Abstract:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI） is a common complication of ischemic myocardium after restoring blood flow. A large number of studies have shown that some of the cationic channels distributed in the myocardial cell membrane and related organelles are involved in the related pathophysiological processes of MIRI. Early studies have found that Na+，K+ and Ca2+ channels are involved in the MIRI process. Recent studies find that transient receptor potential（TRP） is also involved in MIRI and may be the new interfering target of medicine treatment. This paper aims to review the roles of the myocardial cation channels such as Na+，K+，Ca2+ and TRP in MIRI.

Abstract:Anterior choroidal artery aneurysms（AChAAs） are rare in clinic，accounting for 2% to 5% of all intracranial aneurysms，and the rupture rate is 26.7%. Because of the complex anatomical structure and the relatively smaller diameter of the anterior choroidal artery（AchA），the surgical operation is difficult and high-risked. Often the postoperative complications are present，among which，the most common one is the AChA syndrome caused by the stenosis or obstruction of the AChA. The syndrome can severely affect the post－operative recovery of patients’ neurological functions. Through reviewing the previous literature，this study aimed at making a clue for the inducing factors of clip-induced ischemic compli－cations of AChAAs and their prevention approaches.

Abstract:Many researches show that autophagy and apoptosis coexist in a variety of diseases. Autophagy is the use of lysosomes by eukaryotes to degrade damaged or aging organelles to achieve material recycling，which is an important protective mechanism for cells to respond to changes in the internal and external environment;and apoptosis is an active process regulated by different cell signaling pathways，which leads to cell death. In normal physiological condition，autophagy maintains the basic function of intracellular environ－ment stabilization. But when autophagy is over-activated，cells are transformed into apoptosis due to a large amount of accumulated protein that cannot be digested and degraded. In recent years，the morbidity and disability rate of cerebral stroke has aroused great concern among scholars. Therefore，how to regulate the mutual transformation of autophagy and apoptosis in ischemic stroke has always been a common concern of the academic community. To this end，we summarize the past researches and hope to provide ref－erence for the development of basic research and clinical medicine.

Abstract:Objective：To study the neurotoxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate（DBP） exposure on offspring rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods：Pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into three groups；50 mg/（kg·d） DBP（low-dose treatment group，n=10），200 mg/（kg·d） DBP（high-dose treatment group，n=10） or vehicle only（control group，n=8） was given respectively by gavage once a day from gestation day-6（GD6） to postnatal day-23（PND23） consecutively. The general effects of DBP on pregnant and off－spring rats were observed. The cognitive function of the offspring was evaluated through Morris water maze. The brain activity was recorded with electrocorticography. The morphological changes of the hippocampus were observed via HE staining. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF），neuropeptide Y（NPY） and estrogen receptor β（ERβ） protein in the hippocampus were measured by Western blot analysis. Results：Compared with those of the same sex in the control group，the pups in the high-dose treatment group showed lower birth weight（P<0.05）. In the water maze test，the escaping latency of both treatment groups was longer than that of the control（P<0.05）. The pups in the treatment groups also spent less time in the target quadrant（P<0.05），and the num－bers of crossing the platform were fewer，too（P<0.05）. During EEG recording，the pups in DBP treatment groups were found to have more delta activity（P<0.05） and delta+theta activity（P<0.01），but less theta and alpha activity（P<0.05）. HE staining showed that in the high-dose treatment group，the cell number in CA3 and DG region of the hippocampus decreased slightly，and so did the cell density. Furthermore，the expressions of BDNF，NPY and ERβ protein in the hippocampus were significantly reduced in both treatment groups（P<0.01）. Conclusion：DBP could cause cognitive dysfunction and slower brain rhythms in offspring rats after perinatal exposure，which may be related to the down-regulated expressions of BDNF，NPY and ERβ.