Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influence of glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β） inhibition on autophagy in rats with cere－bral ischemia/reperfusion injury and the mechanism of affecting autophagy via Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1（ULK1）. Methods：Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operation group（Sham group，ligation of the internal carotid artery alone），middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） group（MCAO was performed to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion），GSK-3β interference fragment group（siGSK-3β group；the GSK-3β interference fragment was injected at 24 hours before model establishment），GSK-3β non-significant sequence group（ConsiGSK-3β group；non-significant sequence was injected at 24 hours before model establishment），and GSK-3β inhibitor group（SB216763 group；the inhibitor SB216763 was injected at 6 hours before model establishment），with 5 rats in each group. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of tyrosine-216-phosphorylated GSK-3β [GSK-3β（P-tyr216）]，autophagy microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 antibody Ⅰ/Ⅱ（LC3B Ⅰ/Ⅱ），sequestosome 1（P62），phosphorylated ULK1（P-ULK1），and acetylated ULK1 （AcK） in the cerebral cortex. An electron microscope was used to measure the number of autophagosomes. Results：Compared with the Sham group，the MCAO group had a significant increase in the expression of GSK-3β（P-tyr216）（P=0.000）. Compared with the MCAO group，the siGSK-3β group and the SB216763 group had significant increases in the expression of LC3B I/II and P-ULK1（P=0.000） and significant reductions in the expression of P62（P=0.000） and AcK（SB216763 group：P<0.05；siGSK-3β group：P<0.01），and autophagosomes were observed under the electron microscope. Conclusion：GSK-3β inhibition can enhance au－tophagy via phosphorylated ULK1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfu－sion injury.

Abstract:Objective：To obtain human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin（NGAL） recombinant protein and its polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies，and to provide a powerful experimental basis for further functional research and clinical application of NGAL. Methods：The coding region of NGAL mature peptide gene was codon-optimized，chemically synthesized，and then inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pW28. Transfected E.coli B834 cells were induced by IPTG to produce rhNGAL. The recombinant pro－tein was was purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography column. The aggregation in solution was analyzed by Hiload Superdex 75 gel flittration column. Rabbits and BALB/c mice were immunized with the rhNGAL to produce polyclonalant antibodies and high speci－ficity monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology to identify antibody subtypes. After being purified by Protein G affinity column，the antibodies was detected by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry，non-competitive ELISA and SDS-PAGE analysis. Finally，Western blot，immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used for antibody identification. Results：NGAL recombinant protein was successfully expressed with high purity and mainly existed in monomer form. Recombinant procalcitonin was successfully expressed. Rabbit polyclonal antibody was also produced. Six hybridoma cell lines stably secreting mAbs were screened，hereinto the mAb25 was IgG1 subtype，and the others belonged to IgG2a subtype. The affinity constant of mAb19 and 35 was 3.06×109 and 2.14×109，respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purity was higher than 90%. Excellent immuno-reactivity and specificity of the antibodies was showed by Western blot immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis. Conclusion：Highly purified rhNGAL protein，anti-NGAL polyclonal antibodies and specific monoclonal antibodies are obtained in this study. The findings lay the foundation for the further study on the function of NGAL in pathophysiology and other regions，and promotes the development of domestic NGAL clinical diagnostic reagents.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influence of hypoxia on the bioactivities of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts（hPDLCs）. Methods：The fifth-generation hPDLCs were selected and cultured under the condition of severe hypoxia（1% O2），mild hypoxia（5% O2），or normoxia（21% O2）. MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation rate of hPDLCs. An inverted microscope was used to ob－serve cell morphological changes. Wound healing assay was used to observe the migration ability of hPDLCs. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the expression and distribution of hypoxia inducible factor-1（HIF-1） in hPDLCs，and RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1） under dif－ferent levels of O2. Results：Compared with normal hPDLCs，the hPDLCs cultured in 1% O2 had a significant reduction in cell number in a microscopic field，with sparse arrangement and a change in structure. The growth rate of hPDLCs decreased with the reduction in oxygen concentration；the lower the oxygen concentration，the slower the proliferation rate. At 72 hours after scratch in the wound healing assay，hPDLCs migrated to the scratched area in all three groups，but the severe hypoxia group had a significantly lower mi－gration rate than the mild hypoxia group and the normoxia group（0.917±0.023 vs. 0.742±0.046/0.453±0.039，F=530.237，P=0.002）. HIF/DAPI staining showed that under the condition of normal oxygen，HIF-1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm，and with the gradual reduction in oxygen concentration，HIF-1 gradually mi－grated to the nucleus. Conclusion：Hypoxia can inhibit the pro－liferation and migration of hPDLCs and change their morpholo－gy. Under the hypoxic condition，HIF-1 gradually migrates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus，and there are increases in the ex－pression of HIF-1 and IGF-1，suggesting that hypoxia has cer－tain influence on the bioactivity of hPDLCs.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the change in Th17/Treg immunologic balance in the kidney in mice with adriamycin（ADR） nephropathy and the effect of prednisone on Th17/Treg immunologic balance in the kidney in this model. Methods：Healthy male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group，ADR nephropathy group（ADR group），ADR+low-dose pred－nisone[ADR+Pre（low）] group，and ADR+high-dose prednisone[ADR+Pre（high）] group. Since week 5 after the model was estab－lished，the two treatment groups were given prednisone suspension by gavage at a dose of 13.5 and 18 mg/kg，respectively，once a day for 8 weeks. The Coomassie brilliant blue method was used to measure the concentration of random urinary protein；Serum Creatinine Kit was used to measure random urine creatinine；HE staining and a transmission electron microscope were used to observe renal histopathological changes；flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of Th17 and Treg cells in the kidney. Results：Compared with the control group，the ADR group showed progression from minimal change nephrotic syndrome to focal segmental glomeruloscle－rosis and significant increases in random urinary protein-creatinine ratio（RUPCR）（P=0.000） and percentage of Th17 cells in the kidney（P=0.000），and there was no significant difference in the percentage of Treg between the two groups；the ADR group showed Th17/Treg imbalance（P=0.000）. Compared with the ADR group，the two prednisone treatment groups had vary－ing degrees of relief of kidney injury and a significant reduction in RUPCR（P<0.01），and the ADR+Pre（high） group had a significantly greater reduction than the ADR+Pre（low） group（P<0.05）. Compared with the ADR group，the ADR+Pre（high） group had significant reductions in Th17 cells（P<0.05） and Th17/Treg ratio（P<0.01），while there was no significant difference in Treg cells between the two groups. Conclusion：Kidney injury becomes worse with the aggravation of Th17/Treg imbalance in the kidney in mice with ADR nephropathy. Early prednisone treatment can downregu－late the percentage of Th17 cells in the kidney，delay Th17/Treg imbalance，and thus protect the kidney.

