Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role of AMD3100 and granulocyte colony-stimulating（G-CSF） used alone or in different se－quences in the mobilization of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells（EPCs） in diabetic mice（db/db mice），and to provide thoughts for collecting EPCs from diabetic patients for clinical treatment. Methods：With reference to the dose and methods described in related articles in China and foreign countries，AMD3100 and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating（rhG-CSF） injection were used for the mobilization of bone barrow EPCs. A total of 80 male db/db mice aged 5-6 weeks were randomly divided into group A （AMD3100+NS mobilization group），group B（AMD3100+G-CSF mobilization group），group C（G-CSF+AMD3100 mobilization group），and group D （NS blank control group）. A total of 80 db/+ male mice were selected as corresponding controls and were divided into groups A’，B’，C’，and D’. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the heart on days 3，7，10，and 14 after mo－bilization，and flow cytometry was used to measure the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells. The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation（%），and comparison and analysis were per－formed after statistical analysis. Results：On days 3，7，10，and 14 after mobilization，there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells between groups D and D’（P>0.05），but group D’ had a higher proportion than group D（P=0.003）. In group A，the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells gradually increased and reached the highest value on day 7 and then gradually decreased；in groups B and C，the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells gradually increased and reached the highest value on day 10 and then gradually decreased；the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells at the peak was significantly higher than that at the other three time points（P=0.000）. On day 10，groups B and C had a significantly higher proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells in peripheral blood of db/db mice than groups A and D（P=0.000），but there was no significant difference between groups B and C（P>0.05）. In groups A’，B’， and C’ after mobilization，the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells gradually increased and reached the peak on day 7 and then gradually decreased；the proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells on day 7 was significantly higher than that at the other three time points（P=0.000）. On day 7，the C’ group had a significantly higher proportion of CD34+/CD133+/Flk-1+ cells than groups A’，B’， and D’（P=0.000）. Conclusion：AMD3100 combined with G-CSF has a better effect in the mobilization of bone marrow EPCs than AMD3100 alone. In non-diabetic conditions，G-CSF followed by the addition of AMD3100 has a better mobilization effect，but in diabetic conditions，AMD3100 followed by the addition of G-CSF has a better mobilization effect.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of 14，15-DHET on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase（eNOS） in bovine aortic endothelial cells（BAECs） and angiogenesis. Methods：According to the concentration of 14，15-DHET，BAECs were divided into 0（control group），0.1，0.5，1，and 5 μmol/L groups，with a stimulation time of 24 hours；according to the time gradient，BAECs were divided into 0（control group），4，8，12，and 24 hours groups，with a stimulation concentration of 5 μmol/L. The expression of eNOS was measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） were divided into control group and treatment group，with a con－centration of 14，15-DHET of 0 and 5 μmol/L，respectively，and the effect of 14，15-DHET on angiogenesis was observed after 24 hours of stimulation. Results：As for concentration gradient，the 0.1，0.5，1，and 5 μmol/L 14，15-DHET groups had an expression level of eNOS protein in BAECs of 1.456±0.008，2.202±0.045，3.931±0.170，and 4.588±0.179，respectively，which was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）. As for time gradient，the 4，8，12，and 24 hours groups treated with 5 μmol/L 14，15-DHET had an expression level of eNOS protein in BAECs of 1.521±0.021，1.922±0.061，3.642±0.173，and 4.813±0.134，respec－tively，which was significantly higher than that in the control group（P <0.05）. After HUVECs were stimulated by 5 μmol/L 14，15-DHET，the treatment group had significantly longer total tubular length and total tubular branching length than the con－trol group（13 715.000±448.092 and 12 538.000±574.182 vs. 10 426.000±950.537 and 8 672.000±1 025.486，P=0.043 and 0.035）. Conclusion：The results of this study show that 14，15-DHET can increase the expression of eNOS in BAECs and promote angiogenesis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the molecular basis for nicotine（NIC） to induce resistance of epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors（EGFR-TKI） in EGFR-mutated PC-9 cells and the effect of the metformin in the process. Methods：PC-9 cells were divided into 4 groups，namely control group，NIC group，MET group and MET+NIC group. EMT markers were detected by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR） and Western blot. Cell counting Kit-8（CCK-8） assays were used to evaluate the sensibility to gefitinib of different group cells. The invasion ability and migration ability of different groups were detected by Transwell assay. Results：Nicotine in－duced epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） of PC-9 cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. Down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of Vimentin were most significant with a treatment of 10 μmol/L nicotine for 10 h，so further experi－ments were completed under this condition. CCK-8 displayed reduction of gefitinib sensitivity of PC-9 cells in the NIC group com－pared with the control group，especially with a gefitinib concentration of 0.05 μmol/L（F=82.005，P=0.000，P=0.000）. In invasion as－says，more penetrating cells were observed in the NIC group than in the control group[（15.70±1.53） vs. （32.70±2.08），F=75.406，P=0.000，P=0.000]. Migration assays presented similar results [（102.70±7.02） vs. （18.70±2.08），F=204.038，P=0.000，P=0.000]. E-cadherin mRNA