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss on the effect of remote ischemia preconditioning（RIPC） on antioxidant ability after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury（IRI） in rats. Methods：Totally 50 male SD rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups：control group，femoral control group，femoral group，aorta group and aorta control group. The same RIPC protocol was given and then heart IRI was created. At the end of the experiment，serum and heart tissue was obtained to test anti-/oxidation indexes and myocardial injury marker. Hearts were stained to HE and calculate cardiomyocyte apoptosis index（AI）. Results：There was no significant difference in the mean arterial blood pressure within 5 groups before ischemia（P>0.05）. After ischemia，compared with that of control group，mean arterial blood pressure of the other 4 groups was decreased（P<0.05）. The mean arterial blood pressure of the aorta group was the lowest and the area of myocardial infarction was the largest（P＜0.05）. Compared with that of control group，malondialdehyde（MDA） in the other 4 groups was increased（P<0.05），superoxide dismutase（SOD），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH），creatine kinase MB（CK-MB） and cardiac Troponin Ⅰ（cTnⅠ） were decreased（P<0.05）. The serum MDA in the aorta control group was significantly higher（P<0.05），and the SOD，LDH，CK-MB and cTnI were the lowest（P<0.05），and SOD was decreased（P<0.05）. In the control group，the myocardial cells were closely packed and the stripes were clear. The other 4 groups had disorganized cardiomyocytes，vasodilatation，inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhage，and the lesions in the aortic group were the most obvious. The apoptosis index of cardiomyocytes in the femoral artery and aorta groups was not significantly different from that in the control group（P>0.05）. Conclusion：RIPC may act against myocardial IRI thorough decreasing the lipid pero-xidation. However，the increased area of RIPC can not promote the cardioprotection and the antioxidant ability is also declined.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the distribution of methylenetetra-hydrofolate reductase（MTHFR） genotypes in community popu－lation，and explore the relationship between MTHFR c677t polymorphisms and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods：Six hundred and ninety-eight adult Han people were selected from the people undergoing physical examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to May 2017 by convenience sampling. Their past medical history，and physiological and biochemical indicators were recorded. The MTHFR c677 genotypes of target group were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP），and the intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis（ICAS） by transcranial Doppler（TCD）. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test for statistical difference and multiple factor logistic regressions for the correlated influencing factors of ICAS. Results：There was significant distribution difference between the ICAS and NICAS group of allele frequencies（C/T + T/T and C/C， χ2=13.347，P=0.000）. The differences between the genotype groups are also significant（T/T and C/C， χ2=12.064，P=0.001；and C/T and C/C， χ2=10.414，P=0.000）. The frequencies of T allele in community population with ICAS were obviously higher than those of the control. The multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that T/T（OR=2.34，95%CI=1.363 to 4.016，P=0.002） genotype and C/T（OR=2.34，95%CI=1.363 to 4.016，P=0.002） genotype were probably the independent risk factor for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Conclusion：There is a genetic polymorphism of MTHFR c677t in community population in China，which is correlated with the increased risk of ICAS.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the relationship between the polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzymegene（ACE） gene I/D，procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide（PⅢNT），matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9） and hypersensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP） of essential hypertension（EH） of Buyi and Han populations in Guizhou province. Methods：The method of polymerase chain reaction/re－striction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the frequency of each genotype and allele from 302 EH patients（154 Buyi people，148 Han people） and 299 healthy people（143 Buyi people，156 Han people） in southeastern Qiannan Guizhou. The method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect level of the PⅢNT，MMP-9 and hs-CPR of those pa－tients selected. Results：①The frequencies of ID genotype and allele D of ACE gene were statistically significant between EH group and health group，and between EH group and