNF-α，P53，Bcl-2-associated X protein（BAX） and B-cell lymphoma-2（BCL-2） were measured by Western blot. The expression of Ki-67 was analyzed by immuno－histochemical technique. Results：Compared with the normal control group，the mice in SR had a relatively slow body weight gain，a reduced spatial learning and memorizing capacities，an increased liver and kidney wet weight index（t=4.274，P=0.000；t=3.629，P=0.002），and a decreased spleen wet weight index（t=2.380，P=0.029）. The levels of TNF-α，IL-6 and IL-1β were higher in SR group [（53.719±4.128），（31.766±4.535），（41.916±4.819）] than those in the normal control group[（24.440±4.468），（14.265±3.718），（20.383±3.230）]（t=10.762，P=0.000；t=6.673，P=0.000；t=8.229，P=0.000）；the activities of SOD and contents of GSH in hippocampus and livers in SR group lowered significantly，compared with those in the normal control group（t=4.171，P=0.003；t=8.851，P=0.000；t=7.138，P=0.000；t=5.390，P=0.000）. Compared with that of normal control group，the expression level of TNF-α[（0.702±0.088），（0.818±0.074）]，P53[（0.626±0.103），（1.225±0.116）] and BAX[（0.978±0.078），（1.120±0.135）] in hippocampus and livers in－creased significantly（t=13.688，P=0.000；t=11.682，P=0.000；t=6.991，P=0.000；t=10.023，P=0.000；t=13.721，P=0.000；t=10.422，P=0.000），while the expression level of BCL-2[（0.365±0.059），（0.380±0.040）] decreased significantly（t=15.165，P=0.000；t=12.143，P=0.000），and the positive expression of Ki-67 in hippocampus decreased significantly（t=4.171，P=0.003）. Conclusion：SR induces the oxidative stress of brains and livers in mice and elevates the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the brain and serum，and mediates the DNA damage through cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective：Amyloid β protein（Aβ） is the central component of neuritic plaques，and also the main neuropathological marker of Alzheimer’s Disease（AD）. Aβ is derived from the amyloid β precursor protein（APP，amyloid beta precursor protein；XB-GENE-479158；NCBI：Xl.8671），the main pathogenic genes of this disease，and the temporal and partial expression patterns of APP in the embryonic period of Xeponus Laevis（X.laevis） has not been clear yet. This study was designed to examine the temporal and spatial expression pattern of APP in the embryonic period of X.laevis and its possible functions. Methods：The normal embryonic tissues from frogs（at embryonic stages 2 to 4） were collected，and the expression of APP in different stages of embryonic development was detected by the whole-mount in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. The promoter activity was measured by the dual-reporter assays，and the Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression. Results：Our data revealed that the APP gene mainly had two types of mRNA variants：shorter 693-694aa and longer 750-751aa protein products，and the main difference was the alternative splicing of exon 7. All the APP transcripts were maternally ex－pressed，and the shorter variant expressed predominantly，with a steadily increased expression level during the development，while the longer variant expressed weakly，but maintained a constant level during the whole embryonic stage. Results of the whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the APP mainly expressed in hatching and cement gland at neural plate stage，and after the closure of neural tube，the transcript level of APP elevated，presenting high expression in somatic mesoderm，pronephros and dorsal neural tube. At late tail-bud stage，the APP expressed in lens，telencephalon，epiphysis，diencephalon and dorsal otic vesicle. At tadpole stage，the APP highly expressed in the digestive system，including pancreas，stomach and duodenum. Conclusion：The speci－ficity in the distribution of temporal and partial expression of APP，a maternally expressed gene，indicates the important role it plays in embryonic development，thus providing a new path to study the role of key pathogenic genes of AD in early embryogenesis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of FcεRI and CD63 in blood eosinophils from patients with allergic rhinitis（AR）. Methods：Peripheral blood samples were collected from AR patients and healthy controls（HCs），then incubated with crude extracts of artemisia pollen and dust mite. Expressions of FcεRI and CD63 in blood eosinophils were detected by flow cytometry. Results：With－out challenge，it was showed that the ratio of eosinophils in AR patients[0.92%（0.70% to 1.64%）] was increased（Z=-2.050，P=0.041） when compared with that of