expression decreased[（0.932±0.100） vs. （0.459±0.024），F=25.924，P=0.000，P=0.000] and Vimentin mRNA expression increased[（1.200±0.200） vs. （1.973±0.129），F=20.998，P=0.000，P=0.000] in the NIC group compared with the control group，and Western blot showed the same results. Cells in the MET+NIC group displayed higher sensitivity to gifitinib，which is statis－tically significant with a gifitinib concentration of 0.05，0.10，0.50，1.00 and 5.00 μmol/L. Fewer cells penetrated the Matrigel in the NIC+MET group[（17.00±2.00） vs. （32.70±2.08），F=75.406，P=0.000，P=0.000] and migration assays presented similar results [（51.70±5.03） vs. （102.70±7.02），F=204.038，P=0.000，P=0.000]. E-cadherin mRNA expression was upregulated[（0.459±0.024） vs. （0.838±0.058），F=25.924，P=0.000，P=0.000]，and Vimentin mRNA expression was downregulated [（1.973±0.129） vs. （1.467±0.115），F=20.998，P=0.000，P=0.003] in the NIC+MET group compared with the NIC group. Western blot showed the same results. Conclusion：Nicotine induced EGFR-TKI resistance in PC-9 cells by EMT in non-small cell lung cancer，which could be reversed by metformin.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of miR-335-5p on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and its underlying mecha－nism. Methods：The expression of miR-335-5p in gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823，MKN-28，MKN-45 and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1 were tested by qRT-PCR. SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cell lines were transfected by overexpression and antagonist lentivus respectively and the experimental groups were divided into：miR-335-5p group（transfected with miR-335-5p overexpression lentivus） and negative control group（transfected with empty lentivus，NC） in SGC-7901 cell line，and antago-miR-335-5p group（transfected with antagonist lentivus） and negative control group（transfected with empty lentivus，NC） in BGC-823 cell line. The effect of miR-335-5p on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells was tested by CCK-8 assay，colony formation assay and EdU assay. The target gene of miR-335-5p was predicted by bioinformatics software. Western blot was selected to test the expression level of Oct4，AKT and pAKT. Results：The expression level of miR-335-5p was downregulated in gastric cancer cell lines compared with that in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell line. CCK-8 assay，colony formation assay and EdU assay showed that the absorbance（A） value，colony formation number and EdU positive cell in overexpression miR-335-5p group were lower than those in NC group while antago-miR-335-5p group had higher A value，colony formation number and EdU positive cell than NC group. Oct4 was pre－dicted as a target gene of miR-335-5p. The protein expression level of Oct4 was lower in miR-335-5p group（0.469±0.054） than in NC group（0.670±0.045）（P=0.008）；the protein ex－pression level of Oct4 was higher in antago-miR-335-5p group（0.804±0.046） than in NC group（0.600±0.073）（P=0.015），and dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to prove that miR-335-5p could target Oct4. The expression level of pAKT was lower in overexpression miR-335-5p group（0.525±0.046） than in its NC group（0.847±0.053）（P=0.001）；the expression level of pAKT was higher in antago-miR-335-5p group（0.841±0.069） than in NC group（0.563±0.063）（P=0.007）. Conclusion：miR-335-5p works as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by targeting Oct4 to inhibit the AKT pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the in vitro release characteristics and in vivo gastrointestinal absorption of curcumin ethosomes （CMET）. Methods：Curcumin（CM） group，curcumin liposome（CMLP） group，and CMET group were established in this study. The dynamic dialysis method was used to evaluate in vitro release characteristics. A rat model of in vivo single-pass perfusion was estab－lished and CM，CMLP，and CMET were administered，respectively，to investigate the absorption of CM in the stomach and intestinal segments. Results：The cumulative release rates of CMET in the release media（pH 1.2 HCl，pH 6.8 PBS） were （87.77±0.20）% and （84.72±0.53）%，respectively，which were 2.25 and 2.26 times those of CM，respectively，and the release curves were consistent with the Weibull model. The absorption rate constants（Ka） of CMET in the duodenum，the jejunum，the ileum，and the colon were 11.28×10-2，5.24×10-2，6.12×10-2，and 5.93×10-2 L/min，respectively，which were 1.9，1.1，1.6，and 2.6 times those of CM；the effective permeability（Peff） values of CMET in these four intestinal segments were 9.15×10-3，4.21×10-3，5.11×10-3，and 6.41×10-3 cm/s，respectively，which were 2.4，1.3，1.8，and 3.2 times those of CM. The statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between CMET and CM in Ka in the duodenum，the jejunum，the ileum，and the colon（P=0.006，0.007，0.001，and 0.004，respectively） and Peff in these four intestinal segments（P=0.000，0.028，0.000，and 0.005，respectively）. Conclusion：CMET can improve the in vitro release behavior of CM and promote the absorption of CM in the small intestine.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of different concentrations of estradiol（E2） on proliferation and apoptosis in human amni－otic mesenchymal stromal cells（HAMSCs）. Methods：The improved enzyme digestion method was used to isolated culture HAMSCs. Flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to identify the cultured cell. HAMSCs were divided into control group and E2 group（E2 with concentration of 10-5，10-6，10-7，10-8 mol/L were added respectively）. The proliferative ability of HAMSCs in each group was measured by cell counting Kit-8 assay（CCK-8）. Real-time PCR method was applied to measure the expression of the mRNA associated with pluripotency（Oct-4） and the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and Bax was measured by Western blot. Results：CCK-8 showed that the proliferation activity of HAMSCs in each concentration E2 group and control group changed with time（Ftime=2418.132，Ptime=0.000）. There was no significant difference between the the proliferation rate of the E2 group of each concentration in the 1 to 4 days and the control group，while the proliferation rate of each concentration E2 group was signifi－cantly higher than that of the control group after 4 days（Fgroup=246.601，Pgroup=0.000），and there was no significant difference among the concentration groups. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression of Oct-4 was significant higher in 10-6 mol/L E2 group（1.00±0.10） than in control group（0.58±0.16） and other E2 concentration group（1.31±0.22，0.81±0.04，0.78±0.07）（P=0.000，P=0.020，P=0.001，P=0.001）. In addition to 10-6 mol/L E2 group（0.83±0.47）（P=0.084），the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was significant lower in other E2 concentration group（0.49±0.25，0.38±0.19，0.32±0.10） than in control group（1.06±0.13）（P=0.038，P=0.015，P=0.010），and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was significant higher in 10-5 mol/L E2 group（2.20±0.58） than in control group（1.00±0.05） and other E2 concentration group（1.52±0.38，1.38±0.17，1.17±0.19）（P=0.001，P=0.028，P=0.012，P=0.003）. Western blot showed that protein expression of Bax was significant higher in 10-5 mol/L E2（0.514±0.014） group than control group（0.201±0.017）（P=0.000）. Nevertheless，protein expression of Bcl-2 was no significant higher in 10-5 mol/L E2 group（0.366±0.024） than in control group（0.215±0.080）（P=0.055）. Protein expression of Bax was significant lower in 10-6 mol/L E2 group（0.378±0.016） than in other E2 concentration group（0.514±0.014，0.547±0.036，0.577±0.028）（P=0.000）. Conclusions：The present study demonstrates E2 can promote the proliferation of HAMSCs，proliferative effect was time dependency. And high concentration of E2 group（10-5 mol/L） can promote apoptosis，however higher concentration of E2 group（10-6 mol/L） can maintain activity of HAMSCs and protect pluripotency.

Abstract:Objective：To screen for the genes in the nuclear receptor family that affect the transcriptional activities of HBV enhancers or the core promoter，and to characterize the role of the initially screened gene germ cell nuclear factor（NR6A1） on the transcription and replication of HBV. Methods：cDNA was obtained by the reverse transcription of the mRNA from HepG2 cells. Different nuclear receptor genes were amplified from the cDNA and cloned into the plasmid PCH9. Then the plasmids were co-transfected with the plasmid with Renilla luciferase reporter gene driven by the core promoter of HBV（pcore-Rluc） into the HepG2 cells. The luciferase activity was assayed to screen for the nuclear receptor genes that had an effect on the transcriptional activities of the enhancers or the core promoter. Next，the plasmid of 1.3-fold HBV genome and NR6A1 were co-transfected into HepG2 cells. The intracellular HBV replication intermediates were analyzed by Southern blot，and HBV RNA was assayed by Nothern blot. Results：Among those screened genes，NR6A1 showed a most significant influence on the HBV enhancer or the core promoter，as the Rluc activity was decreased by about 80% in the NR6A1 group compared to the control group（0.198±0.009 vs. 1.000±0.319，P=0.000）. Overexpression of NR6A1 decreased the relative luciferase activity of BCP（PCH9-1744-Rluc） group by 50% compared to that in the control group（0.504±0.023 vs. 1.000±0.099，t=6.534，P=0.0226），as well as decreasing the relative luciferase activity in the BCP+Enh Ⅱ（PCH9-1636-Rluc） group by 92% compared to that in the control group（0.089±0.002 vs. 1.000±0.042，t=31.59，P=0.001）. Both of the truncated mutants of NR6A1，NR6A1DBD or NR6A1LBD，did not significantly affect the relative luciferase activity of pcore-Rluc（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Overexpression of NR6A1 inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus by reducing the transcription activities of the core promoter and enhancer II in HepG2 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the different degrees of reductions in bone mass of cancellous bone and cortical bone in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus（T1DM） and related mechanism. Methods：A total of 30 C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into wild-type（WT） group and T1DM group. The mice in the T1DM group were given intraperitoneal injection of strep－tozotocin to establish a model of T1DM，and those in the WT group were given injection of the same dose of normal saline. Micro-CT，X-ray radiology，HE staining，and bone morphometry were used to observe the changes in bone mass and osteogenic activity. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of the factors involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway，including low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6（LRP-6），β-catenin，lymphoid enhancer factor（LEF-1），T cell factor（TCF），and osteoblast-related transcription factors，including alkaline phosphatase（ALP），osteocalcin（OCN），osterix（OSX），and runt-related transcription factor 2（Runx2）. Results：According to the results of morphological examination，the T1DM group had the greatest reduction in bone mass of the distal femur and a slight reduction in bone mass of the middle femur. Micro-CT analysis revealed that compared with the WT group，the T1DM group had significant reductions in the following indices of cancellous bone：bone volume per total volume（0.16±0.01 vs. 1.27±0.08，P<0.01），trabecular thickness（0.04±0.01 vs. 0.09±0.01，P<0.01），and trabecular number（1.90±0.27 vs. 4.53±0.45，P<0.01）；as for the corresponding indices of cortical bone，compared with the WT group，the T1DM group had significant reductions in bone area per total area（0.35±0.05 vs. 0.40±0.02，P<0.05） and cortical thickness（0.17±0.01 vs. 0.18±0.01，P<0.05）. Bone mor－phometry showed that compared with the WT group，the T1DM group had significant reductions in the following indices of cancellous bone：osteoblast surface per bone surface（12.15±0.46 vs. 21.69±0.37，P=0.000），mineralizing surface per bone surface（30.19±1.02 vs. 38.02±0.70，P=0.000），mineral apposition rate（0.74±0.06 vs. 1.13±0.10，P=0.000），and bone formation rate（0.25±0.02 vs. 0.48±0.04，P=0.000）；as for the corresponding indices of cortical bone，the T1DM group also had significant reductions in these indices compared with the WT group（osteoblast surface per bone surface：12.80±0.13 vs. 16.41±0.29，P=0.000；mineralizing surface per bone surface：36.16±1.22 vs. 42.21±0.54，P=0.000；mineral apposition rate：0.67±0.34 vs. 