health control group in Buyi people（P<0.01）. ②The level of PⅢNT，MMP-9 and hs-CRP were statistically significant between Buyi people and Han people，and between EH group and health control group，and between EH group and health control group in Buyi people，and between EH group and health control group in Han people（P<0.01）. The levels of PⅢNT，MMP-9 and hs-CRP were statistically significant different in different genotypes of ACE I/D（P<0.01）. Conclusion：①The ID genotype and the allele D of ACE gene may be associated with the EH of Buyi people. Among the normal group of Buyi people，those who carry the ID genotype and allele D have higher risk than who carry Ⅱ or DD genotype and allele Ⅰ. The polymorphism of allele I/D of ACE gene may be one of the pathogenic factors of EH in Buyi people who came from southeastern Qiannan Guizhou.②The EH patients of Buyi people and those carry the ID genotype are may likely occur collagen accumulation，inflammatory reaction，deposition of extracellular and vascular remodel.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between the apoB/apoA1 ratio and the severity of coronary artery lesions and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease（CHD）. Methods：A retrospective study was conducted in 512 hospitalized patients who were suspected CHD from 2014 to 2016. According to coronary angiography，all patients were divided into CHD group（n=381） and control group（n=131）. Gensini score（GS） was used to assess the severity of coronary artery lesions. The clinical features of the two groups were compared. The features of lipid indices in CHD group and its correlation with GS were analyzed. The incidence of the major adverse cardiovascular events（MACE） followed up for one year was also analyzed. Results：①The level of apoB/apoA1 0.65（0.53 to 0.83） in CHD group was significantly increased than the level of apoB/apoA1 0.53（0.41 to 0.67） in control group（P=0.000）. ②Only the apoB/ApoA1 ratio in lipid indices remained significantly associated with CHD according to binary logistic regression anal－ysis after multivariable adjustment（OR=46.810，P=0.000）. ③Area under the ROC curves of the apoB/apoA1 ratio for predicting CHD was 0.698（P=0.000），which was the highest among other lipid indices. ④The level of apoB/ApoA1 was continually rising with GS increased（P=0.000）. The apoB/apoA1 ratio showed the strongest correlation with GS among other lipid indices. ⑤The patients of CHD group with a higher level of apoB/apoA1（>0.65） had a higher incidence of MACE in 1 year（P=0.008）. Conclusion：The apoB/apoA1 ratio is an independent risk factor for predicting CHD，and it also has a close relationship with the severity of coronary artery lesions and prognosis for CHD.

Abstract:Objective：To study the anticoagulant efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in treatment of aged（＞60 years） patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS） and 3rd stage of chronic kidney disease（CKD3） undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）. Methods：Totally 72 aged patients（＞70 years） with ACS and CKD3 who received PCI from March 2015 to May 2017 in the People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City were randomly divided into bivalirudin group（37 cases） and unfractionated heparin（UFH） group（35 cases）. Bivalirudin group were treated with bivalirudin，while UFH group were treated with UFH in PCI. The changes of ACT value in the using medication process，renal function index（glomerular filtration rate，Scr，BUN） before and after using medication，major adverse cardio and cerebral vessels events（MACCE） within 30 days after operation，bleeding events within 7 d after surgery were monitored in two groups. Results：After treatment，the ACT values of two groups increased rapidly；the difference was not statistically significant in the ACT values on 5 min and 30 min after using drugs and immediate withdrawal（F=0.543，1.364，1.866；P=0.464，0.247，0.176）；the difference was not statistically significant in the standard-reaching rate of ACT values on 5 min and 30 min after using drugs and immediate withdrawal（P=0.233，0.219，0.233）；at 1，3，6 h after stopping the drug，the ACT value in the bivalirudin group was less than that in UFH group（F=110.084，79.462，7.572，all P=0.000）. The extubation time in the bivalirudin group was shorter than that in UFH group（t=-8.787，P=0.000）. The difference was not statistically significant between before and 24 h after administration in eGFR，Scr and BUN within the same group（all P>0.05），there was no statistical difference between two groups before and 24 h after administration（all P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of MACCE between the two groups within 30 d after operation（ ?