Abstract:Objective：To explore the mechanism of IL-27 involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia（PE）. Methods：①Western blot was used to detect the expression of IL-27 and its receptor WSX-1 in placentas. ②Isolation and culture of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） were conducted，and the cells were identified by immunofluorescence. ③The primary HUVECs were treated with IL-27（50 ng/mL） at time points from 0.25 to 2 hours and analyzed for activated or tyrosine phosphorylated JAK2（p-JAK2） and STAT1（p-STAT1） proteins by Western blot. ④Cell treatments of each group were as follows：normal culture group（Con），DMSO culture group，JAK2 inhibitor AG490 culture group（AG490），IL-27 culture group，DMSO+IL-27 culture group，AG490+IL-27 culture group .The tube formation assays were used to detect the effects of IL-27 on the tube formation capacity of primary HUVECs. Results：① IL-27 and WSX-1 protein levels were both increased in the PE group compared with those of the control group（t=2.98０，P=0.02０；t=2.52０，P=0.04０）. ②Primary HUVECs were successfully isolated and cultured. ③After exposure to IL-27，JAK2/STAT1 pathway was activated in primary HUVECs. ④The migration and tube formation abilities of IL-27 group and DMSO+IL-27 group were significantly reduced（t=16.05０，P=0.00０；t=16.61０，P=0.00０；t=11.36０，P=0.00０；t=11.74０，P=0.00０）. There was no significantly difference between AG490 group and AG490+IL-27 group（t=0.420，P=0.770；t=0.290，P=0.790）. Conclusion：IL-27 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PE through JAK2/STAT1 pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the expression of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1（QSOX1） in the placentas of preeclampsia（PE），its effects on the apoptosis and proliferation of trophoblast cells and its probable role in the development of PE. Methods：Human term placentas from normal pregnancies（31 cases） and from pregnancies complicated by PE（35 cases） were obtained，and all samples col－lected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2015 to December 2016. Under the condition of normal oxygen，human transformed primary extravillous tro－phoblast cell line（HTR8/SVneo） cells were divided into the small interference RNA（siRNA） group，the negative control group（siControl） and the QSOX1 inhibition group（siQSOX1），and the experiment repeated 3 times，6 samples in each group. Under the condition of hypoxia，HTR8/SVneo cells were divided into 4 groups respectively，the normal oxygen treatment group（0 h），the 6 hour hypoxia treatment group（6 h），the 12 hour hypoxia treatment group（12 h） and the 24 hour hypoxia treatment group（24 h），and the experiment repeated 3 times，6 samples in each group. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of QSOX1 in the placen－tas from normal pregnant women and from PE pregnant women，and the expression levels of QSOX1 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） in human transformed primary extravillous trophoblast（HTR8/SVneo） cells treated with hypoxia. Down-regulation of QSOX1 in HTR-8/Svneo cells was achieved by small interfering RNA（siRNA） interference. The protein expression levels of cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases（Cleaved caspase） and CyclinD1 in HTR-8/Svneo cells treated with siRNA were measured by Western blot. Furthermore，the apoptosis of transfected cells was detected by flow cytometry，and the cell proliferation by colorimetric method. Results：QSOX1 was overexpressed in the PE placenta compared with the normal placenta（0.955±0.285 vs. 3.921±0.960） （P=0.001）. Hypoxia induced the higher expressions of QSOX1 and HIF-1α in HTR-8/Svneo cells（1.183±0.160 vs. 3.987±0.098；1.051±0.444 vs. 1.912±0.118）（P=0.000）. Inhibition of QSOX1 expression in HTR-8/Svneo cells led to the decreased expressions of Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-9（2.940±0.514 vs. 1.075±0.121；9.223±1.230 vs. 1.011±0.019）（P=0.004，P=0.000），but the elevated expression of CyclinD1（1.851±0.972 vs. 4.189±0.399） （P=0.018）. Inhibition of QSOX1 expression in HTR-8/Svneo cells attenuated the cell apoptosis[（21.007±2.214）% vs. （10.057±0.388）％]（P=0.001） but promoted the cell proliferation （0.389±0.162 vs. 1.401±0.059）（P=0.020）. Conclusion：Overexpression of QSOX1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE by regulating the apoptosis and proliferation of trophoblast cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the maternal metabolome on serum and hair associated with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） and to explore the potential biomarker of GDM. Methods：A total of 49 GDM cases and 44 controls were recruited at 26 to 28 weeks of gestation. The serum and hair metabolomes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC/MS） and liquid chro－matography-mass spectrometry（LC/MS）. Results：Of the 747 metabolites identified in serum and 545 metabolites identified in hair，23 and 31 were significantly different between GDM and control，respectively. For example，Amphibine H（P=0.001），N-Oleoyle－thanolamine（P=0.005），3，4-Methylenepimelic acid（P=0.043），25-Methyl-21-tritriacontene-1，9，11-triol（P=0.004） were increased in GDM. For instance，piperic acid（P=0.029），2，2，9，9-Tetramethyl-undecan-1，10-diol（P=0.017），Lenticin（P=0.004），Docosahex－aenoyl Ethanolamide（P=0.021） were decreased in GDM. And of the all significant metabolites，N-Oleoylethanolamine had the greatest ability to classify GDM status，with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.846（95%CI=0.757 to 0.920，P=0.005）. Conclusion：Metabolomics can assist with the elucidation of metabolic mechanisms underpinning GDM development. The metabolite（N-Oleoylethanolamine） that could classify GDM status was identified in the hair of participants；highlighting the potential of maternal hair as a source of biomarkers.