Abstract:Objective：To research the effect of baicalin on alveolar fluid clearance（AFC） in rats with acute lung injury（ALI） induced by lipopolysaccharides（LPS）. Methods：Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into control group，ALI group and baicalin pretreatment group（ALI+baicalin group），with 5 rats in each group. The ALI+baicalin group was further divided into three subgroups with different concentrations（10，50，100 mg/kg）. SD rats in each group were killed for measurement of ratio of wet to dry（W/D） weight of lung tissue，cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） level by radioimmunoassay，pathological changes and AFC at 2，4 and 6 h. Results：Compared with ALI group[W/D weight：（9.88±1.53）；concentration of cAMP：（265.80±62.39） pmol/g]，baicalin pre-treatment[baicalin 10 mg/kg group：（7.94±1.14）；baicalin 50 mg/kg group：（6.13±1.34）；baicalin 100 mg/kg group：（5.38±1.43）] significantly decreased W/D weight of lung tissue（P＜0.05），and [baicalin 10 mg/kg group：（381.00±60.51） pmol/g；baicalin 50 mg/kg group：（493.40±63.93） pmol/g；baicalin 100 mg/kg group：（582.40±47.44） pmol/g] significantly increased concentration of cAMP in lung tissue（P＜0.05） in a dose-dependent manner with increasing doses. Interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were markedly decreased when being pretreated with baicalin. AFC was significantly increased in ALI+baicalin group in a dose-dependent manner at different intervals（P＜0.05）. Meanwhile，cAMP concentration in lung tissue was positive correlated with AFC（r=0.984，P=0.002）. Addition of amiloride to the instillate decreased fluid clearance significantly. Baicalin or LPS had no significant effect on AFC in rats with ALI as amiloride being added in the instillate（P＞0.05）. Conclusion：Baicalin alleviates low AFC in rats with ALI probably by increasing intercellular cAMP level to modulate epithelial sodium channel.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） and curcumin（Cur） on the changes in mitochondrial func－tion and activity and cell apoptosis in osteoblasts. Methods：Primary mouse osteoblasts were cultured in vitro and then divided into control group（N group without any treatment），Cur group（pretreated with 10 μmol/L Cur for 2 hours and then cultured with normal medium for 24 hours），LPS group（treated with 1 mg/L LPS for 24 hours），and Cur+LPS group（pretreated with 10 μmol/L Cur for 2 hours and then treated with 1 mg/L LPS for 24 hours）. A mitochondrial fluorescent probe was used to detect reactive oxygen species （ROS），and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex，mitochondrial membrane potential，synthesis of ATP in cells，and cell apoptosis were also measured. Results：After the stimulation with 1 mg/L LPS，ROS in the mitochondria was 2.59 times that in the control group. Compared with the control group，the LPS group had a 21% reduction in the activity of respiratory chain complexⅠ， a 26% reduction in the activity of respiratory chain complex Ⅲ，and a 28% reduction in the activity of respiratory chain complex Ⅳ， as well as a 32% reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential，an amount of ATP synthesis of 0.79±0.06 μmol/mg protein，and a 3.2-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Com－pared with the LPS group，the Cur+LPS group had a significant reduction in ROS（1.48±0.21 vs. 2.59±0.32，P=0.003），signifi－cant increases in the activities of respiratory chain complexⅠ（0.98±0.02 vs. 0.79±0.03，P=0.000），Ⅲ（0.93±0.03 vs. 0.74±0.03，P=0.004），and Ⅳ（0.92±0.05 vs. 0.72±0.02，P=0.009），a sig－nificant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential（0.91±0.04 vs 0.68±0.04，P=0.002），a significant increase in ATP synthesis（1.53±0.05 vs. 0.79±0.06，P=0.000），and a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic cells（1.67±0.42 vs. 5.33±0.80，P=0.002）. Conclusion：Osteoblasts pretreated with Cur had a significant improvement in mitochondrial function and a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic cells，which provide an experimental basis for the application of Cur in clinical treatment of periodontitis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the inhibitory effect of regulator of G-protein signaling 2（RGS2） on inflammation after intracere－bral hemorrhage（ICH） in rats. Methods：Sixty-nine SD rats were divided into sham-operation group，ICH group，negative control lentivirus+ICH group，RGS2 overexpression lentivirus+ICH group，and time window group. Twelve SD rats were assigned to each of the first four groups and three SD rats to each of subgroups under the time window group，consisting of normal，ICH6h，ICH12h，ICH24h，ICH48h，ICH72h，and ICH7d. A rat model of ICH was established by injecting type VⅡ collagenase into the basal ganglia. Neurological function was scored on 3 days after model establishment. The wet-dry weight method was used to measure brain wa－ter content. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the content of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） in the brain tissue around the hematoma. The immunofluorescence staining method was used to detect the expression of myeloperoxidase（MPO） around the lesion. Results：①The expression of RGS2 increased from （0.5792±0.0198） after ICH，reached a peak level of （0.809 3±0.076 2） at 12 hours after surgery，then decreased，and returned to a normal level of （0.600 0±0.083 0） on 7 days after surgery. ②Compared with the ICH group，the RGS2 overexpression lentivirus+ICH group had a significantly reduced brain water content and a significantly improved neurological function score on 3 days after surgery（0.794 0±0.001 5 vs. 0.804 7±0.003 4；7.429 0±0.976 0 vs. 11.570 0±2.070 0）. ③The expression of TNF-α and IL-1β around the hematoma on 3 days after surgery was significantly lower in the RGS2 overexpression lentivirus+ICH group than in the ICH group（1.407±0.055 vs. 1.743±0.179；0.762±0.046 vs. 0.917±0.085）. The A values of TNF-α and IL-1β were lower in the RGS2 overexpression lentivirus+ICH group than in the ICH group（32.92±1.13 vs. 40.38±0.99；32.84±1.08 vs. 39.29±1.39）. ④The RGS2 over－expression lentivirus+ICH group had significant lower expression of MPO around the lesion than the ICH group and the negative control lentivirus+ICH group. Conclusion：RGS2 inhibits the expression of TNF-α，IL-1β，and MPO around the hematoma after ICH in rats，which can reduce brain edema，improve neurological function，and inhibit inflammation after ICH.