字2=0.006，P=0.983）. The incidence of bleeding events in the bivalirudin group was lower than that in UFH group within 30 d after operation（5.4% vs. 22.9%， ?字2=4.964，P=0.026）. Heparin group showed heparin induced throm－bocytopenia（HIT） one patient. Conclusion：In treatment of aged patients with ACS and CKD3 undergoing PCI，bivalirudin and UFH show similar anticoagulant efficacy. But the effect of anticoagulant efficacy of bivalirudin is more stable，the half-life is shorter，the rate of bleeding is lower，the safety is better，it does not aggravate the impairment of renal function in patients with renal insufficiency.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the levels of serum biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome（ACS） patients and to explore the signifi－cance of the detection for evaluating carotid plaque stability. Methods：Totally 90 patients with ACS were selected from the car－diovascular department in our hospital during January 2016 and December 2017. The ACS patients were divided into the vulnerable plaque group（51 cases） and the stable plaque group（39 cases），according to the results of carotid ultrasonography. Forty-five healthy people，who without any carotid plaque were chosen as the control group. ELISA method was used to detect serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein（hs-CRP），pentraxin-3（PTX-3），pregnancy related protein-A（PAPP-A），lipoprotein related phospholipase A2（Lp-PLA2） and oxidized low density lipoprotein（ox-LDL） level in three groups. Results：The serum levels of all indicators in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group（P＜0.05）. The levels of serum PTX-3，PAPP-A，Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL in vulnerable plaque group were significantly higher than those in stable plaque group（P＜0.05）. The OR value is be－tween 1.2 and 2. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve（AUC） of PTX-3，PAPP-A，Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL were 0.764，0.870，0.678 and 0.794，respec－tively，and the critical values were 4.38 μg/L，11.28 U/L，and 181.64 μg/L and 490.86 μg/L，respectively. The sensitivity was 62.7%，76.5%，51% and 92.2%，and the specificity was 92.3%，95%，84.6% and 56.4%，respectively. Conclusion：Elevated serum hs-CRP，PTX-3，PAPP-A，Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL level is closely related to ACS carotid plaque instability. It can be used as a serolog－ical index to evaluate the stability of carotid plaques in ACS.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficacy concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation for patients undergoing mitral surgery via mini-thoracotomy with thorascopic assistance. Methods：From March 1st 2016 to May 10th 2017，41 patients undergoing atrial fibril－lation ablation with valve surgery in Chongqing General Hospital were enrolled and divided into two groups. Two groups were divided by the operational approach. A group were the patients underwent radiofrequecy mazeⅢ procedure during mini-invasive valve surgery. B groups were the patients underwent radiofrequecy mazeⅢ procedure with valve surgery by median sternotomy. The rate of freedom from atrial fibrillation（after procedure：76.9% vs. 78.5%，P=1.000，10 days later：84.6% vs. 78.5%，P=0.975），the time of ablation pro－cedure[（41.9±4.0） min vs. （39.7±5.4） min，P=0.198]，the diameter of left atrium[（47.6±6.3） mm vs. （49.5±6.6） mm，P=0.384]，the volume of chest drainage[（342.9±44.3） mL vs. （47.1±132.5） mL，P=0.020]，the length of the incision[（5.1±0.6） cm vs. （20.7±2.6） cm，P=0.000] were compared between two groups. Results：Compared with B groups，A groups has no difference in the rate of freedom from atial fibrillation；no difference in the time of ablation procedure and the diameter of left atrium was observed. However，there were significant differences in the volume of chest drainage（P=0.020），the length of the incision（P=0.000）. Conclusion：The concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation for patients undergoing mitral surgery via mini-thoracotomy with thorascopic assistance is safe and feasible.