0.83±0.03，P=0.000；bone formation rate：0.27±0.02 vs. 0.36±0.04，P=0.000）. RT-PCR showed that compared with the WT group，the T1DM group had significantly lower expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway factors LRP-6，β-catenin，TCF，and LEF-1 and osteogenic differentiation indices ALP，OCN，OSX，and Runx2 in cancellous bone（0.18±0.13 vs. 1.00±0.13，0.23±0.20 vs. 1.00±0.15，0.29±0.23 vs. 1.00±0.23，0.22±0.17 vs. 1.00±0.12，0.52±0.10 vs. 1.00±0.00，0.52±0.11 vs. 1.00±0.10，0.42±0.01 vs. 1.00±0.10，0.34±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.08，all P<0.01） and cortical bone（0.74±0.65 vs. 1.00±0.07，0.63±0.45 vs. 1.00±0.09，0.75±0.58 vs. 1.00±0.08，0.70±0.63 vs. 1.00±0.05，0.67±0.19 vs. 1.00±0.23，0.73±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.23，0.63±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.39，0.62±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.11，all P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed a similar trend as RT-PCR. Conclusion：In T1DM mice，the reduction in cancellous bone mass is greater than that in cortical bone mass，which might be caused by the greater downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cancellous bone than in cortical bone.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influence of different brands，enamel/dentin composite shade matching methods and enamel thicknesses on the color of double-layered resin composite restorations. Methods：Three brands of commercial resin composites（3M，Coltene，Kerr） were included in this study following two color matching methods：①Dentin color was the same with enamel color. ②Dentin color was 1unit darker than enamel color. Composite disk specimens with enamel thicknesses 0.0，0.5，1.0，2.0 and 3.0 mm were made（n=6）. The color of the specimens were assessed using a colorimeter and the color differences（ΔE） between the specimens and the VITA Classical Shade tab A2 shade were calculated. The results were analyzed by three-way analysis and Tukey’s test（P<0.05）. Results：With respect to the three composite brands，Coltene had the highest ΔE values and Kerr had the lowest ΔE values. ΔE values of color matching method 1 were significantly lower than those of color matching method 2. Enamel composite thickness of 0.5 mm was the lowest ΔE values and ΔE values were increased with the increasing of enamel thickness. Conclusion：Regarding to double-layered resin composite restorations with A2 shade，Kerr has the best results in matching the shade guide. The most color-matched method is the enamel shade and dentin shade with the same shade. The most color-matched enamel composite thickness to the shade tab is under 1.0 mm for Kerr and 3M.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation of peripheral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR） to the severity of atherosclerosis and plaque stability in patients with coronary intermediate stenosis. Methods：Totally 51 patients with coronary intermediate stenosis were divided into two groups according to the absolute value of NLR：high NLR group（NLR>2.73，n=23） and low NLR group（NLR≤2.73，n=28）. Basic clinical history and related laboratory parameters were collected. The severity of coronary artery stenosis and plaque components were analyzed by coronary angiography（CAG） and intravascular ultrasound（IVUS）. Results：（1）The incidence of Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome（NSTE-ACS） was significantly higher in high NLR group than in low NLR group（70% vs. 39%，P=0.031）；（2）The degree and ratio of coronary artery stenosis were remarkably higher in patients of high NLR group compared with those in patients of low NLR group according to the measurements of coronary minimal lumen diameter [（1.28 ± 0.04） mm vs. （1.44±0.03） mm，P=0.002] and diameter stenosis percentage[（61.69±1.37）% vs. （55.03± 0.91）%，P=0.000）]；（3）The plaque burden and the length of lesions in high NLR group was significantly heavier than that in low NLR group[（74.51 ± 1.16）% vs. （69.90±1.22）%，P=0.010；（22.33±1.24） mm vs. （19.34±0.55） mm，P=0.023]. The incidence of thin-cap fibroatheroma（TCFA） and the percentage of necrotic core area were also higher in high NLR group than in low NLR group[For TCFA incidence，57% vs. 25%，P=0.022；for the percentage of necrotic core area，（24.70±0.70） % vs. （21.11±0.74）%，P=0.001]. Conclusion：NLR is posi－tively correlative to the severity of coronary intermediate stenosis，which might be a novel biomarker predicting the instability of atherosclerotic plaques，and helping for therapy planning in patients with coronary intermediate stenosis.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the occurrence of internal carotid artery curvature in patients with intracranial aneurysm，and to in－vestigate whether there is correlation between internal carotid artery curvature and intracranial aneurysm. Methods：The general case data of 177 patients with aneurysms（patients with ruptured aneurysms and unruptured aneurysms） and 164 patients without a－neurysms（control patients） were retrospectively analyzed by case-control study. The internal carotid artery curvature was divided into no，tortuosity，kinking and coiling by computed tomogrphy angiography（CTA） images. Univariate analysis was performed on the degree of carotid artery tortuosity and general data between the aneurysm group and the control group，and then the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the statistical significance factors of univariate analysis. Finally，the correlation between aneurysm-related features and internal carotid artery curvature was analyzed. Results：Kinking was 47 cases（26.6%） and 26 cases （15.9%） in the aneurysm group and in the control group. Univariate analysis showed that kinking was significantly correlated with the incidence of intracranial aneurysms（P=0.016）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that kinking was an independent factor affecting the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms（P=0.002，OR=2.573，95%CI=1.426 to 4.641）. There was no correlation between internal carotid artery curvature and intracranial aneurysm rupture，size and number. Conclusion：Internal carotid artery curvature is one of the factors affecting the occurrence of intracranial aneurysm.