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the inhibitory effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） 1/2 dual inhibitor OSI-027 on hyperoxia-induced lung injury and fibrosis in juvenile Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats. Methods：A total of 72 juvenile SD rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into air+normal saline group，hyperoxia+normal saline group，hyperoxia+rapamycin group，and hyperoxia+OSI-027 group，with 18 rats in each group. An animal model was established. Hyperoxia intervention was performed with 90% oxygen，and normal saline，rapamycin，and OSI-027 interventions were performed via intraperitoneal injection on days 1，3，6，8，10，and 13 of observation，respectively. On days 3，7，and 14，the change in body weight，lung wet/dry（W/D） ratio，lung injury scores，and alve－olar septal thickness were measured；lung histopathological ex－amination was performed；immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to evaluate the distribution and expression of mTOR and phosphorylated ribosomal S6 kinase（pS6K1） in lung tissue. Results：As for the factor of time，there were significant increases over time in body weight（Ftime=297.098，P=0.000），immunohistochemistry of mTOR（Ftime=379.978，P=0.000），mTOR（Ftime=166.991，P=0.000），and pS6K1（Ftime=122.676，P=0.000）. All groups except the air+normal saline group had significant increases in lung injury scores（Ftime=1 410.362，P=0.000），alveolar septum thickness（Ftime=356.312，P=0.000），and pS6K1 immunohistochem－istry（Ftime=57.992，P=0.000） over time，as well as an increase in lung W/D ratio on days 3 and 7（Ftime=28.915，P=0.000） and a reduction in lung W/D ratio on day 14. As for the factor of grouping，the air+normal saline group had a significantly higher body weight（Fgroup=176.597，P=0.000） and significantly lower lung W/D ratio（Fgroup=28.484，P=0.000） and alveolar septum thickness（Fgroup=296.223，P=0.000） than the other groups. At all time points except day 3，the hyperoxia+normal saline group had significantly higher mTOR immunohistochemistry（Fgroup=134.100，P=0.000），pS6K1 immunohistochemistry（Fgroup=234.697，P=0.000），mTOR（Fgroup=59.377，P=0.000），and pS6K1（Fgroup=101.837，P=0.000） than the other groups；the hyperoxia+rapamycin group had significantly higher lung injury scores than the other groups（Fgroup=2 420.076，P=0.000），and the hyperoxia+OSI-027 group had significantly lower scores than the hyperox－ia+normal saline group and the hyperoxia+rapamycin group. Conclusion：A high concentration of oxygen can activate the mTOR sig－naling pathway in lung tissue；mTOR may promote the development and progression of hyperoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis，possibly by inhibiting activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. OSI-027 can alleviate hyperoxia-induced lung injury and fibrosis in juvenile SD rats.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effect of Auranofin on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and the autophagy in mice infected with Tox－oplasma gondii. Methods：The changes of Toxoplasma gondii ultrastructure were observed before and after treatment by transmission electron microscopy. The changes of autophagy protein LC3 in brain tissue with Toxoplasma gondii were detected by immunofluores－cence，immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The changes of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in the brain of mice were ob－served by HE staining. Results：The transmission electron microscopy showed that in 10 ?滋g/mL group（group B），the internal struc－ture of Toxoplasma tachyzoite was destroyed，the cell membrane of the worm was ruptured，and the cytoplasm structure changed，while in 20 ?滋g/mL group（group C），the insect body content overflowed，the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum disappeared，karyopyknosis was shown，nuclear membrane was ruptured，many vacuoles presented in the cytoplasm，and in more serious situation，the insect body collapsed and presented a homogenous change. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the expression of LC3 protein in the experimental group（77.49±15.68） was significantly higher than that in the control group（53.81±15.24）（P=0.001）. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of LC3 protein was significantly increased after treatment（1 208.55±580.07 vs. 544.54±225.04）（P=0.000）. The results of immunoblotting assay showed that after treatment，the expression of LC3 protein was significantly higher（41 738.52±0.00） than that in the control group（25 383.88±607.34）（P=0.000）. After treatment，the proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites in the brain of mice was significantly less（218.80±21.17） than that in the control group（495.40±31.91）（P=0.000）. Conclusions：Auranofin can destroy Toxo－plasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro，and meanwhile promote the autophagy of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii to inhibit the proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate whether Polygonum cillinerve can antagonize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA） using a multilevel evaluation system and the immunoregulatory mechanism of its antagonistic effect. Methods：Tube double dilution was used to perform drug sensitivity test to observe the inhibitory effect of Polygonum cillinerve on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and whether Polygonum cillinerve can affect the invasion of MRSA in host cells. Fibronectin adhesion test was used to evaluate the in－fluence of Polygonum cillinerve on bacterial adhesion. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the effect of Polygonum cillinerve on the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors（TLRs），nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains（NODs），and downstream inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-6（IL-6） in AT-Ⅱ cells. Western blot was used to investigate the effect of Polygonum cillinerve on the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） in AT-Ⅱ cells. Results：The Polygonum cillinerve group had a significantly lower number of AT-Ⅱ cells with MRSA invasion than the model group and the positive control group（471.57±34.32 vs. 1 014.54±127.51/810.05±101.33，P<0.05），as well as a significant－ly lower fibronectin adsorption ratio in AT-Ⅱ cells infected with MRSA（0.25±0.01 vs. 1.04±0.12/0.74±0.07，P<0.05）. Real-time PCR showed that MRSA significantly increased the levels of TLR2，NOD2，and downstream inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6（P<0.05），while Polygonum cillinerve significantly reduced their levels（P<0.05）. Western blot showed that Polygonum cillinerve sig－nificantly downregulated the expression of the proteins involved in the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Polygonum cillinerve can antagonize MRSA，and the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways might be involved in this process. It fur－ther regulates the pattern recognition receptors TLRs/NOD-like receptors and the downstream inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6.

Abstract:Objective：Osteonecrosis of the femoral head（ONFH），one of the widespread orthopaedic diseases with a decrease in bloodstream to the femoral head，is frequently accompanied by cellular death，trabecula fracture，and collapse of the articular surface. The exactly pathological mechanism of ONFH is unknown. The early and rapid diagnosis biomarkers for this disease remain to explore and further identify. Methods：High performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-Q-TOF/MS） in combination with multivariate statistical analysis was developed and performed to identify the metabolic profiling of urine from 26 ONFH patients and 26 healthy people. Results：Twenty-eight distinctly differential metabolites were detected between the ONFH patients and healthy people. Dipropyl disulfide，trimethylselenonium and carbamic acid were expected to be the potential biomarkers of ONFH. In addition，the up/down-regulation of purine metabolism，tyrosine metabolism，fructose and mannose metabolism were clearly be associated with the ONFH pathogenic progress. The results of bioinformatics analysis suggested a disturbance in energy metabolism，skeletal development，bone metabolism，mineral metabolism，lipid metabolism，lipid oxidation，vascular permeability and oxidative stress of the ONFH patients. Conclusion：Metabolomics could serve as a promising approach for identifying the diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the pathological mechanism of ONFH.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of emodin on regulatory T cell（Treg）/T helper 17 cell（Th17） balance in mice with se－vere acute pancreatitis and the possible mechanism. Methods：A total of 60 C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal control group，model control group，and drug group using a random number table，with 20 mice in each group. Cerulein combined with lipopolysac－charide was used to establish a mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis. After the model was established successfully，the mice in the drug group were given intraperitoneally injected with emodin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day，and those in the model control group and the normal control group were given normal saline at the same dose. The mice were sacrificed after anesthesia at 48 hours after ad－ministration. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of amylase，lipase，tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），diamine oxidase （DAO），and interleukin-10（IL-10）；flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of Treg cells and Th17 cells in the spleen；q-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of forkhead or winged helix transcription factor（Foxp3），retinoid acid-related or－phan receptor gamma t（RORγt），and Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） in the spleen. Results：Compared with the normal control group，the model control group had significant increases in the serum levels of lipase，amylase，TNF-α，DAO，and IL-10，the mRNA expression of Foxp3，RORγt，and TLR4，and the number of Treg and Th17 cells，as well as a significantly greater increase in the percentage of Th17 cells and a significant reduction in Treg/Th17 ratio（all P<0.05）. Compared with the model control group，the drug group had significant reductions in the serum levels of lipase，amy－lase，TNF-α，DAO，and IL-10，the mRNA expression of Foxp3，RORγt，and TLR4，and the number of Treg and Th17 cells and a significant increase in Treg/Th17 ratio（all P<0.05）. Conclusion：Emodin can significantly reduce the expression of TNF-α，DAO，and IL-10 and relieve inflammatory stress and oxidative stress response. It can also regulate Treg/Th17 balance，improve immune disorders，and thus play a role in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical value of systemic immune-inflammation index（SII） in assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods：A total of 57 patients with sepsis were enrolled as subjects. According to disease severity，these patients were divided into sepsis group with 30 patients and septic shock group with 27 patients；according to 28-day outcome，the patients were divided into survival group with 48 patients and death group with 9 patients. Related data were recorded at the time of admission to the intensive care unit，including SII，procalcitonin（PCT），Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ） score，and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment（SOFA） score. The sepsis group and the septic shock group were com－pared in terms of SII，blood PCT，APACHE Ⅱ，and SOFA. Spearman analysis was used to investigate the correlation between these in－dices. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to analyze the clinical value of SII，PCT，APACHE Ⅱ，and SOFA in evaluating the prognosis of patients with sepsis. Results：The sepsis group had a significantly lower SII than the septic shock group{[391.62（343.18，492.00）]×109/L vs. [1 454.17（689.96，2 467.52）]×109/L，P<0.05}. The sepsis group had a lower blood PCT level than the septic shock group{[10.03（1.02，51.47）] ng/mL vs. [12.56（2.00，53.57）] ng/mL，P>0.05}. The death group had significantly higher SII，APACHEⅡ score，and SOFA score than the survival group（P<0.05），while there was no sig－nificant difference in blood PCT level between the two groups（P>0.05）. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that SII was posi－tively correlated with APACHEⅡ score（r=0.628，P=0.001） and that SII was positively correlated with SOFA score in the patients with sepsis（r=0.638，P=0.001）. The ROC curve analysis showed that SII had an area under the ROC curve（AUC） of 0.914（P<0.05），PCT had an AUC of 0.519（P>0.05），and APACHEⅡ and SOFA had an AUC of 0.868（P<0.05）；SII had a cut-off value of 0.743. Conclusion：SII helps with early evaluation of disease severity and prognosis in patients with sepsis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of serum urea（Urea），creatinine（Creat），cystatin C（CysC），estimated glomerular filtra－tion rate（eGFRCysC and c-aGFR），and complement component 1q（C1q） in the diagnosis of lupus nephritis（LN）. Methods：A total of 560 patients with systemic lupus erythematous（SLE） who were admitted to our hospital from March to December，2017 were enrolled as subjects. In those patients，339 had the kidney uninvolved（SLE group），150 active LN（LNA group），and 71 inactive LN （LNI group）. Additionally，360 healthy individuals were used as controls（HC group）. Serum levels of Urea，Creat，Urea/Creat，CysC，and C1q were measured. eGFRCysC and c-aGFR were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these indices for LN. Results：There was a significant difference in each index between these groups（all P=0.000）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that C1q was not correlated with Creat，Urea，or Urea/Creat（r=0.046，P=0.160；r=0.011，P=0.748；r=-0.011，P=0.743），but negatively correlated with CysC，eGFRCysC，and c-aGFR（r=-0.183，P=0.000；r=-0.183，P=0.000；r=-0.075，P=0.023）. CysC was positively correlated with Urea and Creat（r=0.309，P=0.000；r=0.382，P=0.000），negatively correlated with c-aGFR（r=-0.430，P=0.000），but not correlated with Urea/Creat（r=0.003，P=0.927）. The analysis of the diagnostic performance of individual index for LN by re－ceiver operating characteristic curve revealed that eGFRCysC and CysC had the largest area under the curve（AUC=0.891，0.890），followed by C1q，Urea，Urea/Creat，c-aGFR，and Creat（AUC=0.804，0.660，0.630，0.547，0.501）. The maximum diagnostic performance was achieved by combined measurement of C1q，CysC，and c-aGFR，with a sensitivity of 89.3% and a specificity of 93.1%（AUC=0.962，YI=0.824）. The diagnostic performance was not further im－proved by increasing the number of indices. Conclusion：For the diagnosis of LN by a single index，CysC or eGFRCysC has the best diagnostic performance，followed by C1q. For the diagnosis by multiple indices，C1q，CysC，and c-aGFR are the optimal combination. Combined measurement of C1q and CysC is a more economic approach without comprising the optimal diagnostic performance.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of compound articaine（Primacaine） for infiltration anesthesia in endoscopic en－donasal dacryocystorhinostomy（EN-DCR） combined with stent implantation. Methods：A prospective study was performed for 69 pa－tients who planned to undergo EN-DCR in the left nasal cavity，and these patients were randomly divided into control group with 30 patients（2% lidocaine for infiltration anesthesia） and experimental group with 39 patients（compound articaine for infiltration anes－thesia）. The two groups were compared in terms of effective proportion，visual analogue scale of pain（VASp） during surgery，preoper－ative/postoperative heart rate and blood pressure，and intraoperative bleeding. The chi-square test and the independent samples t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results：There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in VASp score（44.36±11.65 vs. 52.67±12.02，t=2.897，P=0.005） and intraoperative blood loss[（3.87±0.95） mL vs. （4.17±0.95） mL，t=2.698，P=0.007]. There was no significant difference in effective proportion between the experimental group and the control group（89.74% vs. 76.67%， ?字2=1.298，P=0.2５５）. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in blood pressure and heart rate before and after surgery（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Compound articaine has a reliable effect in EN-DCR combined with stent implantation and is a modified local anesthetic which can replace 2% lidocaine for infiltration anesthesia.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation of growing pains and marginal vitamin A deficiency in children from Chongqing and surrounding areas，and provide evidence for the clinical treatment of growing pains. Methods：From December 2015 to September 2017，111 children with growing pains in our hospital were chosen as observation group，including 53 boys and 58 girls with an aver－age age of 5.8 years old. And 176 checkup children at the same period were selected as control group，including 100 boys and 76 girls with an average age of 4.8 years old. The serum level of vitamin A was measured by high performance liquid chromatography，and was compared between the two groups. Results：There were 70 children of marginal vitamin A deficiency in the observation group，and 87 in the control group. The rate of marginal vitamin A deficiency was significantly different between the two groups（70/111 vs. 87/176，chi-square test， χ2=5.104，P<0.05）. Conclusion：Marginal vitamin A deficiency may be associated with growing pains in children from Chongqing and surrounding areas.