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography（3D-TEE） in the diagnosis of functional mitral regurgitation（FMR），and to explore the clinical safety and efficacy of mitral valve repair. Methods：Fifty cases of aortic stenosis（AS） or aortic regurgitation（AR） underwent aortic valve replacement（AVR），with or without FMR. All patients were treated with two-dimensional echocardiography and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography（3D-TEE）. For patients with moder－ate to severe FMR，mitral valve repair was performed on the ba－sis of aortic valve replacement. Echocardiographic parameters，perioperative death，aortic clamping time，intensive care unit（ICU） stay，and postoperative regurgitation correction were com－pared. Results：There were 24 cases of mitral valve repair and 26 cases without repair. There was no significant difference in base－line data between the 2 groups. The more serious MR，the larger mitral annular area（P=0.009），the smaller coaptation height（P=0.008） were found in MV repair group than in non repair group. There was a good consistency of mitral valve coaptation height between direct surgery and 3D-TEE measurement. There was no significant difference in aortic clamping time and postoperative ICU stay days（P=0.381，P=0.175）. In mitral valve repair group，1 cases died during perioperative period，and 1 cases died in the non repair group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups（P=0.891）. Half a year follow-up of regurgitation corrective effect，there were 2 cases of mild mitral regurgitation，no case of mitral stenosis and regurgitaion aggravated in mitral valve repair group. There were 1 case of deteriorational mitral regurgitation and 1 case of mild mitral regurgitation in non-MV repair group. In addition，in mitral valve repair patients，the area of FMR mitral annulus caused by AS was smaller than that of AR patients（P=0.028），and the coaptation height of mitral valve was higher than that of AR（P=0.017）. Conclusion：Mitral valve repair is safe and feasible in aortic valve replacement. 3D-TEE is of great value in evaluating the mechanism of FMR. FMR is often accompanied by annular dilation and mitral valve closure disorder. The pathological mechanism of AS and AR concurrent FMR may be different. It is suggested that when AS is concurrent with FMR，MV annular diameter and coaptation height are the criteria of MV repair.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the diagnostic value of T1-weighted 3D-volumetric isotropic TSE acquisition（T1WI 3D-VISTA） in middle cerebral artery（MCA） stenosis. Methods：The time of flight magnetic resonance angiography（TOF-MRA） and T1WI 3D-VISTA images of 33 patients who were proved have MCA stenosis by digital subtraction angiography（DSA） from May 2016 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The images were estimated by two experienced radiologists to score the image quality of T1WI 3D-VISTA and measure the vascular stenosis rate blindly. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Randomized blocks of variance and LSD-t test were used for analyzing the stenosis rate of T1WI 3D-VISTA，TOF-MRA and DSA. The consistency between T1WI 3D-VISTA and DSA with TOF-MRA and DSA was compared and the sensitivity，specificity and other parameters of T1WI 3D-VISTA was calculated using DSA as the gold standard. Results：Totally 37 arteries were diagnosed with varying degrees of steno－sis or occlusion. The mean stenosis rates of T1WI 3D-VISTA，TOF-MRA and DSA were （63.189±16.050）%，（66.014±15.395）% and （61.351±16.366）% respectively，with statistically significant difference（F=5.443，P=0.006）. There was no significant difference between T1WI 3D-VISTA and TOF-MRA（P=0.050），between T1WI 3D-VISTA and DSA（P=0.200），while the stenosis rates of TOF-MRA was significantly higher than that of DSA（P=0.001）. A good consistency between T1WI 3D-VISTA and DSA（?资=0.874，P=0.000） while a middle consistency between TOF-MRA and DSA（?资=0.593，P=0.000） was observed. Conclusion：The T1WI 3D-VISTA technique has a good consistency with DSA in diagnosing MCA stenosis，and it has a good diagnostic value for MCA stenosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the positive incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） in Mosuo people. Methods：All the subjects were surveyed by the structural questionnaires：the MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview（MINI） using the stage random sampling method. Results：Totally 1 121 subjects completed the screening.The the positive incidence of PTSD was 3.57‰（95%CI=0.07‰ to 7.00‰），and the standardized rate was 3.62‰，with 5.29‰（95%CI=0‰ to 12.64‰） of men and 2.69‰（95%CI=0‰ to 6.43‰）of women.The positive incidence of 40 to 49 years old and over sixty in Mosuo people were 0.8% and 0.5%，respec－tively，higher than those of other age brackets（0.0%）. Conclusion：PTSD is one of the factors that affects the social and economic development for Mosuo people. It is necessary to carry out research for its prevention.