Abstract:Objective：To provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment by analyzing the characteristics of female vaginal mi－cro-ecology in the outpatients. Methods：Conducting a retrospective study by analyzing the women who took vaginal micro-ecological detection in the hospital from January 2015 to December 2015. The contents of the vaginal micro-ecology was analyzed mainly in－cluding vaginal pH，lactobacillus and cleanliness. Results：①The vaginal micro-ecology of 3 219（14.61%） patients was normal；how－ever，the other 18 810 patients（85.39%） were abnormal including dominant flora in 9 443 cases（9 443/18 810，50.20%），the simple coleitise in 6138 cases（6 138/18 810，32.63%）and the mixed coleitise in 1 241 cases（1 241/18 810，6.60%）. The bacterial vaginosis （BV） occupied for 52.74%（3 237/6 138），which is the most common type among the simple coleitis. The vulvovaginal candidiasis （VVC） occupied for 40.00%（2 455/6 138）. The BV and VVC occupied for 25.87%（321/1 241），which is common in the mixed coleitis，followed by aerobic vaginitis（AV） and VVC（268/1241，21.60%）. ②Vaginitis is closely related to age. It was found that the constituent ratio of AV+VVC over 50-year-old is significantly lower than that of group of 21 to 50 years old（P=0.00）. ③The number of lactobacillus is closely related to the pH of vagina（P=0.00）. Conclusion：The incidence rate of abnormal vaginal micro-ecological is high in outpatients. Some patients with definitive diagnosis for pathogenic bacteria have mixed infection. Different age groups have different constitutions of vaginal micro-ecological. We should combine the age of patients with vaginal micro-ecological status in the treatment of coleitis. When taking sterilization，we also should restore the balance of vaginal micro-ecological at the same time pre－venting coleitis happening repeatedly.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical value and possible influencing factors of fractional exhaled nitric oxide（FeNO） in patients with cough variant asthma（CVA）. Methods：Totally 607 patients with chronic cough consecutively referred to our hospital from October 2015 to September 2016 were selected. All cases were carried out FeNO measurement at first；next，spirometry，bronchoprovocation tests or bronchodilation tests and combining with the history were used to confirm or exclude CVA. Logistic regression model was established to analyze the factors associated with CVA. Receiver operating characteristic curve（ROC） was used to determine the best cut-off value of FeNO for CVA diagnosis and to evaluate the diagnostic value of FeNO and FeNO combined with other related factors in CVA. Results：Totally 331 cases were diagnosed as CVA and the other 276 cases were non-CVA. FeNO levels of CVA group were significantly higher than those of non-CVA group[（54.7±44.5） ppb vs. （19.8±11.9） ppb，P<0.01]. 31 ppb was the best cut-off value of FeNO identifying CVA with the sensitivity of 61.63% and the specificity of 89.13%. The area under ROC curve was 0.794. The maximum value of Youden’s index was 0.507 6. The positive predictive value was 87.18%，the negative predictive value was 65.95%. The increase of age caused the decrease of FeNO. The area under the ROC curve of FeNO combined with age and smoking history for diagnosing CVA was 0.813，which was slightly higher than the area under the ROC curve under the single use of FeNO，but the dif－ference between them was not statistically significant（P=0.224）. Conclusion：FeNO test is an effective auxiliary diagnosis method for CVA，which is helpful for the differential diagnosis of chronic cough. The diagnostic value of FeNO combined with other related factors for patients with CVA is not better than that of FeNO alone.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the reasonable range of central lymph node（CLN） dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC） in cN0 T1/T2 by analyzing the metastatic pattern of PTC in cN0 T1/T2. Methods：A total of 532 patients with PTC in cN0 T1/T2 who were consecutively admitted to the same treatment group in Department of Thyroid Surgery，The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University，from October 2013 to September 2016 were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent total thy－roidectomy and prophylactic operation of bilateral CLN dissection. The relationship between the sex，age，diameter of primary tumor，and number of lesions and CLN metastasis was analyzed. Results：There was a significant difference in CLN metastasis rate between the patients aged >45 years and the patients aged ≤45 years（27.0%[67/248] vs. 44.0%[125/284]， ?字2=16.584，P=0.000） and between the patients with non-microcarcinoma and the patients with microcarcinoma（50.3%[80/159] vs. 30.0%[112/373]， ?字2=19.893，P=0.000）. However，there was no significant difference in CLN metastasis rate between the female patients and the male patients（34.9%[150/430] vs. 41.2%[42/102]， ?字2=1.415，P=0.234） and between the patients with single focal carcinoma and the patients with multifocal carcinoma（33.9%[116/342] vs. 40.0%[76/190]， ?字2=2.103，P=0.147）. Ipsilateral central lymph node（Ipsi-CLN） metas－tasis was not associated with the number of lesions（ ?字2=0.884，P=0.347），but was associated with the ipsilateral tumor diameter（ ?字2=6.648，P=0.010）. Contralateral central lymph node metastasis was not associated with the number of lesions（ ?字2=0.202，P=0.653），but was associated with the contralateral tumor diameter（ ?字2=17.268，P=0.000）. The posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve central lymph node（LN-prRLN-CLN） metastasis was associated with the tumor diameter of bilateral multifocal carcinoma（ ?字2=4.260，P=0.039），but was not associated with the tumor diameter of left and right unilateral single focal lesion（ ?字2=0.166，P=0.684； ?