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the correlation between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcome in dichorionic twin pregnancies. Methods：Data of 350 dichorionic twin pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria were retrospectively studied. Specifically they were divided into three groups according to the 2009 US Institute of Medicine US（IOM） recommendations of gestational weight gain（GWG），low GWG group with 145 cases（weight gain＜16.8 kg），recommended GWG group with 170 cases（16.8 kg ≤weight gain＜24.5 kg），and high GWG group with 35 cases（weight gain ≥24.5）. The data of pregnancy complication incidence and perinatal outcome were collected for correlation analysis by multiple logistic regression. Results：The morbidity of gestational hyper-tension was positively correlated with gestational weight gain（OR=1.087，95%CI=1.008 to 1.172，P=0.031）. The gestational ages at delivery were （35.29 ± 2.25） week in low GWG group，（36.32±1.33） week in recommended GWG group and （36.50±0.94） week in high GWG group respectively，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.001）. The multiple logistic regression suggested that the incidences of extreme preterm birth（OR=0.829，95%CI=0.749 to 0.918，P=0.000） and extreme premature rupture of membranes（OR=0.776，95%CI=0.688 to 0.874，P=0.000） were negatively correlated with gestational weight gain，and the differences were of statistical significance. Conclusion：In dichorionic twin pre-gnancies，gestational weight gain conforming to the recommendation of the IOM guideline was beneficial to reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications and to gain favorable perinatal outcomes.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the in vitro fertilization（IVF） outcomes between fresh embryo transfer cycles and frozen all-thawed embryo transfer cycles and to evaluate the benefits of the “freeze-all” embryo strategy. Methods：A total of 7 043 embryo-transfer cycles performed from January 2016 to December 2016 in women aged less than 37 years were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups：3 353 fresh embryo-transfer cycles and 3 690 frozen all-thawed embryo transfer cycles. The demographic characteristics，biochemical /clinical pregnancy abortion rate，clinical pregnancy rate，ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome（OHSS） rate were compared between the two groups. Results：Although the patients receiving frozen all-thawed embryo transfer cycles had a significantly younger age than those having fresh embryo transfer cycles[（30.66±4.16） vs. （31.78±4.39） years，P<0.05]，no significant difference was found in the clinical pregnancy rate（55.77% vs. 55.41%，P=0.760） between the two groups. The incidence of severe ovarian hyper－stimulation syndrome was significantly higher in patients with fresh embryo transfer（P<0.05），but the biochemical pregnancy abortion rat was significantly lower compared with the frozen all-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Conclusion：The fresh embryo-transfer cycle has the similar pregnancy outcome with those of frozen all-thawed embryo transfer cycle. Our results support that only the patients who can’t receive fresh embryo transfer are suitable for the “freeze-all” embryo strategy.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of CO2 cryotherapy in the treatment of cervical lesions，including chronic cer－vicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN），and related influencing factors. Methods：A total of 129 patients who underwent CO2 cryotherapy for cervical lesions in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2016 to July 2017 and had complete follow-up data were enrolled，and a retrospective analysis was performed for treatment outcome，complications，and influencing factors. Results：The overall response rate of cervical CO2 cryotherapy was 80.6%（104/129）；the patients with chronic cervicitis had a response rate of 86.1%（62/72），and those with CIN had a response rate of 73.7%（42/57）. The patients with cervical lesions and human papillomavirus（HPV） infection had an HPV remission rate of 63.0%（51/81）. Conclusion：CO2 cryotherapy has a marked clinical effect in the treatment of chronic cervicitis，CIN，and HPV infection and thus holds promise for clinical application.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical value and cost-benefit value of colposcopy combined with selective thinprep cytology test （TCT） in opportunistic cervical cancer screening. Methods：Retrospective analysis was conducted among 1 055 patients undergoing colposcopy，TCT，human papillomavirus（HPV） and histopathological examination from June 2014 to December 2016. The final diag－nosis depended on the pathological results. The sensitivity，specificity，positive and negative predictive value，false negative rate，the area under ROC curve and cost-benefit value of colposcopy and colposcopy combined with TCT，TCT combined with HPV were compared. Results：For lesions≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN）Ⅱ，the specificity，positive predictive value of colposcopy was 96.9% and 84.2%，higher than that of other methods，and the cost of screening was the lowest（P＜0.05）；the sensitivity and false neg－ative rate was 65.9% and 34.1%，the screening sensitivity was lower than that of other methods. In transformation zone（TZ）Ⅰ，the sensitivity and false negative rate was 88.4% and 11.6%，and the screening sensitivity was higher than that in type Ⅱ and Ⅲ TZ（P＜0.05）. When combined with selective TCT，the sensitivity and false negative rate could be improved（P＜0.05）. The total sensitivity could be raised to 81.5%，the false negative rate could be reduced to 18.5%（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Colposcopy combined with selective liquid based cytology has high sensitivity and low false negative rate，and it has high screening sensitivity and low screening cost. It should be used for opportunistic cervical cancer screening in underdeveloped regions.