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the functional connectivity bias of the hippocampus in suicidal depressed patients by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（Rs-fMRI）. Methods：Functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） was performed on 76 patients with major depressive disorder（MDD），of which 43 patients were with suicide attempt history（suicidal depression，SD） and 33 patients without（non-suicidal depression，NSD），and 44 healthy controls（HC）. The differences of the hippocampal functional con－nectivity among the three groups were explored by researching the functional connectivity between hippocampus and the whole brain. The subjects in the SD group and NSD group were the depression patients admitted into the Psychiatric Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，while the subjects of the control group were recruited as the volunteers. The method used in the experiment was cross-sectional study. Results：Compared with the HC group，the SD group had decreased func－tional connectivity between the left hippocampus and the right angular gyrus，as well as that between the right hippocampus and the left inferior temporal gyrus or left inferior occipital gyrus respectively. Compared with the NSD group，the SD group demonstrated the increased functional connectivity between the left hippocampus and left rectus gyrus，but the same functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and the other brain regions. Compared with the HC group，the NSD group showed the reduced functional connec－tivity between the left hippocampus and the right middle frontal gyrus or left superior frontal gyrus respectively，as well as that be－tween the right hippocampus and the left inferior temporal gyrus，right middle frontal gyrus and its orbital part，or right angular gyrus respectively. Conclusion：The abnormal functional connectivity between the left hippocampus and some cortial regions in frontal lobe may underlie the biomarkers of MDD with suicidal activity，which perhaps contributes to the disturbances in cogni－tion and behavior in MDD.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the individual reminiscence therapy and application effect of group reminiscence therapy for emo－tional depression in the elderly in pension institutions. Methods：Totally 98 elderly patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms were randomly divided into individual reminiscence therapy group（n=49） and group reminiscence therapy group（n=49）. They were given 8 weeks of individual and group reminiscence treatment. The geriatric depression scale，life satisfaction scale were used to assess depression and life satisfaction of the elderly before and after intervention. Results：There was no significant difference in depression scores and satisfaction score between the two groups before intervention（t=-0.894，P=0.374；t=-1.647，P=0.103）. There were significant differences in depression scores and life satisfaction score between the two groups after intervention（t=-3.672，P=0.000；t=3.735，P=0.000）. There were significant differences in scores of depression and life satisfaction between the two groups before and after in－tervention（P=0.000）. Conclusion：The individual reminiscence therapy and group reminiscence therapy can significantly alleviate the elderly depression and improve the life satisfaction of the elderly. Group reminiscence therapy is effective for elderly people with mild or moderate depression，while individual reminiscence is more suitable for relieving the elderly with mild depression. This study can be used as a reference for the application of reminiscence therapy.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effect of Yiqi Huayu Huatan preparation and their mixed preparation on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction（UUO） and investigate the possible mechanism. Methods：Totally 42 female sprague-dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into sham operation group，model group，telmisartan group，Yiqi group，Huayu group，Huatan group and Yiqi Huayu Huatan group，with 6 rats in each group. Except for the sham operation group，the model was established by ligating left ureter of the rats. After 3 weeks，sham operation group and model group were treated with equal amount of normal saline，the other groups were treated with the corresponding decoction，once a day. After 12 weeks，the rats were sacrificed. The serum samples were collected for determination of concentrations of BUN and Scr. The morphological changes of renal tissue were observed by HE staining. The collagen fiber was observed by Masson staining. The protein expression levels of TGF-β1，α-SMA and E-cad－herin were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1，Smad3，Smad7，TRB3，α-SMA and E-cadherin were detected by qRT-PCR. Results：Compared with those in sham operation group，the renal interstitial fibrosis，the con－centrations of BUN and Scr were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01），while the collagen fiber deposition and the levels of BUN and Scr were significantly reduced by Yiqi Huayu Huatan preparation，telmisartan and Yiqi preparation（P<0.05）. Compared with those in the model group，the expressions of TGF-β1，Smad3，TRB3，and α-SMA in Yiqi Huayu Huatan，telmisartan and Yiqi group were significantly decreased（P<0.05），while the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the expression of Smad7 among the groups. Conclusion：Yiqi，Huayu，Huatan，Yiqi Huayu Huatan preparation and telmisartan could alleviate renal interstitial fibrosis，but Yiqi Huayu Huatan preparation，telmisartan and Yiqi prepa－ration showed better curative effect. This may be related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenehymal transition（EMT） mediated by TRB3 and TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a model of lapatinib-resistance in breast cancer and explore the reversal effect of metformin on the resistance. Methods：The model of lapatinib-resistance in breast cancer was established in vitro. The experiment cells were divided into the parent group，blank resistance group，lapatinib group，metformin group and lapatinib-metformin group（n=3）. CCK-8 method was used to detect and calculate the resistance times of blank resistance group and the resistance-reversing times of metformin group. The apoptosis rate and cycle of each group were detected by FCM，and the expressions of proteins related to PI3K signaling pathway in each group by Western blot. Results：The sensitivity of cells to lapatinib in blank resistance group was lowered. IC50 values in the parent group，blank resistance group，and metformin group were （2.64±0.12），（11.21±0.03），and （5.62±0.13） μmol/L respectively. The drug resistance was about 4.25 and the reversal of drug resistance was approximately 2.0. Compared with the blank resistance group，the cell proliferation index significantly decreased in both metformin group（0.73±0.04 vs. 1.11±0.02）（P=0.004） and the lapatinib-metformin group（0.63±0.06 vs. 1.11±0.02）（P=0.031），while the cell apoptosis rate significantly increased in both metformin group（[（10.70±0.76）%] vs. [（5.05±0.59）%]）（P=0.007）and the lapatinib-metformin group（[（24.68±1.52）%] vs. [（5.05±0.59）%]）（P=0.006）. The expressions of PI3K signaling pathway-associated phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins in lapatinib-metformin group were lower than those in the blank resistance group. Conclusion：The lapatinib-resistant model of breast cancer has been successfully established. Metformin can reverse the drug resistance of lapatinib in breast cancer cell by inhibiting the PI3K signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the deferentially expressed genes between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate（NSCL/P） patients and healthy control using gene expression microarray technology and to screen NSCL/P related genes. Methods：Total RNA was extracted from 3 NSCL/P patients and 3 controls by centrifugal column method. The RNA was purified and qualitatively qual－ified，then reverse transcribed into cDNA. The cDNA was transcribed into cRNA；fluorescence dye Cy3 was used to label the cRNA. The labeled cRNA was used to hybrid with the Agilent 4 × 44 k human genome-wide expression of the gene chip；the fluorescence signal was scanned by the computer and the original data were normalized. The differential expression genes was screened by t-test and fold difference.The gene functional annotation and correlation analysis were carried out by the online analysis system of Shanghai Bohao biology to clarify the biological functions of the different genes. The specific differential expression genes were selected and the reliability of the chip results was verified by real-time PCR. Results：Totally 254 differentially expressed genes were screened out，among which 151 had up-regulated expression and 103 had down-regulated expression. Five differential expression genes were selected for real-time PCR. ADH1C（t=5.132，P=0.000），RDH10（t=2.960，P=0.039），HIST1H2BD（t=4.446，P=0.001） had down-regu－lated expression，KAT2B（t=-4.945，P=0.000），FOSB（t=-3.666，P=0.005） had up-regulated expression. The results showed that three genes had down-regulated expression and two genes had up-regulated expression，which was consistent with the result of chip ex－pression. Conclusion：There are significant differences in gene expression between normal children and children with NSCL/P. Analyzing these diferentially expressed genes may help clarify the pathogenesis of NSCL/P and provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical efficacy of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the repair of movable root resorption. Methods：①The rat model of inflammatory root absorption was