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the current status of elderly patients with hypertension in Chongqing，China，and to understand the prevalence，medical treatment，and disease management of elderly patients with hypertension. Methods：A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed for 497 elderly patients with hypertension who were admitted to Department of Geriatrics，Department of Cardiol－ogy，and Qinggang Nursing Center in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from February to June，2016. Results：A total of 497 usable questionnaires were collected，and the control rate of blood pressure was 55.73%. The univariate analy－sis showed that there were significant differences in age，blood pressure，drinking history，and frequency of hospital visits between the controlled blood pressure group and the uncontrolled blood pressure group. The completion rates of healthy lifestyle indicators were above 50%. There were high positive rates of the basic items and some recommended items in the laboratory examination for risk classification of hypertension. Of all respondents，24（4.83%） had simple hypertension and 473（95.17%） had concomitant diseases，with the highest number of 8 concomitant diseases. Of all respondents，275（55.33%） were treated with more than one antihypertensive drug，with the highest number of 4 drugs. Conclusion：Elderly patients with hypertension are characterized by the coexistence of mul－tiple diseases，multiple drug use，and difficulties in treatment. Comprehensive hospitals should set up a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode for elderly hypertensive patients，in order to provide comprehensive evaluations and reasonable treatment regimens.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of treatment timing of bronchoalveolar lavage（BAL） with chest X-ray recovery in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and atelectasis. Methods：A total of 215 children who were diagnosed with severe mycoplasma pneumonia and atelectasis in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled as subjects，and according to the course of disease at the time of BAL treatment，they were divided into group A（≤10 days，55 children），group B（10-20 days，94 children），and group C（≥ 21 days，66 children）. Chest X-ray was performed at one week and one month after surgery，and the recovery from atelectasis was compared between groups. Results：There was a significant difference in the recovery of chest radiograph between the three groups at one week after surgery，based on the Kruskal-Wallis H test（χ2=39.542，P=0.000）. Further comparison between two groups showed that group A had a significantly better recovery of chest radiograph than group C（P=0.000），and group B had a significantly better recovery of chest radiograph than group C（P=0.000），while there was no significant difference between group A and group B（P=0.026）. At one month after surgery，there was a significant difference in the recovery of chest radiograph between the three groups，based on the Kruskal-Wallis H test（χ2=58.717，P=0.000）. Further compari－son between two groups showed that group A had a significantly better recovery of chest radiograph than groups B and C（P=0.01 and 0.000），and group B had a significantly better recovery than group C（P=0.000）. Conclusion：In children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and atelectasis，early BAL intervention （within 10 days） can help to alleviate their conditions，promote imag－ing recovery，and improve prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of low-dose growth hormone（GH） supplementation on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer（IVF-ET）. Methods：From September 2017 to September 2018，76 young patients，aged <37 years，who did not obtain a high-quality embryo or achieve successful pregnancy after the previous cycle of IVF，were enrolled as subjects. In the subsequent cycle，the same regimen for ovulation induction was used，and low-dose GH was provided as a supplement during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation（COH）. A self-control study was performed to compare duration of gonadotropin（Gn），number of retrieved oocytes，number of transplantable embryos，rate of high-quality embryos，endometrial thickness，clinical pregnancy rate，implantation rate，and chemical or clinical pregnancy loss rate between the two cycles. Results：After the supplementation with GH，there were no significant changes in the total amount of Gn，serum estradiol level on the day of Gn withdrawal，endometrial thickness on the day of Gn withdrawal，number of retrieved oocytes，average number of transplantable embryos，and rate of cancellation due to no transplantable embryos（P>0.05），but there was a significant reduction in the number of days of Gn administration（10.39±1.38 vs. 11.14±1.78，P=0.004） and significant increases in the rate of high-quality embryos（18.9% vs. 0.0%），clinical pregnancy rate[51.32%（39/76） vs. 7.89% （6/76）]，and implantation rate [38.73%（55/142） vs. 5.00%（7/140）]. There were no significant change in chemical or clini－cal pregnancy loss rate（P>0.05）. Conclusion：For patients with poor embryo quality of unknown causes，low-dose GH supple－mentation in the second cycle of IVF can help to achieve a good pregnancy outcome.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of interleukin-22（IL-22） gene polymorphism with colon cancer in the Chinese population，since IL-22 is a member of the interleukin-10 family produced by T cells and innate lymphocytes and is closely associated with the development of inflammation and tumor. Methods：A case-control study was conducted in 540 patients with colon cancer and 540 healthy controls. 5’-Exonuclease assay was used to analyze the three common polymorphisms of the IL-22 gene，i.e.