Abstract:Objective：To ascertain the best time to improve the efficiency of high-intensity focused ultrasound（HIFU） ablation，accord－ing to the individual differences between patients. Methods：In a prospective study，109 patients with single uterine myoma were treated with HIFU ablation under ultrasound guidance. Patients were divided into groups according to their admission number：the single number was included in the ultrasound contrast group，and the SonoVue procedure was performed before HIFU. When the mi－crobubbles began to enter the target area under ultrasonic monitoring，HIFU ablation was immediately initiated. In contrast，patients in the control group underwent no preoperative angiography and were only treated with HIFU ablation. Data from the HIFU treatment and after surgery were analyzed and compared between the groups. Results：The ablation rate of the CEUS group and control group was more than 70%. Average sonication power，treatment time，sonication time，total energy，and energy efficiency factor were significantly lower in the CEUS group compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Dosage and irradiation time of the ultrasound treatment were signif－icantly reduced compared with that in previous studies. Additionally，no major adverse events occurred after the ablation treatment in both groups. After three months of follow-up investigation，the myomas had healed and the clinical symptoms were alleviated in some patients. Conclusion：Immediately after the contrast medium enters the target area，HIFU ablation has the strongest synergistic effect in addressing the individual differences and achieving precise and efficient ablation in different patients.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the dosimetric characteristics of helical tomotherapy（TOMO） versus intensity-modulated radiother－apy（IMRT） in radiotherapy after ovarian-conserving radical surgery for young patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Methods：A total of 21 young patients with early-stage cervical cancer were enrolled，and each of them received radiotherapy with both TOMO and IMRT. The two methods were compared in terms of conformity index（CI） and homogeneity index（HI） of target volume，dose dis－tribution in target volume and organs at risk（OARs），number of monitor units（MUs），and delivery time（DT）. Results：TOMO had sig－nificantly better CI and HI of the target volume than IMRT（CI：0.894±0.006 vs. 0.855±0.008，P=0.000；HI：1.082±0.006 vs. 1.106±0.006，P=0.023）. As for ovarian protection，TOMO had significantly lower V5 and Dmean than IMRT（V5：17.20±0.18 vs. 38.92±0.70，P=0.000；Dmean：4.21±0.03 vs. 4.82±0.04）. TOMO also had dosimetric advantages for the normal tissues，but TOMO needed a significantly higher number of MUs than IMRT（7 729±42 vs. 1 974±23，P=0.000）. These two methods had a similar DT. Conclusion：Compared with IMRT，TOMO can obtain better conformity and homogeneity of target volume and better protect the ovary and the pelvic cavity，and therefore，it is the best choice for radiotherapy after ovarian-conserving radical surgery for young patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship between the tumor size of the high-risk clinical target volume（HR-CTV） and the reverse or conventional plan in CT-based cervical brachytherapy. Methods：Sixty-six patients treated by the CT-based intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer in our hospital from April 2015 to August 2016 were enrolled and divided into 6 groups according to the tumor size[~30 cm3 group（n=9），~45 cm3 group（n=10），~60 cm3 group（n=17），~75 cm3 group（n=11），~90 cm3 group（n=8），and >90 cm3 group（n=11）]. Each patient underwent both the reverse plan and the general plan，the superiority of which was acquired by dose volume histogram（DVH），with D1 cm3，D2 cm3，and Dmean of bladder，rectum and sigmoid colon，6 Gy prescription dose coverage volume，heterogeneity index（HI） and conformal index（CI） as evaluation parameters. Results：①All evaluation parameters in ~75 cm3 group showed no significant difference between the two plan. ②In the groups with tumor size <60 cm3，the reverse plan was superior to the general plan for protecting organs at risks. ③In the groups with tumor size >75 cm3，the general plan was superior to the reverse plan for protecting organs at risks，but inferior for target coverage volume. Conclusion：The research suggests that if the tumor size is smaller than 60 cm3，the reverse plan is superior to the general plan for protecting organs at risks. However，if the tumor size is bigger than 75 cm3，both plans have no significant superiority for protecting organs at risks or target coverage，which suggests that the treat－ment should rely on the implant technique or a combination of the intracavitary brachytherapy and implant technique.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of intrauterine balloon versus intrauterine device（IUD） as an adjuvant therapy after transcervical resection of adhesions（TCRA）. Methods：A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with intrauterine adhesion and underwent TCRA in our department from August 2014 to July 2016 and selected intrauterine balloon or IUD as a barrier after surgery were enrolled. Among these patients，24 used intrauterine balloon to prevent readhesion after TCRA，and 56 used IUD. All patients underwent hysteroscopy again within three months after initial hysteroscopy. Results：There were no significant differences between the two groups in age，number of times of pregnancy-related curettage，American Fertility Association（AFS） score before treatment，menstruation，degree of adhesion，and postoperative follow-up time（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in recovery of men－struation between the two groups after treatment（P>0.05）. The intrauterine balloon group had a pregnancy rate of 54.2%（13/24） and a live birth rate of 8.33%（2/24），and the IUD group had a pregnancy rate of 48.2%（27/56） and a live birth rate of 21.42%（12/56）；there were no significant differences between the two groups（P>0.05）. There were significant differences between the two groups in AFS score before the second hysteroscopy（2.50±2.41 vs. 1.06±1.65，P<0.05），time to pregnancy after surgery（11.23±6.93 vs. 6.89±4.39，P<0.05），and recovery of uterine morphology（P<0.05）. Conclusion：As the anti-adhesion barrier after TRCA，IUD is ad－vantageous over intrauterine balloon in improving postoperative AFS score，shortening the time to pregnancy，and promoting the re－covery of uterine morphology. The method for the application of intrauterine balloon after TRCA needs further discussion.