字2= 3.226，P=0.072）. Conclusion：It is recommended that PTC in cN0 T1/T2 should be routinely treated with prophylactic CLN dissection in the case of technical support. The reasonable range of CLN dissection for PTC in cN0 T1/2 should be based on individual features：1）the patients with unilateral non-microcarcinoma and bilateral multifocal carcinoma should undergo bilateral CLN dissection，especially the patients aged ≤45 years；2）the patients with unilateral single or multifocal microcarcinoma should undergo Ipsi-CLN dissection；3）LN-prRLN-CLN dissection is not necessary to do generally，but the patients with bilateral non-microcarcinoma and right non-micro－carcinoma should undergo LN-prRLN-CLN dissection.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the clinical value of negative-pressure therapy in tension-free herniorrhaphy for the prevention of postoperative infection. Methods：A retrospective analysis was done on 1 553 cases of inguinal hernia admitted in our treatment from January 2011 to May 2016. The incisions infection rates before and after treatment were collected and compared. Results：In 1 553 cases，there were 55 cases of postoperative incision infection（3.54%），among which，30 cases were in the drainage group（1192 cases） with a incidence rate of 2.51% and 25 cases in the control group（361 cases） with a incidence rate of 6.93%. There was a correlation between the drainage and the incision infection，and the difference was statistically significant（P=0.00）. Conclusion：It can effectively drain the exudates，promote the incision union and decrease postoperative infections by using negative-pressure drainage in the oper－ations of tension-free herniorrhaphy.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation between serological markers for liver cirrhosis and Child-Pugh class and its clini－cal significance. Methods：A total of 235 patients with liver cirrhosis who were treated in Department of Infectious Diseases in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2016 to April 2017 were enrolled，among whom 55 had Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis，90 had Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis，and 90 had Child-Pugh class C cirrhosis，and 35 individuals who under－went physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as controls. The indices including liver function parameters，liver fibrosis indices，and platelet count were measured and analyzed. Results：There were significant differences between the two groups in hyaluronic acid（HA），laminin（LN），type Ⅲ collagen（PC-Ⅲ），type Ⅳ collagen（Ⅳ-C），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），alanine aminotransferase（ALT），and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index（APRI）（P<0.05）. HA，PC-Ⅲ，Ⅳ-C，LN，and AST had an area under the ROC curve of 0.910，0.804，0.833，0.753，and 0.730，respectively. HA，PC-Ⅲ，and Ⅳ-C were positively correlated with Child-Pugh class（r>0.7，P<0.01），and APRI was positively correlated with Child-Pugh score（0.4

Abstract:Objective：To survey the characteristics and treatments of postoperative pain in Chongqing hospitals of China. Methods：A questionnaire survey was conducted in all inpatients aged over 9 and undergone surgery between 0：00 on March 18th and 24：00 on March 20th，2015 in 18 hospitals in Chongqing city. All patients were interviewed within postoperative 48 hours. The presence and intensity of postoperative pain at the time of the survey，as well as the intensity of the most severe pain that patient had ever experienced after surgery were assessed. Pain was measured by numerical rating scale（NRS）. Moreover，information about treatment of postoperative pain was also recorded. And relevant medical-surgical data were retrieved from the patients’ hospital records. Results：A total of 1 147 patients were investigated，and the investigation rate was 98.12%. The overall prevalence of postoperative was 96.6%. At the specific time of the survey，210（18.3%） patients reported moderate to severe pain at rest，and 572（49.9%） patients reported moderate to severe pain on movement. Meanwhile，482（42.0%） patients complained they had experienced moderate to severe pain at rest after surgery，and 966（84.2%） patients had ever suffered moderate to severe pain on movement following surgery. In tertiary non-teaching hospitals，tertiary non-teaching hospitals and secondary hospitals，incidence of moderate to severe pain at rest in patients of were 30.7%，42.5%，and 54.7%，respectively（P<0.01），and moderate to severe pain on movement were 78.5%，80.7%，93.4%，respectively（P<0.01）. There were 892（77.8%） patients received analgesics to treat postoperative pain. More patients（81.6%） in tertiary teaching hospitals received analgesics than patients in tertiary non-teaching hospitals（74.4%）. A combination of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was the most commonly used analgesic regimen after surgery in tertiary teaching hospitals，whereas other grades hospitals preferred to use opioids alone to control postoperative pain. In hospitals of Chongqing，patient controlled analgesia was the most popular analgesic technique，and analgesics were most commonly administered by intravenous injection. Conclusion：The incidence of postoperative pain of inpatients is rather high in hospitals of Chongqing. Moderate to severe pain occurs relatively less frequently in tertiary teaching hospitals than in tertiary non-teaching hospitals and secondary hospitals. Analgesics combination is commonly used in tertiary teaching hospitals，while single opioid administration is popular in tertiary non-teaching hospitals and secondary hospitals.