，-429 C/T，+1046 T/A，and +1995 A/C. The Pearson chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables，and the Student’s t-test was used for comparison of continuous variables. Results：In the patients with colon cancer，there were significant increases in the frequen－cies of IL-22 -429 TT genotype（odds ratio[OR]=1.69，95% confidence interval[CI]：1.24-2.30，P=0.001） and -429 T allele（OR=1.35，95%CI=1.14 to 1.60，P=0.001）；there were still significant differences after Bonferroni correction（P<0.017）. The further stratifi－cation analysis showed that the patients with poorly differentiated colon cancer had a significantly higher frequency of IL-22 -429 TT genotype than those with moderately differentiated or well-differentiated colon cancer（OR=1.45，95%CI=1.02 to 2.07，P=0.04０），while the polymorphism of IL-22 -429 C/T was not associated with the location，tumor size，growth pattern，and TNM stage of colon cancer. The polymorphisms of IL-22 +1046 T/A and IL-22 +1995 A/C were not associated with colon cancer（P=0.98０ and 0.75０）. Conclusion：The polymorphism of IL-22 -429 C/T may be associated with colon cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the difference in the expression of microRNA（miR）-221/222 and its target gene in the placenta between normal pregnant women and pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy（ICP）， the effect of miR-221/222 on the expression of target gene according to a cell experiment，and the role of miR-221/222 in the pathogenesis of ICP. Methods：A total of 40 placenta samples were collected from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with ICP，all of whom underwent cesarean section in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2015 to March 2016，with 20 samples from each group. miRNA was extracted and qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-221/222 in the placenta. Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter（ASBT），also known as SLC10A2，was predicted to be the target gene of miR-221/222，and Western blot was used to measure the expression of ASBT in the placenta from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with ICP. Normal HTR-8 cells were transfected with miR-221/222 mimic wrapped with Lipofectaine 2000；qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-221/222，and Western blot was used to measure the expression of ASBT protein after transfection. Results：After correction with the internal control U6，the expression of miR-221 in the ICP and normal placenta was 1.066±0.044 and 0.053±0.009，respectively，and the expression of miR-222 in the ICP and normal placenta was 13.724±4.355 and 0.833±0.189，respectively，suggesting that miR-221/222 was significantly upregulated in the ICP placenta（P <0.05）. The ICP group had significantly lower expression of SLC10A2 than the normal group（0.328±0.102 vs. 0.604±0.119，P=0.000）. After correction with the internal control ACTIN，the expression of ASBT was 0.338±0.064 in the miR-221 transfection group and 0.583±0.040 in the control group；the expression of ASBT was 0.371±0.024 in the miR-222 transfection group and 0.624±0.031 in the control group，suggesting that the transfection group had significantly lower expression of ASBT than the control group. Conclusion：There is an increase in the expression of miR-221/222 in the ICP placenta and a reduction in the expression of its predicted target gene ASBT. The cell experiment shows a reduction in the expression of ASBT in the miR-221/222 transfection group. There may be a negative regulation between them， which affects the reabsorption of bile acid in the intestinal tract and its transport in the liver among pregnant women， thus leading to ICP.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical value of symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing（CPET） in the quantitative evaluation of cardiopulmonary function before and after percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）. Methods：A total of 12 healthy in－dividuals and 12 patients who were diagnosed with coronary heart disease by coronary angiography and planned to undergo PCI were enrolled，and CPET was performed for the quantitative evaluation of cardiopulmonary function before and after PCI. The CPET param－eters were interpreted by standardized analysis. Left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） was measured at the same time. The changes in CPET parameters after PCI and their correlation with LVEF were analyzed. Results：There was a significant change in LVEF after PCI（42.83%±5.92% vs. 45.08%±4.76%，P<0.05）. As for the core CPET parameters，compared with the normal control group，the pre-PCI group had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake（1.41±0.46 L/min vs. 1.99±0.19 L/min，P<0.05），anaerobic threshold（0.87±0.23 L/min vs. 1.22±0.19 L/min，P<0.05），peak oxygen pulse （11.43±3.29 mL/time vs. 14.18±2.59 mL/time，P<0.05），oxygen uptake efficiency plateau（40.13±5.18 vs. 47.10±4.44，P<0.05），peak load power（112.00±51.10 W vs. 162.00±17.60 W，P <0.05），and increasing power movement time（5.28±1.81 min vs. 6.47±0.80 min，P<0.05） and significantly higher slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide（27.85±4.81 vs. 23.01±2.63，P<0.05） and mini－mum ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide（29.55±3.90 vs. 25.06±2.43，P<0.05）；in the post-PCI group，these parameters were 1.59±0.33 L/min，1.02±0.20 L/min，12.37±2.72 mL/time，39.20±5.60，26.93±2.88，29.30±2.82，132.00±31.70 W，and 6.21±1.05 min，respectively，and compared with the pre-PCI group，the post-PCI group had significant increases in peak oxygen uptake，anaerobic threshold，peak oxygen pulse，peak load power，and increasing power movement time（P<0.05），while there were no significant differences in oxygen uptake efficiency plateau，slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide，and minimum ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide between the pre-PCI group and the post-PCI group（P>0.05）. The core CPET parameters were highly correlated with LVEF（absolute r value=0.579-0.908，all P<0.05）. Conclusion：The core CPET parameters can be used for noninvasive quanti－tative monitoring of changes in cardiopulmonary function after PCI and has a good clinical value.