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the curative effect of tri-combination therapy of traditional Chinese medicine cooperated with la－paroscopy on the treatment of tubal infertility. Methods：One hundred and fifty-nine patients who were diagnosed as tubal infertility in our hospital were randomly divided into control group（n=79） and observation group（n=80）. The patients in control group received pelvic adhesion separation and tubal dredge operation in the operative laparoscopy only，while patients in the observation group re－ceived this operation and after that，they were treated with tri-combination therapy of Chinese traditional medicine（oral medicine，enema，direct current（dc） drug iontophoresis） for 3 months continuously. After following-up for 6 months，the traditional Chinese medicine symptom score，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score，the degree of fallopian tube patency，and the rate of preg－nancy after treatment were all recorded. The Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the difference of curative effect between this two group. Results：Witha significant difference（P<0.05），traditional Chinese medicine symptom efficacy of observation group（97.50%）was superior to that of control group（81.01%），traditional Chinese medicine syndrome efficacy of observation group（95.00%） was superior to that of control group（78.50%），as well as the degree of fallopian tube patency between observation group（83.75%） and control group（65.82%）. Besides，there was also a significant difference（P<0.05） betweenobservation group（62.50％） and control group（41.77%） in the rate of pregnancy. Clinical efficacy rate of observation group（96.25%） was higher than that of control group（83.54%）（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Tri-combination therapy of Chinese traditional medicine cooperated with laparoscopy have a good clinical curative effect on the treatment of tubal infertility through improving the traditional Chinese medicine symptom score，the tra－ditional Chinese medicine syndrome score，the degree of fallopi－an tube patency，and the rate of pregnancy. It is worthy to be applied widely.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the distribution and variation of bacterial flora in the vaginal microenvironment of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes（PROM） through a retrospective analysis，and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of PROM caused by infection. Methods：The pregnant women with PROM who were admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled，with other related complications excluded. The bacterial flora in vaginal microenvironment during rupture of membranes and pregnancy outcome were analyzed. Results：A total of 302 patients were enrolled and divided into PROM group（n=135） and preterm premature rupture of membranes（PPROM） group（n=167）. The vaginal flora of pregnant women with PROM was dominated by G+ bacillus，usually with ureaplasma urealyticum（UU） infection and other bacterial infection. The dominant bacteria in the vaginal discharge of PPROM group were non-G+ bacillus，and showed significantly higher positive rates of UU and other bacteria than the PROM group（P<0.05）. The change in dominant vaginal bacteria had no significant effect on vaginal flora（P >0.05），and the change in vaginal flora had no significant effect on umbilical artery blood pH of neonates at birth（P >0.05）. When the dominant vaginal bacteria were non-G+ bacillus and the flora was inhabited，the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement of neonates aged 24 h was increased. When the dominant vaginal bacteria were non-G+ bacillus with positive UU and other pathogenic bacteria，the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement of neonates aged 24 h could be increased. When the bacterial flora in vaginal microecology was inhibited with positive UU，the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement of neonates aged 24 h could be increased（P <0.05）. Conclusion：Vaginal flora composed of non-G+ bacillus and infection with UU and other bacteria is the high-risk factor for PPROM. The change in dominant vaginal bacteria cannot cause imbalance of other flora. However，the change in dominant bacteria of vaginal microecology and infection with mycoplasma and other pathogenic bacteria can lead to neonatal jaundice.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the outcome indicators of postpartum pelvic floor function in parturients using different modes of delivery through a comparative analysis. Methods：A single-center control study was performed. From April to October，2016，full-term parturients who underwent reexamination at 3-6 months after delivery were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into cesarean section group and vaginal delivery group. Their general information was collected，and outcome indicators of pelvic floor function were used to compare pelvic floor muscle strength，surface electromyography values，and distribution of pelvic floor dysfunction（PFD） between the two groups. Results：There were significant differences in the incidence rates of urinary inconti－nence，uterine prolapse，and diastasis recti abdominis between the vaginal delivery group with 142 parturients and the cesarean section group with 146 parturients（P=0.00），and compared with the cesarean section group，the vaginal delivery group had significantly high－er incidence rates of uterine prolapse and urinary incontinence and a significantly lower incidence rate of diastasis recti abdominis. There were no significant differences between the two groups in type Ⅰ/Ⅱ muscle fiber strength of the superficial and deep muscle groups，rise time and recovery time of fast muscle fibers，and average electromyography values of slow muscle fibers（P >0.05），while there were significant differences between the two groups in average value of resting stage，maximum value of fast（type Ⅱ） muscle fibers，variability of slow（typeⅠ） muscle fibers，total electromyography score before treatment，and abdominal muscle involvement（P<0.05）. The vaginal delivery group had significantly lower maximum electromyography value of fast muscle fibers and incidence rate of diastasis recti abdominis than the cesarean section group. Conclusion：Both vaginal delivery and cesarean section can injure pelvic floor muscle strength and superficial electromyography value and may lead to the development of PFD.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system（LNG-IUS） in women aged above 40 years old. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 1 459 women aged above 40 years old（senior group） and 1 501 aged 20-40 years old（childbearing age group） who underwent the placement of LNG-IUS in our hospital from 2002 to 2017. The two groups were compared in terms of the indications，time，and clinical effect of LNG-IUS placement and in－cidence rates of amenorrhea，slight vaginal bleeding，and hormone-related side effects after placement. Results：There were signifi－cant differences between the two groups in the reason for LNG-IUS placement（Z=50.120，P=0.000） and time of placement（Z=33.996，P=0.000）；most patients in the childbearing age group（55.76%） underwent LNG-IUS placement for contraception，while most patients in the senior group（36.81%） underwent placement due to dysmenorrhea. Most patients in these two groups underwent place－ment during the menstrual period（65.77% vs. 72.41%）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the success rate of contraception（100% vs. 100%，P=1.000） and improvement rate of menstrual volume（93.52% vs. 93.59%，P=0.289），but the senior group had a lower remission rate of dysmenorrhea than the childbearing age group（89.57% vs. 91.50%，P=0.040）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of amenorrhea（25.32% vs. 24.49%，P=0.501），slight vaginal bleeding（27.32% vs. 29.95%，P=0.141），and hormone-related side effects（14.26% vs. 13.23%，P=0.070）. Conclusion：LNG-IUS placement has a good therapeutic effect in women aged above 40 years old with low incidence rates of amenorrhea，slight vaginal bleeding，and other side effects. Therefore，such women are suitable for LNG-IUS placement.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of female pelvic organ prolapse（POP） surgery on the sexual function of male partners. Methods：A comparative study of sexual function changes in male partners between before and after female POP surgery，including randomized controlled trials，cohort studies，and case-control studies，was performed on the basis of information retrieval from PubMed，the Cochrane Library，Medline，Embase，the Science Citation Index，the Social Science Citation Index，the Chinese Journal Full-text Database，the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database，the VIP Medical Database，and the Wanfang Medical Database. Fe－male POP surgery methods include anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall repair，vaginal hysterectomy，Manchester operation，vaginal closure，and modified pelvic floor reconstruction. Literature on female POP accompanying urinary incontinence was excluded. A meta-analysis of the retrieved data was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results：Of the 318 related articles retrieved，three were systematically evaluated for changes in the sexual function of the male partner between before and after female POP surgery. In this study，134 couples were included. The following were the scoring criteria used：no significant changes in erectile function （median，95% confidence interval[CI]：－0.04，－0.57 to 0.49，P=0.89 vs. －0.59，－2.60 to 1.42，P=0.57），ejaculation function（－0.08，－0.48 to 0.33，P=0.72 vs. －0.21，－1.20 to 0.78，P=0.68），sexual desire（－0.86，－2.43 to 0.70，P=0.28），and overall sexual satisfaction（－0.93，－2.65 to 0.79，P=0.29 vs. 0.05，－1.60 to 1.70，P=0.95） for male partners from before to after female POP surgery. Conclusion：Surgical treatment for female POP does not significantly improve the erectile and ejaculation functions，sexual desire，and overall sexual satis－faction of male partners. This study has the following limitations：limited number of related original studies and some heterogeneity in the measurement and evaluation of male sexual function.

Abstract:

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the association of cellular and humoral immunity indices with the severity of disease and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods：A total of 71 patients with sepsis included in the study were divided into sepsis group（37 cases） and septic shock group（34 cases） according to the severity of disease，and into survival group（58 cases） and death group（13 cases） according to the 28-day outcome. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ） score and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment（SOFA） score were determined when the patients were admitted to the ICU，and their immunological in－dices were measured. The differences in the above indices between the sepsis group and the septic shock group were statistically ana－lyzed. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to analyze the clinical value of the above indicators in evaluating the prognosis of the patients. Results：Compared with the sepsis group，the septic shock group had significantly higher APACHE Ⅱ score，SOFA score，CD4+/CD8+，and complement 4（C4） level（P<0.05），but significantly lower T lymphocyte percentage and comple－ment 3（C3） level（P<0.05）. Compared with the survival group，the death group had significantly higher APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score（P<0.05），but significantly lower CD4+/CD8+ and C3 level（P<0.05）. A multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that SOFA score and C3 level were predictors of the severity of sepsis. According to the results of ROC curve analysis，the ar－eas under the ROC curve for CD4+/CD8+，APACHE Ⅱ score，and SOFA score were 0.807，0.843，and 0.853，respectively（P<0.05）；in predicting sepsis-induced death，CD4+/CD8+ had a sensitivity of 69.2% and a specificity 86.2% at the optimal cut-off value of 21.9%，APACHEⅡ score had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 79.3% at the optimal cut-off value of 22，and SOFA score had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 79.3% at the optimal cut-off value of 17.5. Conclusion：T lymphocyte percentage，CD4+/CD8+，C3，and C4 are associated with the severity of sepsis，which provides a potential value in assess－ing the severity of sepsis. C3 is an independent predictor of the severity of sepsis. CD4+/CD8+ can reflect the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of high-resolution three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography（3D CE-MRV） combined with three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging（3D T1-weight MRI） in surgical planning for stereotactic electroencephalography. Methods：A total of 12 patients with medically intractable epilepsy who planned to undergo SEEG surgery were enrolled. Individualized MRI was performed，and the iPlan software was used to develop surgi－cal plans. A total of 89 electrodes were implanted，and the results of the surgery were analyzed. Results：The 89 electrodes were successfully implanted，and no postoperative bleeding was observed. Of all patients，2 had insular epilepsy. Conclusion：High-resolu－tion 3D CE-MRV helps to find the avascular trajectory and 3D T1-weight MRI helps to know the structure of brain tissue in the avascular trajectory. Their combination can accurately develop the surgical plan and reduce complications.