established by exerting large orthodontic force，and the research objects were randomly divided into the LiCl group，the DKK1 group and the control group，with 10 rats in each group. Each root surface lacu－na volume change and the changes of bone mineral density were compared by Micro-CT scanning. ②After scanning，the rats in three groups were randomly executed，and the expression of Axin2，beta-catenin，BMP-2，BSP and CAP in the periodontal tissues were de－tected by immunohistochemistry. Results：①In 0 day of repair，the lacunar volume difference of root surface was of no statistical sig－nificance（P>0.05）. After 2 weeks，the repaired volume of root in LiCl group and control group increased significantly（P<0.05），while that of the DKK1 group decreased. The indicators of the three groups changed obviously and the differences were significant（P<0.05）. ②In 0 day of repair，the positive expression levels of Axin2，β-catenin，BMP-2，BSP，and CAP in the three groups had no obvious difference（P>0.05）. On the 3rd day of repair，the expression levels of BMP-2，BSP，and CAP in the three groups had significant dif－ference，and the β-catenin expressions in LiCl group and DKK1 group were significantly different（P＜0.05）. Seven days after repair，the expression levels of Axin2，β-catenin，and BMP-2 BSP and CAP in the LiCl group were statistically higher than those of the DKK1 group and control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Through regulating the expressions of Axin2，β-catenin，BMP-2，BSP and CAP，the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can accelerate the root re－sorption lacunaes volume to promote the recovery of trabecular bone structure，and accelerate the repair of moving tooth root resorption in rats.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the roles of periostin and thymic stromal lymphopoietin（TSLP） in chronic pruritus by analyzing the pathological changes of the skin lesions. Methods：Samples of skin lesions from 42 patients with skin pruritus over 6 weeks and samples of normal skin from 23 general persons were collected from December 2014 to December 2016. The histopathological changes of the samples were detected by the hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining，and the expressions of periostin and TSLP in skin tissues by the immunohistochemistry（IHC）. Then the thickness of epidermis and the expressions of periostin and TSLP were compared between the two groups. Results：HE staining showed that the epidermis in patients thickened significantly compared with that in the control [（477.70±14.89） μm vs. （94.28±6.58） μm，t=40.800，P=0.000]. In skin lesion samples，parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis were observed in the stratum corneum，and the infiltration of the inflammatory cells was observed in the dermis. IHC staining showed that the expressions of periostin and TSLP in chronic pruritus group were significantly higher than those in the control group respectively[（7.33±3.20） vs. （0.65±0.65），t=13.060，P=0.000] and [（8.48±2.60） vs. （0.61±0.66），t=18.580，P=0.000]. Specifically，periostin was mainly expressed in the dermis，outside of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands，while TSLP was mainly expressed in the epidermis，inside of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Conclusion：Periostin/TSLP-mediated T help cell 2（Th2） type immune response is involved in the pathogenesis and development of chronic pruritus.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship and stability between age and telomere length of oral epithelial cells of saliva spot，and to discuss whether freshness of sample or sample collected by two methods affects the length change，in order to provide forensic science with evidence to deduce age by means of micro-sample. Methods：Forty fresh saliva samples were collected from healthy in－dividuals，which was divided into five groups，aged from 0 to 100 years old. Those saliva samples were made into fresh oral swabs and saliva spots at different periods（1，7，14，28 d）. DNA was extracted by paramagnetic particle method and the terminal restriction frag－ment length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction with the analysis of linear regression. Results：The average TRF length showed a shortening tendency with aging，while samples collected by two methods and freshness of sample did not affect this parameter. The regression equation for age estimation was Y=-75.006X+101.193. Conclusion：The terminal restriction fragment length and age of donors show an inverse correction and there is no difference in samples collected by two methods and freshness of sample possible to infer individuals age by terminal restriction fragment length assay.