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation of iodine nutritional status with superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and levels of interferon-inducible protein 10（IP-10） and thyroid hormone in elderly patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis（HT）. Methods：A total of 92 elderly patients with HT who visited the Department of Endocrinology in Tangshan Workers’ Hospital and 40 clinically healthy elderly subjects who had physical examinations during the same period were tested for their serum SOD activity，levels of urine iodine and IP-10，and other indices related to thyroid function. SOD activity，the levels of IP-10 and thyroid hormones，and the incidence of HT were compared between the subjects with different nutritional status. The correlation between iodine，SOD，and IP-10 was analyzed. Results：Compared with the control group，the elderly patients with HT had higher mean levels of urinary iodine（216.63 μg/L） and IP-10（194.41 ng/L），but lower SOD activity（92.99 U/mL）. The group with adequate iodine had significantly increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone，free triiodothyronine，free thyroxine，and IP-10，but significantly decreased SOD activity. A correlation analysis showed that urinary iodine was negatively correlated with SOD activity and positively correlated with serum IP-10 level，and serum SOD activity was negatively correlated with the IP-10 level（r=0.662）. Conclusion：Excessive iodine intake is associated with HT in the elderly. High iodine level can affect the thyroid function，oxidative stress，and chemotactic factor level of patients.

Abstract:Objective：To improve the understanding and diagnosis and treatment of the ileocecal lesions by retrospectively analyzing the etiology and clinical features of 151 cases of ileocecal lesions. Methods：The clinical data of 151 patients with the ileocecal lesions were collected. All patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2011 January to 2016 December. The manifestation，etiology，check methods and diagnosis were analyzed. Results：Tumor was the most frequent cause of the ileocecal lesions，accounting for 58.9%（89/151） of all cases，followed by Crohn’s disease（CD），intestinal tuberculosis（ITB），ulcera－tive colitis（UC），intestinal polyps，accounting for 14.5%，10.5%，3.9%，3.3% respectively. Other rare causes were Behcet’s diease，diverticulum，nonspecific inflammatory，mucous cyst etc. There were 80 males and 71 females，with an average age of （55.1±18.3）. There was no significant difference in the ratio of male to female in etiology（χ2=0.079，P=0.779）. Neoplastic diseases are more common in the elderly（56/89，62.9%），and non neoplasitc diseases occur in young people（30/61，49.2%），with statistical significance（ χ2=24.214，P=0.000）. The mainly clinical manifestations were abdominal pain，diarrhea，tarry stool，bloody stool，abdominal mass，weight loss etc. The most effective check method was colonoscopy and biopsy，followed by enhanced computed tomography of abdominal. The misdiagnosis rate of non neoplastic diseases was 21.6%（11/51），and most of them were misdiagnosed by CD and ITB（10/38）. Conclusion：The clinical manifestations of ileocecal lesions are lack of specificity，the main causes of which are neoplastic diseases，and colonoscopy and biopsy is the main examination method. Non neoplastic diseases are easy to be misdiagnosed，mainly in CD and ITB，colonoscopy and biopsy and abdominal enhanced CT and other auxiliary examinations coupled with followed-up can effectively improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a preliminary bone mineral density（BMD） database and the peak BMD of people from different age groups in Chongqing，China，through the measurement of BMD in 2 805 healthy women in Chongqing，and to investigate the effect of age and body mass index on BMD. Methods：Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry（DXA） was used to determine the BMD of the lumbar vertebrae（L1-4） and the femoral neck of healthy women who had physical examinations in Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from June 2011 to November 2015. Results：The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in 2 805 healthy women was 11.44%，and it increased with age（ χ2=403.800，P=0.000）. The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in women over 50 years of age was 26.04%；there were significant differences in the proportions of women with normal bone mass and osteoporosis before and after the age of 50 years（P=0.000）. The peak BMD（1.116±0.120） g/cm2 of lumbar vertebrae was reached at the age of 35 to 39 years，and the peak BMD（0.935±0.146） g/cm2 of femoral neck was reached at the age of 17 to 19 years. Conclusion：In this study，a DXA-measured BMD database of lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck of people in Chongqing was established.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship between serum testosterone levels and hyperlipidemia and prostate cancer serum testosterone levels，by analyzing blood lipids and related indicators in 389 cases of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods：Retrospective analysis was conducted in 389 cases of prostate biopsy or prostatectomy from January 2014 to March 2018. There were 117 cases of prostate cancer and 272 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia，including 137 cases of hyperlipidemia. The data of age，free prostate specific antigen（fPSA），total prostate specific antigen（TPSA），f/PSA，serum testosterone，prostate volume（PV），and pathological diagnosis were collected. The study group was prostate cancer and thecontrol group was benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results：There were significant differences in age，TPSA，f/PSA and PV between the prostate cancer group and the benign prostatic hyperplasia group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between fPSA and serum testosterone（P>0.05）. In the low testosterone group and high testosterone group，there was no significant difference in testosterone between the two groups（P>0.05）. Among patients with hyperlipidemia，there was a statistically significant difference in hypercholesterolemia between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia（P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference between high triglyceride and low-high density lipoprotein（P>0.05）. Conclusion：There is no clear relationship between serum testosterone levels and the risk of prostate cancer. Hypercholesterolemia may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical value of extravascular lung water（EVLW） combined with central venous-arterial par－tial pressure of carbon dioxide/arterial-central venous oxygen content difference ratio[P（cv-a）CO2/C（a-cv）O2 ] in the early treatment of septic shock. Methods：A total of 50 patients with septic shock who were admitted to the intensive care unit（ICU） of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2015 to 2017 were enrolled and randomly divided into early goal-directed therapy（EGDT） group with 28 patients and EVLW+P（cv-a）CO2/C（a-cv）O2 group with 22 patients（P/C group）. Mean arterial pressure（MAP），heart rate（HR），and central venous pressure（CVP） were con－tinuously monitored for all patients，and arterial blood samples and central venous blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis to measure PaCO2，PcvCO2，PcvO2，ScvO2，Hbcv，PaO2，SaO2，Hba，and blood lactate at the time of ICU admission and at 6 hours after resuscitation. P（cv-a）CO2/C（a-cv）O2 was calculated；CaO2=1.34×Hba×SaO2+0.003×PaO2，CcvO2=1.34×Hbcv× ScvO2+0.003×PcvO2，and C（a-cv）O2=CaO2-CcvO2. For patients in the P/C group，extravascular lung water（EVLW） was measured by pulse-induced contour cardiac output（PiCCO），once every 3 hours，and the mean value of three consecutive measurements was recorded. Lactate clearance rate was calculated according to the following equation：lactate clearance rate=（blood lactate value at the time of ICU admission-blood lactate value at 6 hours after resuscitation）/blood lactate value at the time of ICU admission×100%. The dose of the vasoactive agent norepinephrine within 6 hours after resuscitation was compared between the two groups. The 28-day mortality rate was calculated. Related indices after fluid resuscitation were compared between the two groups. Results：There were no significant differences between the two groups in MAP，ScvO2，and the proportion of patients achieving EGDT target at 6 hours after fluid resus－citation（P>0.05）. Compared with the EGDT group，the P/C group had significantly higher lactate clearance rate at 6 hours after fluid resuscitation and urine volume per hour（P<0.05），as well as significantly lower resuscitation fluid volume，CVP，P（cv-a）CO2/C（a-cv）O2，and dose of vasoactive agent（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality rate between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion：EVLW combined with P（cv-a）CO2/C（a-cv）O2 can be used to guide EGDT for septic shock. It can accurately evaluate tissue perfusion and volume load in patients with septic shock as early as possible and guide the rational use of liquid therapy and vasoactive drugs in clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on the coronary blood supply of patients through quan－titative analysis of the left ventricular myocardial contrast echocardiography（MCE） results at different time points of continuous instil－lation of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride. Methods：A total of 52 intraoperative patients were randomly divided into experimental group（n=26） and control group（n=26）. The patients in the experimental group received general anesthesia with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride；the MCE images were collected at five different time points：before administration，at 10 min，30 min，and 1 h of administration，at the time of withdrawal，and at 2 h after withdrawal，and then a quantitative analysis was performed on the myocardial acoustic intensity of contrast agent at different time points in a workstation. The control group was given propofol，and the MCE data were collected at the same time points as the experimental group. The myocardial acoustic intensity reflected the blood perfusion in the myocardium；an increase in acoustic intensity difference indicated a reduction in coronary blood perfusion，while a reduction in acoustic intensity difference indicated an increase in coronary blood perfusion. Results：The acoustic intensity difference varied significantly at different time points（P<0.05）. There was a significant interaction between time and group（P<0.05），suggesting the changing trend in acoustic intensity difference over time was different between the experimental group and the control group. The acoustic intensity difference showed no significant difference between the two groups（P=0.268），indicating that the grouping factor had no influence. In the experimental group，the myocardial acoustic intensity difference decreased rapidly from 4.82 to 2.95 at 10 min of administration，and the decrease became slower at 30 min；the acoustic intensity difference returned to the value before administration at 2 h after operation. In the control group，there was no significant change in myocardial acoustic intensity. Conclusion：Dexmedeto－midine hydrochloride can dilate the coronary artery and thus increase the myocardial blood supply during operation.

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Abstract:Objective：To describe inherited bilateral ectopia lentis caused by p.Arg974CYs mutation in the FBN1 gene. Methods：The boy’s clinical data and family history were recorded. Ophthalmic examination and family gene detection were performed for the boy. Detailed ophthalmic examination included vision，lens position by slit-lamp examination，optometry，central corneal thickness，corneal curvature，fundus examination，axial length，ophthalmic ultrasound，and intraocular pressure measurement. Agilent exon array micro－processor capture and high-throughput sequencing were used for gene detection. Results：A heterozygous mutation，C2920C>T（p.Arg974Cys），of the FBN1 gene was found in the affected mother and the son，while it was not found in the father who was unaffected. The study on the clinical manifestation of this disease revealed several new clinical manifestations，including normal corneal curvature accompanied by amblyopia. Conclusion：Isolated ectopia lentis is closely associated with Marfan syndrome. Potential aortic dissection or aortic aneurysm caused by FBN1 mutation may turn isolated ectopia lentis into Marfan syndrome. Intraocular lens implantation is recommended for such patients after they become adults.