Abstract:Objective：To compare cerebral edema of antegrade cerebral perfusion（ACP） among different temperatures in patients who underwent surgery for aortic coarctation at age < 3 years，and to evaluate the feasibility of electrical impedance tomographic assessment of cerebral edema. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed the basic data（sex，age，and weight） of 60 patients who underwent aortic coarctation and intracardiac deformity within 3 years of age，between January 2012 and January 2017，in our hospital. According to the nasopharyngeal temperature at the time of stopping circulation，the patients were divided into the deep hypothermia（17.0 ℃-20.0 ℃），medium-low temperature（20.1 ℃-25.0 ℃），and shallow hypothermia groups（25.1 ℃-30.0 ℃）. In addition，serum aquaporin 4 expression level and brain electrical impedance coefficients（CEICs） were measured at seven time points（including the time after anesthesia induction，before ACP，at the end of ACP，at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass，and 3，12，24 hours after sur-gery）. Twenty patients with subarterial ventricular septal defect in our hospital during the same period were included as the control group. Results：Analysis of variance was used to analyze the whole set of data，and the Sidak test of simple effect analysis was used to analyze the difference between groups at the same time point. The serum AQP4 level was significantly higher in the deep hypothermic group than in the moderate hypothermic，mild hypothermic，and control groups at the end of ACP，the end of CPB，3 hours after surgery，12 hours after surgery，and 24 hours after surgery（Famong groups=160.755，Pamong groups=0.000；Ftimes=283.208，Ptimes=0.000；Finteractions=19.859，Pinteractions=0.000）. The CEIC level was significantly higher in the deep hypothermic group than in the moderate hypothermic，mild hypothermic，and control groups at the end of CPB，and 3，12，and 24 hours after surgery（Famong groups=55.243，Pamong groups=0.000；Ftimes=90.805，Ptimes=0.000；Finteractions=10.743，Pinteractions=0.000）. Conclusion：The cerebral injury in the deep hypothermia group during the antegrade cerebral perfusion of the aortic coarctation at age < 3 years may be higher than that in the moderate hypothermic，mild hypothermic，and control groups. Electrical impedance tomography can be used for assessing cerebral edema.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the features of inhaled allergens in patients with allergic diseases in Chongqing，China，and to optimize the number and type of inhaled allergens used for skin prick test（SPT）. Methods：SPT was performed for 2305 patients sus－pected of having allergic diseases who visited Department of Allergy in Chongqing People’s Hospital from September 2014 to August 2016，and their results were analyzed. The distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens were described according to age and season，and then the combination of allergens for SPT was optimized to cover at least 95% of patients with positive allergens. Results：Of all 2 305 patients，1 672（72.54%） had at least one positive skin prick reaction. The six most common allergens identified by SPT were Dermatophagoides farina（62.00%），Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（58.61%），cockroach（28.81%），cat hair（14.62%），Humulus （14.45%），and mugwort（14.27%）. Among the patients with grade（+++） positive inhaled allergens or above，Dermatophagoides farina had a positive rate of 77.75% and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus had a positive rate of 76.24%，which were significantly higher than the positive rate of other allergens. The overall positive rate of allergens was 67.81% in spring，72.63% in summer，78.78% in autumn，and 72.09% in winter，and there was a significant difference between seasons（χ2=17.741，P=0.000）. The positive rate of dust mite showed a similar seasonal change trend as the overall pos－itive rate of allergens. The patients aged ≤17 years，18-39 years，40-59 years，and ≥60 years had overall positive rates of aller－gens of 82.31%，73.78%，64.77%，and 54.97%，respectively，and there was a significant difference between these age groups（χ2=65.456，P=0.000）；the positive rate of inhaled allergens decreased with the increase in age. SPT with four inhaled aller－gens（Dermatophagoides farina，cockroach，Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus，and Humulus） was sufficient to identify ≥95% patients with positive allergens among the patients with suspected allergic diseases in Chongqing. Conclusion：Dermatophagoides farina and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are the most common inhaled allergens in patients with allergic diseases in Chongqing. The positive rate of inhaled allergens is affected by age and season and shows a certain trend. SPT with four inhaled allergens can identify most patients with positive inhaled allergens and can be used as the economic and effective allergen combination for the epidemiological survey of inhaled allergens in patients with allergic diseases in Chongqing.