HCs[0.71%（0.43% to 0.97%）]. Percentage of FcεRI+ eosinophils and mean fluorescence intensity（MFI） of FcεRI expression on eosinophils in the blood of AR patients[6.19%（3.05% to 8.19%）；1 462（1 164 to 1 720）] were enhanced（Z=-2.102，P=0.036；Z=-2.777，P=0.007） when compared with those of HCs[3.16%（1.55% to 4.53%）；808（524 to 1 308）]，respectively. MFI of CD63+ eosinophils in AR patients[2 031（1 725 to 3 338）] was higher（Z=-3.192，P=0.002） than that of HCs[1 491（1 297 to 1 613）]. Artemisia pollen at 0.1 μg/mL[2 618（2 131 to 3 315）] and 1.0 μg/mL[3 108（2 317 to 3 792）] induced upregulation of MFI of CD63+ eosinophils in the blood of AR patients. Conclusion：FcεRI and CD63 are likely to play key roles in AR. Allergen-specific eosinophils challenge test to detect the expression of CD63 may be a supplement experiment for diagnosis of AR.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the differences of dendritic spines in the CA3 and dentate gyrus（ＤＧ） of the hippocampal forma－tion in normal control group，chronic unpredictable stress（CUS） susceptibility group and CUS resistance group in order to further un－derstand the structural bases of the depression-like behaviors. Methods：Four-five weeks old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and model group. The model group rats were treated with chronic unpredictable stress for 4 weeks. Then，the model group rats were randomly divided into the CUS resis－tance group and the CUS susceptibility group according to the results of sucrose preference test. The numbers of dendritic spines in the CA3 and DG of the hippocampal formation of normal control（n=5），CUS susceptibility group（n=5） and CUS resistance group（n=5） were quantitatively estimated using the stereological methods and immunohistochemical methods. Results：The sucrose preference in the CUS susceptibility group rats was significantly decreased when compered with that of the CUS resistance group and normal control group（P=0.000，P=0.000）. The sucrose preference in the CUS resistance group and normal con－trol group was not significantly different（P=0.262）. The total number of the dendritic spines in the CA3 of the CUS susceptibility group rats was significantly lower than that of the normal control group and that of the CUS resistance group（P=0.008，P=0.004）. The total number of the dendritic spines in the DG of the CUS susceptibility group rats was significantly lower than that of the normal control group and that of the CUS resistance group（P=0.001，P=0.001）. The total number of the dendritic spines in the CA3 and DG in the normal control group was not significantly different when compared with that of the CUS resistance group（P=0.656，P=0.950）. Conclusion：The total number of the dendritic spines in the CA3 and DG of the hippocampal formation in the CUS resistance group was not affected by CUS intervention，suggesting that the number of dendritic spines in hippocampus might be one of the key factors for the difference of stress susceptibility in depression. Our study might provide one of the important structural bases for searching the new treatment direction of depression.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the expression and significance of chitinase-3-like-1（YKL-40） in choroidal neovascularization （CNV） models in mice. Methods：Forty adult male C57BL/6J mice were divided into day 7 group and day 14 group post laser coagu－lation randomly according to the sampling time，with twenty mice in each group. The left eyes of mice were set as normal control and the right eyes were established CNV models by 532 nm laser photocoagulation. Retinal pigment epithelium（RPE）/choroidal flatmounts after cardiac perfusion with FITC-dextran and HE staining on the 7th and 14th day post laser were used to identify the CNV models. The mRNA levels of YKL-40 and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） in neuroretina and RPE/choroidal complex were detected by real-time PCR. The localizations and expressions of YKL-40 in eyes of each group were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Results：Both RPE/choroidal flatmount and HE staining confirmed the success of model and the CNV formation on day 7 and day 14 after laser coagulation. Real-time PCR showed that in neuroretina the expressions of YKL-40 and VEGF[（1.939±0.209），（4.017±1.312）] were higher in day 7 group than control group[（1.002±0.076），（1.017±0.219）]，and the differences were significant（t=13.320，P=0.006；t=5.457，P=0.012）. However，in RPE/choroidal complex，no significant differences（t= -4.519，P=0.053；t=2.450，P=0.134） were observed between control group[（1.004±0.101），（1.021±0.240）] and day 7 group[（0.968±0.381），（1.192±0.354）]. Futhermore，the mRNA levels of YKL-40 and VEGF in day 14 group[（3.174±1.583），（3.045±1.430），（12.669±4.512），（8.254±2.968）] were higher than those in control group[（1.013±0.173），（1.043±0.371），（1.037±0.347），（1.078±0.462）] both in neuroretina and in RPE/choroidal complex tissues，and the differences were significant（t=4.777，P=0.041；t=3.508，P=0.039；t=4.827，P=0.040；t=12.800，P=0.006）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of YKL-40 was positively correlated with VEGF in CNV models. The immunofluorescence staining showed that YKL-40 were mainly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer，inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer of mice after laser. Both in day 7 group and day 14 group，the expressions of YKL-40[（0.141±0.004），（0.105±0.018）] were higher than control group（0.008±0.001），and the differences were significant（F=106.388，P=0.000）. Conclusion：The expression of YKL-40 is up-regulated during the process of CNV formation and is positively correlated with VEGF. Therefore，we infer that YKL-40 may play a critical role in the pathological process of CNV formation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical features and the diagnostic methods of primary small intestinal disease. Methods：The clinical data of 155 patients with primary small intestinal diseases diagnosed by pathological examination were collected for this retro－spective study. All patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2011 to December 2015. Each patient’s complete clinical data including etiology，pathological diagnosis，predilection site，main clinical symptoms，supplementary examination and final diagnosis were analyzed in the study. Results：The common cause of primary small intestinal disease was the tumor，accounting for 68.39% of all cases，and most of them were malignant tumor. Small intestinal diver－ticulum，Crohn’s disease，and intestinal tuberculosis accounted for 18.29%，5.14%，3.87%，respectively. Other rare causes were acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis，intestinal polyps and erosive enteritis. The proportion of primary small intestinal disease in male and female was 52.90% and 47.02%，respectively. The average age was （56.94±16.48） years. There was no significant difference in gen－der，age and etiology（P<0.05）；the chi-square values were 0.027，4.230 respectively. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding，weight loss，nausea，vomiting，abdominal mass and fever，accounting for 61.94%，38.06%，26.45%，21.94%，17.42%，12.90%，respectively. There was no significant difference in age and symptom（P<0.05）；the chi-square value was 8.020. The positive diagnostic rates of capsule endoscopy，abdominal CT and small intestinal enteroscopy were 72.73%，66.91% and 62.50% respectively. The positive diagnostic rates of abdominal CT combined with capsule endoscopy or small intestinal enteroscopy were 90% and 83.33% respectively. Conclusion：The clinical manifestations of primary small bowel diseases are lack of specificity，and small bowel tumor was the main cause of primary small intestinal diseases.Small intestinal disease should be highly suspected in patients with abdominal pain and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Combined abdominal CT and endoscopic examination may improve the diagnosis rate of primary small intestinal diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical features of pulmonary nocardiosis. Methods：The complete clinical data of two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis were analyzed from the clinical features and treatment，clues for early clinical diagnosis were provided. Results：One patient had chronic lung disease，the other patient with dermatomyositis and received long-term steroid and immunosuppressive therapy. They had the risk of infection with the pulmonary nocardia. Their early symptoms were fever，cough，positive body fluid culture for more than 5 days. One case died，and one case was once relieved，but died due to the merger of tuberculosis and intracranial infec－tion. Conclusion：Clinical features and imaging findings of pulmonary nocardiosis are nonspecific. Prolonged fluid incubation time over 5 days may generate a positive result. Early combined treatment may reduce the mortality rate，but the non symptom of intracranial infection should be alerted.