Abstract:Objective：To examine bacteriological distribution and relative factors of nosocomial infection in the rehabilitation depart－ment of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Methods：The clinical data from 156 patients with and 1 605 patients without nosocomial infection from January 2014 to December 2017 were collected by reviewing the patients’ medical histories and the Xinglin nosocomial infection monitoring system. The bacteriological distribution and relative factors of nosocomial infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results：The nosocomial infection rate in the rehabilitation department during the study period was 8.86%（2014：7.16%；2015：7.73%；2016：10.34%；and 2017：10.61%）. A total of 235 isolates were collected，including 178 gram-negative（G－） bacteria（75.74%），49 gram-positive（G+） bacteria （20.85%），and 8 fungi（3.40%）. The most common G－ pathogen was Escherichia coli（80，34.04%），and the most common G+ pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus（18，7.66%）. Among the 5 most common bacterial strains，Acinetobacter baumannii accounted for the highest proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria（73.91%）. Urinary infection，respiratory infection，and blood infection accounted for 55.65%，20.87%，and 8.70% of cases，respectively. The main disease with nosocomial infection was stroke，accounting for 36.60% of cases. Patients with spinal cord injury had the highest nosocomial infection rate of 63.08%. Male sex（OR=2.105，95%CI=1.440-3.076，P=0.000），indwelling catheter（OR=4.629，95%CI=3.087-6.942，P=0.000），tracheotomy（OR=2.427，95%CI=1.293-4.557，P=0.006），and activities of daily living（ADL） score of <60（OR=13.455，95%CI=7.585-23.869，P=0.000） were factors that increased susceptibility to nosocomial infection in the department of rehabilitation. Indwelling gastric tube（OR=0.312，95%CI=0.166-0.587，P=0.000） might be a protective factor. Conclusions：The common pathogens were gram-negative bacteria，with a high proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Urinary infections were most common. The main disease with nosocomial infection was stroke，while the patients with spinal cord injury had the highest nosocomial infection rate. Male sex，indwelling catheter，tra－cheotomy，and ADL score of <60 were the risk factors for nosocomial infection.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the optimal method of diagnosis and treatment for patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome （OVSS）. Methods：The clinical data of six patients with OVSS were retrospectively analyzed. Results：Among the six patients，five cases had type Ⅱ and one had type Ⅲ OVSS，according to the anatomical classification. All six patients were examined by ultrasonography. Four cases had uterus didelphys，and two had a complete uterine septum. In addition，three cases had a right oblique septum，and three cases had a left oblique septum. All patients were found to have ipsilateral renal agenesis. All cases underwent oblique vaginal septum resection，and hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy was performed in three of them. During the surgery，two patients were diagnosed with endometriosis，and one with pelvic inflammatory disease and hydrosalpinx. Three patients had dysmenorrhea preopera－tively and relief of symptoms postoperatively. Two of the three patients with fertility requirement conceived naturally after the surgery. Conclusion：OVSS have diverse clinical manifestations，which usually result in misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis of this disease is the key to treatment. Oblique vaginal septum resection is the optimal treatment for OVSS.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical efficacy of traditional open reduction and internal fixation versus minimally invasive wrist arthroscopy in the treatment of unstable distal radius fracture. Methods：Eighty-six patients with unstable distal radial fracture who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into ob－servation group（n=41） and control group（n=45） according to different operation methods. The observation group underwent minimally invasive wrist arthroscopy，while the control group underwent traditional open reduction and internal fixation. The following indices were compared between the two groups：fracture healing time，the volar tilt angle，ulnar inclination angle，radial shortening，and modi－fied Sarmiento score before surgery and at 3 months after surgery，and the modified Gartland-Werley wrist function score and wrist joint range of motion at the last follow-up，as well as the incidence of complications. Results：There were no significant differences in fracture healing time and the volar tilt angle，ulnar inclination angle，radial shortening，and modified Sarmiento score before surgery and at 3 months after surgery between the two groups（P >0.05）. Compared with the control group，the observation group had significantly better wrist function and wrist joint range of motion in all directions at the last follow-up（P<0.05）；the observation group had significantly lower incidence rates of joint surface roughness and （traumatic） arthritis during the follow-up（P <0.05）. Conclusion：Minimally invasive wrist arthroscopy can achieve similar recent fracture reduction to traditional open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of unstable distal radius fracture，but it has an ad－vantage in recovery of wrist function after fracture healing. Therefore，it holds promise for clinical application.