Abstract:Objective：To study the difference of respiratory pathogen distribution in children with Tracheobronchomalacia （TBM） complicated pneumonia and children with simple pneumonia. Methods：Retrospectively analyze medical records and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF） specimen data of two groups，children with tracheobronchomalacia complicated pneumonia which named TBM group and children with simple pneumonia which named NTBM group，from January 2012 to December 2016 in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，with 337 cases in each group. According to their age，they were divided into infant group（aged 0 days to 1 year） and young children group（aged 1 to 3 years）. According to the severity of pneumonia，they were divided into severe pneumonia group and non-severe pneumonia group. Then data was compared in groups. Results：①As a whole，in TBM group and NTBM group，the total bacteria positive rate were 54.90% and 45.99%，and with significant difference（P=0.021）. The tops four bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae，Escherichia coli，Kleb－siella pneumoniae and Hemophilus parainfluenzae. The positive rate of Escherichia coli were 12.17% and 4.75%，and respec－tively with significant difference（P=0.001） among two groups. ②Considering the non-severe pneumonia group，in TBM group and NTBM group，the positive rate of bacteria were 57.75% and 47.62%，the positive rate of Escherichia coli were 11.24% and 4.40%，and the positive rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae were 10.46% and 4.40%，respectively with significant difference（P=0.019，P=0.003，P=0.007） among two groups. As to bacterial type in infant group，the Escherichia coli ranked first in TBM group and the Strep－tococcus pneumonia ranked first in NTBM group. The Escherichia coli postive rate of two groups were 13.89% and 5.31% re－spectively，with significant difference（P=0.001）. ③Respiratory syncytial virus（RVS） ranked first in TBM group and NTBM group，with no significant difference（P=0.502）. There was no significant difference in total virus positive rate and Mycoplasma pneumonia positive rate between the two groups（P=0.361，P=0.055）. Chlamydia pneumonia positive rate was 0. Conclusion：①Difference in bacterial distribution existed between TBM complicated pneumonia and simple pneumonia. The distribution was the most in Escherichia coli，which ranked first in infant particularly. ②In the non-severe pneumonia group，bacterial infection rate of children with TBM complicated pneumonia was higher than that of children with simple pneumonia，among which the Escherichia coli infection rate was significantly higher. ③In term of the distribution of virus and Mycoplasma pneumonia，there was no significant difference between children with TBM complicated pneumonia and children with simple pneumonia. Chlamydia pneumonia infection was not found in the study.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the advantages of the P3T modularized and personalized injection technique in “one-stop-shop” cardiac inspection by dual-source computed tomography（CT）. Methods：Forty patients undergoing “one-stop-shop” cardiac inspec－tion were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group received a conventional dosage regimen based on the patients’ body mass. The experimental group received a dosage regimen calculated by the P3T modularized and personalized injection technique（Medrad，Inc.） based on the patients’ condition. Both groups received “one-stop-shop” cardiac inspection by a second-generation dual-source CT scanner（Siemens，Inc.） using the contrast medium with an iodine concentration of 370 mg/mL（Ultravist）. The image quality and contrast medium dosage were compared between the two groups with other parameters remaining the same. Results：All patients in the two groups were successfully inspected. There were no significant differences in general information between the two groups（P>0.05）. In terms of the quality of coronary artery images，there were no significant differences in the CT values of the proximal or middle coronary arteries between the two groups（the proximal right coronary artery P=0.829，the middle right coronary artery P=0.837，the proximal anterior descending coronary artery P=0.927，the middle anterior descending coronary artery P=0.731，the proximal circumflex coronary artery P=0.637，the middle circumflex coronary artery P=0.949）；there were also no significant differences in the CT values of the proximal and middle segments of coronary arteries between the two groups（the proximal and middle segment of the right coronary artery P=0.991，the proximal and middle segment of the anterior descending coronary artery P=0.512，the proximal and middle segment of the circumflex coronary artery P=0.164）；the CT values of the distal coronary arteries were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（the distal right coronary artery P=0.016，the distal anterior descending coronary artery P=0.012，the distal circumflex coronary artery P=0.024）；the CT values of the middle distal and proximal distal coronary arteries were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group（the middle distal segment of the right coronary artery P=0.000，the proximal distal segment of the right coronary artery P=0.011，the middle distal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery P=0.002，the proximal distal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery P=0.002，the middle distal segment of the circumflex coronary artery P=0.000，the proximal distal segment of the circumflex coronary artery P=0.006）. In terms of the image quality in the myocardial perfusion analysis，the number of beam-hardening artifacts caused by the contrast medium was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the con－trol group（44 vs. 69）；there were no significant differences in the mean iodine concentrations of the normal myocardium in the basal or middle layer of the heart during diastole between the two groups（the basal layer of the heart P=0.236，the middle layer of the heart P=0.624）；the mean iodine concentrations of the normal myocardium in the apical layer and apical segment during diastole were sig－nificantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（the apical layer of the heart P=0.012，the apical segment of the heart P=0.014）. There was no significant difference in the contrast medium dose between the two groups（P=0.734）. Conclusion：In the “one-stop-shop” cardiac inspection，the P3T modularized injection technique（Medrad，Inc.） can effectively improve the image quality by effectively demonstrating the distal and minor branches of the coronary arteries and reducing the false-positive results caused by the contrast medium-induced beam-hardening artifacts during the myocardial perfusion analysis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of dynamic changes of serum phosphorus concentration in predicting the survival of pa－tients with sepsis. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 92 patients with sepsis who were treated in our hospital from January to December，2017. According to the 28-day survival，the patients were divided into survival group with 63 patients and death group with 29 patients，and the mortality rate was 31.52%. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical da－ta，Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ） score，and serum phosphorus levels on days 1，3，5，and 7 after admission to the intensive care unit（ICU），and the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the value of serum phosphorus at different time points and APACHEⅡ score in predicting the survival of patients with sepsis. Results：There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation，the distribution of infection sites，and the duration of ICU stay between the two groups（P>0.05），and the survival group had significantly lower rate of use of vasoactive drugs and APACHE Ⅱ score than the death group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in serum phosphorus between the two groups on day 1 after admission to the ICU（P >0.05）；the survival group had a gradual increase in serum phosphorus，while the death group had a gradual reduction；on days 3，5，and 7 after admission to the ICU，the survival group had a significantly higher serum phosphorus level than the death group（P<0.05）. Serum phosphorus level on day 7 after admission to the ICU and APACHEⅡ score had an area under the ROC curve of 0.952（95% confidence interval[CI]：0.912-0.996） and 0.830（95% CI：0.742-0.915），respectively，and thus had a high predictive value. At the cut-off value of 1.02 mmol/L，serum phosphorus level on day 7 after admission to the ICU had a sensitivity of 92.31%，a specificity of 82.61%，a positive likelihood ratio of 5.31，and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.09 in predicting the survival of patients with sepsis. Conclu－sion：The survival group has a gradual increase in serum phosphorus，while the death group has a gradual reduction. Serum phospho－rus level on day 7 after admission to the ICU has the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting the survival of patients with sep－sis and thus has the highest predictive value.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the advantages，disadvantages，and application prospects of harmonic scalpel（HS） and monopolar electrocautery（ME） in superficial parotidectomy. Methods：The clinical data of patients who underwent superficial parotidectomy from June 2016 to June 2017 were retrospectively studied. All surgeries were completed using the same method by experienced surgeons，and the patients were divided into HS group and ME group based on the surgical tool used. Sex，age，pathological diagnosis，tumor diameter，time of operation，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative drainage volume and time，length of postoperative hospital stay，postoperative facial nerve function，and postoperative hematoma and salivary fistula were compared between the two groups. Results：Superficial parotidectomy was performed using HS in 24 patients and ME in 25 patients. Postoperative drainage time（3.13±0.90 vs. 3.72±0.79，t=2.460，P=0.018），length of postoperative hospital stay（5.0±1.10 vs. 5.60±0.76，t=2.221，P=0.031），and degree of post－operative temporary facial paralysis（Z=-2.138，P=0.033） were significantly reduced in the HS group than in the ME group. However，there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss，time of operation，postoperative drainage volume，and postoperative hematoma and salivary fistula between the two groups（all P>0.05）. Conclusion：HS is a safe and reliable tool that provides superior protection of the facial nerves and the tissues near the surgical wound to ME during superficial parotidectomy，and should therefore be widely promoted for clinical application.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of plan-do-check-act（PDCA） cycle management procedure in the management of contrast agent leakage in contrast-enhanced computed tomography（CT）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT in our hospital from March 2015 to February 2017. A total of 40 223 patients who underwent conventional nursing in contrast-enhanced CT from March 2015 to February 2016 were enrolled as control group，and 44 831 patients who underwent PDCA cycle management in contrast-enhanced CT from March 2016 to February 2017 were enrolled as observation group. The chi-square test was used to compare the incidence rate and degree of contrast agent leakage between the two groups. Results：A total of 76 patients experienced contrast agent leakage，resulting in an incidence rate of 0.08%，with 28 patients（0.06%） from the observation group and 48（0.11%） from the control group. Compared with conventional nursing，PDCA cycle management significantly reduced the incidence rate of contrast agent leakage（28/44 831 vs. 48/40 223， X2=7.638，P= 0.006）. In addition，PDCA cycle management significantly reduced moderate contrast agent leakage（7/44 831 vs. 16/40 223， X2= 4.579，P=0.032），but it did not reduce mild contrast agent leakage（19/44 831 vs. 27/40 223，X2 =2.402，P=0.121） and severe contrast agent leakage（2/44 831 vs. 5/40 223，X2=0.811，P=0.368）. Conclusion：PDCA cycle management for nursing intervention in contrast-en－hanced CT can reduce the incidence rate of contrast agent leakage and improve the quality of nursing.

Abstract: