Abstract:Objective：To investigate the protective effect of quercetin against left ventricular hypertrophy in overload-pressure rats and possible mechanism through an animal experiment. Methods：Abdominal aorta coarctation（AAC） was performed to establish a rat model of left ventricular hypertrophy. After modeling，40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group，AAC group，quercetin group，and EX527 group，with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the sham-operation group and the AAC group were given normal saline by gavage and intraperitoneal injection every day，those in the quercetin group were given 50 mg/（kg·d） quercetin by gavage and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline every day，and those in the EX527 group were given intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/（kg·d） EX527，an SIRT1 specific inhibitor，and 50 mg/（kg·d） quercetin by gavage every day. After 4 weeks of intervention，heart mass index was calculated；echocardiogra－phy was performed to evaluate cardiac function and left ven－tricular posterior wall thickness；Masson staining was performed to observe the degree of myocardial fibrosis；immunohistochem－ical staining and Western blot were used to measure the protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ（ColⅠ），collagen Ⅲ（ColⅢ），silent information regulator 1（SIRT1），and nuclear factor-?资B（NF-?资B）. Results：Quercetin increased the protein expression of SIRT1（1.000±0.000 in the sham-operation group，0.364±0.071 in the AAC group，1.138±0.070 in the quercetin group，and 0.293±0.092 in the EX527 group；F=240.539，P=0.000） and reduced heart mass（1.139±0.053 in the sham-operation group，1.300±0.056 in the AAC group，0.998±0.085 in the quercetin group，and 0.924±0.054 in the EX527 group；F=47.296，P=0.000），left ventricular posterior wall thickness（1.587±0.136 in the sham-operation group，2.657±0.355 in the AAC group，1.800±0.200 in the quercetin group，and 2.700±0.306 in the EX527 group；F=37.304，P=0.001），and the degree of myocardial fibrosis（8.515±1.343 in the sham-operation group，23.832±1.095 in the AAC group，13.260±0.674 in the quercetin group，and 24.162±1.312 in the EX527 group；F=278.741，P=0.000）. It also reduced the protein expression of ColⅠ（1.000±0.000 in the sham-operation group，3.132±0.372 in the AAC group，1.556±0.164 in the quercetin group，and 2.819±0.368 in the EX527 group；F=82.083，P=0.000），ColⅢ（1.000±0.000 in the sham-operation group，2.395±0.437 in the AAC group，1.583±0.287 in the quercetin group，and 2.434±0.461 in the EX527 group；F=23.608，P=0.024），and NF-?资B（1.000±0.000 in the sham-operation group，5.498±0.642 in the AAC group，3.637±0.715 in the quercetin group，and 5.125±0.682 in the EX527 group；F=79.912，P=0.005）. The use of EX527 reduced the protein expres－sion of SIRT1（P=0.000），increased heart mass，left ventricular posterior wall thickness，and degree of myocardial fibrosis（P=0.001，P=0.000，P=0.000），and upregulated the protein expression of ColⅠ，ColⅢ，and NF-?资B（P=0.001，P=0.024，P=0.023）. Conclusion：Quercetin can reduce the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in overload-pressure rats，possibly by regulating the SIRT1/NF-?资B pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the properties and function of two negative regulatory DNA sequences in intron 7 of the coronary heart disease-related SLC22A3 gene，and to determine if they are silencers or insulators. Methods：The DNase Ⅰ sensitivity of the two negative regulatory sequences in the cultured cell lines was analyzed using bioinformatics. A bacterial artificial chromosome li－brary containing the full-length human SLC22A3 gene was used as a template to amplify the two negative regulatory sequences by PCR. Using pGL3-Control as a vector，the two sequences were inserted between the promoter and the enhancer and the downstream of the enhancer of luciferase reporter gene to construct four recombinant plasmids. These plasmids were co-transfected together with the internal control plasmid pRL-SV40 into HEK293T cells. pGL3-Control was used as a blank control. The luciferase activity was deter－mined in 24 hours. Results：The two negative regulatory sequences were both located in the DNase Ⅰhypersensitive sites，suggesting that they were both cis-regulatory elements. The four recombinant plasmids，pGL3-con-SLCi7-447X，pGL3-con-SLCi7-447S, pGL3-con-SLCi7-460X，and pGL3-con-SLCi7-460S, had significantly lower luciferase activities than the blank control（2.353±0.323，3.046±0.415，3.016±0.119，3.833±0.282 vs. 7.423±0.230，P<0.05）. Conclusion：Two negative regulatory elements are iden－tified in intron 7 of the SLC22A3 gene. They act as silencers and their negative regulatory function is independent of their positions. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on regulation of expression of the coronary heart disease-related SLC22A3 gene.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effect of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1（TGR5） activation on endothelin-1（ET-1）-induced oxidative stress in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes，and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods：Primary cultured car－diomyocytes were treated with ET-1 at concentrations of 10-8，10-7，and 10-6 mmol/L for 12，24，36，and 48 hours to establish a car－diomyocyte model of oxidative stress. After model establishment，cells were treated with INT-777（TGR5 agonist），TGR5 siRNA （TGR5 expression inhibition），or empty virus for 48 hours. The survival rate of cardiomyocytes was observed by CCK-8 assay. The content of malondialdehyde（MDA），superoxide dismutase（SOD），and lac－tate dehydrogenase（LDH） was determined by biochemical kits. The protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor－2（Nrf2） in the nucleus was measured by Western blot. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 downstream antioxidant genes such as heme oxy－genase（HO-1），quinone oxidoreductase（NQO-1），and thioredoxin reductase-1（Txnrd-1）. Results：ET-1 at concentrations of 10-8，10-7，and 10-6 mmol/L significantly reduced SOD activity and increased MDA expression（all P=0.000）；the oxidative stress of car－diomyocytes was enhanced with the increases in ET-1 concentration and culture time. In the cells treated with 10-6 mmol/L ET-1，the content of MDA and LDH was significantly increased，SOD activity was significantly reduced，and the protein expression of Nrf2 and the mRNA expression of HO-1 and Txnrd-1 were significantly increased（all P=0.000）. The treatment with 30 μmol/L INT-777 effec－tively improved ET-1-induced oxidative stress：compared with the ET-1 group，the cardiomyocytes treated with INT-777 had a sig－nificantly higher survival rate（P=0.000），significantly reduced MDA and LDH，a significantly higher SOD activity，and significantly higher protein expression of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of HO-1，NQO-1，and Txnrd-1（all P=0.000）. Inhibition of TGR5 expression by virus partially blocked the improvement of cardiomyocyte injury by the TGR5 agonist，suggested by significantly reduced protein expression of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of HO-1，NQO-1，and Txnrd-1（all P=0.000）. Conclusion：TGR5 activation attenuates ET-1-induced oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes probably by activating Nrf2 downstream antioxidant genes such as HO-1，NQO-1，and Txnrd-1.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the risk factors for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction（STEMI） with left ventricular aneurysm（LVA） after primary percutaneous coronary intervention（pPCI）. Methods：A total of 240 patients who were diagnosed with STEMI and underwent pPCI in our hospital form January 2017 to June 2018 were divided into LVA group（n=32） and non-LVA group（n=208） according to the presence or absence of LVA. A logistic regression model was established based on the basic information of the patients as well as their clinical data and auxiliary examination results to retrospectively analyze the risk factors for LVA. Results：The incidence of LVA gradually increased with the grade of total ischemic time（<6 h，6-12 h，>12 h）（χ2=12.40，P=0.000）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that total ischemic time（OR=1.400，95%CI=1.163 to 1.687，P=0.000），heart rate（beats per minute，bpm） on admission（OR=1.054，95%CI＝1.011 to 1.099，P=0.014），Killip class ≥Ⅱ（OR=14.041，95%CI=3.131 to 62.970，P=0.001），≥4 adjacent leads with ST-segment elevation（OR=7.419，95%CI＝1.222 to 45.053，P=0.029），and final thrombol－ysis in myocardial infarction（TIMI） flow grade ≤2 after PCI（OR=12.034，95%CI=1.456 to 99.450，P=0.021） were the independent risk factors for LVA. However，previous angina pectoris was a protective factor against LVA（OR=0.066，95%CI=0.010 to 0.424，P=0.004）. Conclusion：Cardiovascular doctors should assess the risk of LVA in time. Achieving a TIMI flow grade 3 by pPCI may be important for preventing LVA.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of mitral valvuloplasty in the treatment of children with mitral insufficiency. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 135 children（55 males and 80 females） who had undergone a mi－tral valvuloplasty in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 1，2008 to July 1，2018. The surgical ap－proaches included mitral commissurotomy（90 cases），annuloplasty（13 cases），cleft suture（29 cases），double-orifice valve repair（20 cases），shortening of chordae tendineae（5 cases），and triangular resection（5 cases）. Concomitant intracardiac anomalies were treated simultaneously if present. The paired t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the operation by comparing the following preopera－tive and postoperative results：degree of regurgitation，left atrial diameter（LAD），left ventricular end-diastolic diameter（LVDd），left ventricular end-systolic diameter（LVDs），and left ven－tricular ejection fraction（LVEF）. Results：All of the 135 chil－dren had a successful operation，and no death occurred during the operation. The in-hospital mortality rate was 5.2%，and the reoperation rate was 2.3%；125 children remained in the clinic follow-up，with a loss to follow-up rate of 8.8%；the mean fol－low-up duration was （18.2±15.2） months. After the operation，there were significant reductions in the mean values of LAD，LVDd，and LVDs[（20.0±5.8） mm，（33.7±6.3） mm，and （21.6±4.9） mm，respectively，P=0.000]，and a significant increase in LVEF [（68.7±4.6）%，P=0.000]；82.5% of the children had their regurgitation reduced to a moderate or lower degree. Conclusion：Mitral valvuloplasty has a definitive effect in the treatment of children with mitral insufficiency with few complications observed，which makes it the optimal surgical approach for the disease；other concomitant intracardiac anomalies can be simultaneously treated if pre－sent，with a good outcome to be expected.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the high-risk factors for children with fulminant myocarditis and to provide a reference for early clinical diagnosis and intervention. Methods：A total of 222 children with viral myocarditis diagnosed from January 2012 to January 2018 were included in fulminant myocarditis group（n=57） and non-fulminant myocarditis group（n=165）. The chi-square test or t-test was used for analysis of clinical symptoms and signs，electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings，and serological exami－nation results for the two groups of patients. Statistically significant（P<0.05） indices were selected for logistic regression analysis and the plotting of receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve. Results：In the fulminant myocarditis group，12 patients（21.05%） died. Among them，7 patients died within 1 day of admission. The other 5 patients had no remission during hospitalization and were found to be dead through telephone follow-up after hospital discharge. There was no death in the non-fulminant myocarditis group. The children in the fulminant myocarditis group were older and had more clinical manifestations of vomiting，anorexia，edema，poor pe－ripheral circulation，hypourocrinia，convulsion，hypotension，and disturbance of consciousness，as compared with those in the non-ful－minant myocarditis group. The electrocardiogram of the fulmi－nant myocarditis group showed pathological Q waves，ventricular premature beats，left bundle branch block，ventricular tachycar－dia，and QRS duration prolongation. According to the serological examination，troponin Ⅰ，brain natriuretic peptide，serum creati－nine，urea nitrogen，and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase increased，and hypokalemia and reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening were more severe in the fulminant myocarditis group than in the non-fulminant my－ocarditis group（P<0.05）. The logistic regression analysis showed that hypotension（OR=7.248，95%CI＝1.352 to 38.860，P=0.021），LVEF reduction（OR=63.720，95%CI=8.234 to 493.115，P=0.000），prolonged QRS duration（OR=1.043，95%CI＝1.002 to 1.085，P=0.039），and age（OR=1.193，95% 95%CI=1.013 to 1.404，P=0.034） were independent predictive factors for fulminant myocarditis. The area under the ROC curve（AUC） of LVEF was 0.737（OR=0.000，95%CI=0.641 to 0.833），and the calculation of the Youden index yielded a cut-off value of 58.5%，a sensitivity of 0.87，and a specificity of 0.64. The AUC of QRS duration was 0.71（OR=0.000，95%CI=0.625 to 0.795）；the cut-off point value was 79.5 ms，the sensitivity was 0.80，and the specificity was 0.55. The AUC of age was 0.725（OR=0.000，95%CI=0.649 to 0.802）；the cut-off point value was 3.35 years，the sensitivity was 0.84，and the specificity was 0.59. Conclusion：The fatality of fulminant myocarditis is high，and hypotension and LVEF reduction are independent risk factors for it.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with cardiac pacemaker implantation. Methods：The clini－cal data of patients with a mean age of （66.96±58.14） months（range，2 hours to 227 months），who underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation in our hospital from September 2011 to October 2017，were retrospective analyzed，including etiology，clinical manifesta－tions，auxiliary examination，pacing methods，cardiac size after implantation，and changes in cardiac function. Results：A total of 68 children were collected，including 61 with temporary pacemaker implantation and 7 with permanent pacemaker implantation in early stage. In the temporary pacemaker group，25 children were treated with epicardial pacemaker implantation during cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease，and 36 children were treated with endocardial pacemaker implantation，including 25 cases of fulminant my－ocarditis，5 cases of Ⅲ-degree atrioventricular block after surgery for congenital heart disease，3 cases of arrhythmia（1 of Ⅲ-degree atrioventricular block after catheter ablation，1 of atrial tachycardia，and 1 of ventricular tachycardia），3 cases of cardiomyopathy with Ⅲ-degree atrioventricular block and supraventricular tachycardia. All the 61 children were given drug therapy simultaneously with temporary pacemaker implantation，46 of whom recovered sinus rhythm within 4 weeks，including 20（20/25，80%） treated with epicardial pacing and 26 treated with endocardial pacing[20（20/25，80%） of fulminant myocarditis，2（2/5，40%） of congenital heart disease，3（3/3，100%） of arrhythmia，and 1（1/3，33.3%） of cardiomyopathy]. Eight children were eventually implanted with permanent pacemaker，six died，and 1 abandoned treatment. The etiologies of 7 children with permanent pacemaker implan－tation in early stage included QT prolongation syndrome in 1 case，congenital sick sinus syndrome in 1 case，fulminant my－ocarditis in 1 case（temporary pacemaker implanted in the other hospital），and Ⅲ-degree atrioventricular block with attack of Adams-Strokes syndrome（unknown etiology） in 4 cases. There were 3 children with electrode displacement during temporary pacing，and 1 with skin pouch infection after permanent pacemaker im－plantation. The temporary pacemaker group showed a significant change in left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter after implantation，and the permanent pacemaker group showed a significant change in left ventricular end-di－astolic diameter after implantation（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Temporary cardiac pacing can ensure the blood supply of important organs，gain time for drug treatment，and ensure the recovery of cardiac function. Permanent cardiac pacemaker should be implanted if sinus rhythm is not restored within 4 weeks after temporary pacemaker implantation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical features of primary endocardial fibroelastosis（EFE） and the factors affecting its prog－nosis. Methods：A total of 150 children with EFE（52 males and 98 females） who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2008 to April 2018 were enrolled. The age，body weight，clinical symptoms，personal history，and auxiliary examinations of the children at disease onset were collected. Among these patients，92 were followed up after discharge from the hospital and were divided into remission group（n=75） and deterioration group（n=17） according to their cardiac function and auxiliary examination results at follow-up. The chi-square test and U test were used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of age and body weight of the patients at disease onset，maternal infection his－tory，cardiac function，and cardiothoracic ratio at initial diagnosis，status of gamma-globulin treatment，and duration of follow-up with prognosis. Results：The median age and median body weight of the 150 children at disease onset were 163 days and 7 kg，respectively；71.33% of the patients had a prodromal infection within two weeks，72% had respiratory symptoms as their earliest manifestations，71.33% had a cardiac function of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ，28.67% had a cardiac function of grade Ⅲ，and 31.33% had a cardiothoracic ratio of ≥0.70 at initial diagnosis. The median endocardial thickness，mean LVDd，median LVFS，and mean LVEF were 2.5 mm，42.09 mm，18%，and 38%，respectively. Fifty-five point three-three percent of the patients had positive viral antibody test results. Among the 92 children being regularly followed up，there were signifi－cant differences in age at disease onset，duration of follow-up，and cardiothoracic ratio between the remission group and the deterioration group（P<0.05），but there were no significant differences in sex，maternal infection history，cardiac functional grading at initial diagnosis，or status of gamma-globulin treatment between the two groups（P>0.05）. After correction of the confounding factors such as sex，age at disease onset，maternal infection history，cardiac functional grading at initial diagnosis，and status of gamma-globulin treatment using binary logistic regression，the percentage of remitted children with a cardiothoracic ratio of <0.7 at initial diagnosis increased significantly（OR=6.89，95%CI=1.54 to 25.68），and the percentage of remitted children with a regular follow-up of <2 years decreased significantly（OR=0.11，95%CI=0.03 to 0.49）. Conclusion：EFE is prevalent in infants and young children，most of whom have a history of prodromal infection or maternal infection. An initial cardiothoracic ratio of <0.7 and a follow-up of >2 years are protective factors for remission of the disease.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate clinical characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM） of children，and improve the awareness of it. Methods：The clinical characteristics，including onset age，symptoms，examinations and prognosis，of patients diagnosed as DCM in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，from January 1，2012 to December 31，2018，were retrospectively analyzed. Results：Totally，a sum of 68 children were enrolled，with a ratio of 1∶1.125 between male and female. The mean onset age was （86.6±47.6） months，and the incidence was highest in children aged 1 to 6 years，accounting for 39.7%. When onset，the functional class（FC） was evaluated as Ⅰ（2.9%），Ⅱ（26.5%），Ⅲ（38.2%） and Ⅳ（32.4%）. The echocardiography displayed that left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） was （36.4±9.5）%， and left ventricular shortening fraction（LVFS） was （20±5.3）%. Patients were followed up for 1 to 84 months，among which 30 cases（44.1%） were improved，5 cases（7.4%） deteriorated，14 cases（20.6%） were in stable condition，12 cases（17.6%） died，and 7 cases（10.3%） lost. The survival rates at the first，second，third and fifth year were 80.9%，69.4%，63.4% and 62.9%，respectively. The initial LVEF and LVFS varies，with a statistical difference，from groups with different prognosis（LVEF：F=3.920，P=0.019；LVFS：F=4.720，P=0.005）. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was higher in the death group and the worsening group than that in other groups. Conclusion：It concludes that DCM occurs in children at an early age. FC，LVEF and the incidence of ventricular arrythmias at baseline were significantly correlated with prognosis. Additionally，a long-term follow-up is important for children with DCM.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the causes，common locations，prognosis，prognostic factors，and intervention timing of residual shunt after ventricular septal defect（VSD） repair in children. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 239 patients with residual shunt who underwent VSD repair in The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2013 to January 2017，including sex，age at the time of surgery，body weight，preoperative pressure difference between the left and right ventricles，preoperative VSD shunt direction，patch material，cardiopulmonary bypass time，size and location of resid－ual shunt，and blood flow velocity of residual shunt. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the in－fluencing factors for prognosis. Results：No intervention was performed for 239 patients with residual shunt；among these patients，155 （64.85%） achieved spontaneous healing of residual shunt and 84 （35.15%） did not achieve healing. Of all patients，219 had a resid－ual shunt of <4 mm，among whom 153（69.86%） achieved spontaneous healing，and 20 had a residual shunt of >4 mm，among whom only 2（10%） achieved spontaneous healing. The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative pressure difference between the left and right ventricles（P=0.028），cardiopulmonary bypass time（P=0.006），size of residual shunt（P=0.003），and blood flow velocity of residual shunt（P=0.00） were influencing factors for prognosis（P<0.05），and the multivariate Cox regression analy－sis showed that cardiopulmonary bypass time（P=0.017） and blood flow velocity of residual shunt（P=0.019） were the main influencing factors for prognosis. Conclusion：Residual shunt is commonly observed in the upper and lower edges of the patch and the interventricular septum. Most patients with a residual shunt of <4 mm can achieve spontaneous healing，and blood flow velocity of residual shunt and cardiopulmonary bypass time are the main influencing factors for prognosis. Active intervention should be performed for patients with a residual shunt of >4 mm which does not decrease during follow-up for more than 1 year or those with clinical symptoms.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the predictive efficiency of age-combined Charlson co-morbidity index（ACCI） for the prognosis of in-hospital cardiac arrest（IHCA） in patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS），and to provide some recommendations for prog－nostic evaluation in clinical practice. Methods：A case analysis was performed for ACS patients who experienced IHCA in three grade A tertiary hospitals in Fujian Province，China. The data on general information，comorbidities before IHCA，and prognosis were collected，and ACCI score was calculated，with 0-2 points as low risk，3-5 points as moderate risk，6-8 points as high risk，and ≥9 points as extremely high risk. The prediction efficiency of ACCI for patient prognosis was analyzed. Results：A total of 320 ACS patients who experienced IHCA were enrolled，with a hospital discharge rate of 21.2%. Median ACCI was 5（range 4-7），and there was a significant difference in ACCI between the survival group and the hospital death group（P<0.001）. Compared with the low-risk group，the moderate-risk，high-risk，and extremely high-risk groups had odds ratios for hospital discharge of 0.49（0.11-1.33），0.11（0.03-0.41）（P<0.05），and 0.15（0.30-0.77）（P<0.05），respectively. After being combined with age，Charlson co-morbidity index（CCI） had an increased area under the receiver operating characteristic curve（0.68 vs. 0.76） and an increased specificity（76% vs. 85%）. Conclusion：ACS patients with a higher ACCI tend to have poorer prognosis of IHCA. After being combined with age，CCI has im－proved predictive efficiency and increased sensitivity and speci－ficity.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the therapeutic effects of temporary cardiac pacing as a rescue treatment in children with fulminant myocarditis，and to explore the indications for pacing and prognosis of these children. Methods：The clinical data of 23 children with fulminant myocarditis who received temporary cardiac pacing were retrospectively analyzed，and relevant literature was reviewed. Results：The development of fulminant myocarditis in the 23 children were characterized by acute onset，rapid progression，and occur－rence of life-threatening malignant arrhythmias and acute hemodynamic disorders within a short term. All children survived to hospi－tal discharge after installation of a temporary cardiac pacemaker on the basis of high-dose corticosteroids，gamma globulin，and other drugs，and 82.6% of the children regained sinus rhythm. Conclusion：When fulminant myocarditis is complicated by unsuccessful drug-treated severe arrhythmia or life-threatening acute hemodynamic disorders，timely temporary cardiac pacing is a safe and effec－tive first-aid measure and is conducive to follow-up treatment.

Abstract:Infantile hemangioma is a common benign vascular tumor of infancy. Involution often commences within several years after onset in most infants，but some patients still cannot achieve spontaneous regression. Infantile hemangioma may also cause a series of sequelae. Therefore，the research on the mechanism of involution is the key to normal involution of infantile hemangioma. The forma－tion of adipocytes is an important pathological feature of infantile hemangioma in the involution phase，and adipogenic progenitor cells have always been a controversial topic in the academic community. With reference to the latest research advances，this article discusses the source of the large number of adipocytes that appear in the involution phase of infantile hemangioma and elaborates on the histo－logical and cytological viewpoints and the role of endothelial-mesenchymal transition，in order to provide new thoughts for clinical in－tervention of infantile hemangioma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of vildagliptin on vasodilation in rats and its mechanism. Methods：Male Sprague-Daw－ley rats were divided into control group（n=10） and vildagliptin group[6 mg/（kg·d），n=10]. These rats were treated for 6 months，and the thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries were harvested at the end of the 6-month treatment for analysis. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery was measured by wire myograph，the nitric oxide（NO） level was measured by colorimetry，and the protein and mRNA levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase（eNOS） were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR，respectively. Results：The results showed that acetylcholine（ACh）-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery was significantly different between groups（repeated measures ANOVA，F=25.388，P=0.001；F=15.713，P =0.005） and at different ACh concentrations（repeated measures ANOVA，F=664.954，P=0.000；F=440.579，P=0.000），with a significant interaction between treatment and concentration（F=5.905，P=0.002；F=8.446，P=0.000）. The maximum vasodilation of the thoracic aorta in the control group and the vildagliptin group was （84.20±1.21）% and （92.18±1.02）%，respectively（t=5.167，P=0.000）；the maxi－mum vasodilation of the mesenteric artery in the control group and the vildagliptin group was （86.57±2.21）% and （94.24±0.92）%，respectively（t=3.202，P=0.010）. The sensitivity to ACh of the arteries was improved（t=3.883，P=0.001；t= 4.459，P=0.001）. A signifi－cant increase in the NO level in the vildagliptin group was observed compared with that in the control group（t=6.019，P=0.000；t=4.848，P=0.000）. The protein level（t=6.193，P=0.000；t=4.895，P=0.001） and mRNA level（t=6.100，P=0.000；t=6.240，P=0.000） of eNOS in the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery were up-regulated in the vildagliptin group. Conclusion：Vildagliptin can promote vasodilation in rat thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery by up-regulating eNOS transcription and expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of Kindlin-2 RNA interference（RNAi） on rat vascular smooth muscle cell（VSMC） pro－liferation and related mechanism of action. Methods：Kindlin-2 small interfering RNA（siRNA） lentiviral vectors were constructed and then used to infect rat VSMCs. CCK-8 assay and the BrdU technique were used to assess the proliferation of VSMCs induced by re－combinant Wnt3a protein；quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of Kindlin-2，c-myc，and cyclinD1 in VSMCs；co-immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the association between Kindlin-2 and β-catenin；Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of Kindlin-2，β-catenin，phosphor-β-catenin（Ser675），glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β），and phosphor-GSK-3β（Ser9） in VSMCs. Results：Kindlin-2 siRNA lentiviral vectors effectively infected rat VSMCs. The CCK-8 and BrdU results indicated that Kindlin-2 RNAi significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs induced by Wnt3a（1.12±0.14 vs. 2.25±0.15，P=0.000；0.162±0.017 vs. 0.288±0.019，P=0.000）. Compared with the negative control group，the Kindlin-2 RNAi group had significantly lower mRNA expression of Kindlin-2，c-Myc，and cyclin D1（Kindlin-2：0.530±0.029 vs. 0.964±0.014，P=0.000；c-Myc：0.572±0.022 vs. 0.980±0.025，P=0.000；cyclin D1：0.590±0.035 vs. 0.979±0.009，P=0.002），and the Kindlin-2 RNAi+Wnt3a group also had significantly lower expression than the negative control group（Kindlin-2：0.569±0.027 vs. 0.964±0.014，P=0.000；c-Myc：0.741±0.026 vs. 0.980±0.025，P=0.001；cyclin D1：0.769±0.017 vs. 0.979±0.009，P=0.023）. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that Kindlin-2 could bind to β-catenin in VSMCs，and the Kindlin-2 RNAi+Wnt3a group had significantly lower protein expression of Kindlin-2，phosphor-β-catenin（Ser675），and phosphor-GSK-3β（Ser9） than the nega－tive control+Wnt3a group（Kindlin-2：0.468±0.029 vs. 0.725±0.033，P=0.001；phosphor-β-catenin：1.058±0.109 vs. 1.478±0.045，P=0.001；phosphor-GSK-3β：0.624±0.048 vs. 0.809±0.067，P=0.020）. There were no significant changes in the total levels of β-catenin and GSK-3β protein in each group（β-catenin：F=0.638，P=0.647；GSK-3β：F=0.781，P=0.563）. Conclusion：Kindlin-2 RNAi can inhibit VSMC proliferation via the Wnt signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the effect of intracoronary injection of recombinant human prourokinase thrombolysis combined with percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） on coronary blood flow，no-reflow incidence and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI）. Methods：A total of 139 patients with AMI who underwent emergency PCI in Nanyang Central Hospital from Decem－ber 2017 to June 2018 were divided into the thrombolysis group（n=78） and the thrombus aspiration group（n=61） according to the reperfusion method. Recombinant human prourokinase was conversely injected into the target vascular lesion in the thrombolysis group，while the thrombus aspiration was performed in the thrombus aspiration group. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction（TIMI） blood flow grading and TIMI myocardial perfusion grading before and after surgery，corrected TIMI frame count（CTFC） after surgery and cardiac function changes were compared between two groups. The no-reflow incidence after PCI，ST-segment resolution rate within 90 min，and the incidence of short-term and long-term adverse bleeding and cardiovascular events were statistically analyzed. Influencing factors of no-reflow after PCI in patients with AMI were summarized. Results：There was no significant difference in TIMI blood flow grading between two groups after surgery（P>0.05）. The no-reflow rate in the thrombolysis group was lower than that in the thrombus aspiration group（5.13% vs. 16.39%）（P<0.05）. CTFC in the thrombolysis group was lower than that in the thrombus aspiration group（P<0.05），and the ST-segment resolution rate was higher than that of the thrombus aspira－tion group（94.87% vs. 78.69%）（P<0.05）. Cardiac function indexes in the thrombolysis group at the 30th day after surgery were better than those in the thrombus aspiration group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding events or major cardiovascular adverse events between two groups at the post-operative 30th day and during 1 year of follow-up（P>0.05）. The time from onset to admission and myocardial ischemia time were risk factors for no-reflow after PCI in AMI（P<0.05）. Intraoperative thrombolysis was the protective factor. Conclusion：Intracoronary injection of recombinant human prourokinase combined with PCI can improve the perfusion of patients with AMI，reduce the incidence of no-reflow，and may improve the prognosis. The time from onset to admission and myocardial ischemia time are risk factors for no-reflow after PCI in AMI，while intraoperative thrombolysis is a protec－tive factor.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO） on venous neointimal hyperplasia（VNH） of arteriovenous fistula（AVF）. Methods：A total of 36 healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into sham-operation+renal failure group （sham-operation group），renal failure+AVF+HBO intervention group（experimental group），and renal failure+AVF group（control group），with 12 rabbits in each group. A model of chronic renal failure was established by adenine induction；the rabbits in the experi－mental group and the control group were used to establish a model of AVF，and those in the experimental group were given HBO therapy. Four rabbits were selected from each group on days 7，14，and 28 of HBO intervention，and the vessels of the vein with AVF were collected. HE staining was performed to evaluate intimal thickness，and immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to measure the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α），vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），and matrix metallopro－teinase-2（MMP-2）. Results：On day 28，VNH was not observed in the sham-operation group，and the mean thickness of VNH was 0.200 5±0.034 0 mm in the experimental group and 0.351 4±0.062 0 mm in the control group；there was a significant difference in the thickness of VNH between the three groups. On day 28，there was a significant difference in HIF-1α MOD between the sham-op－eration group，the control group，and the experimental group（0.003 1±0.000 8 vs. 0.201 6±0.046 1 vs. 0.099 1±0.027 6，P<0.05）. On day 28，VEGF MOD was 0.008 3±0.001 9 in the sham-operation group，0.214 3±0.052 6 in the control group，and 0.105 1±0.040 6 in the experimental group，and there was a significant difference in VEGF MOD between the three groups（P<0.05）. On day 28，MMP-2 MOD was 0.005 1±0.014 6 in the sham-operation group，0.238 4±0.090 3 in the control group，and 0.109 0±0.041 5 in the experimental group，and there was a sig－nificant difference in MMP-2 MOD between the three groups（P<0.05）. On day 28，the expression level of HIF-1α was 0.114 9±0.010 2 in the sham-operation group，0.193 7±0.016 6 in the control group，and 0.151 0±0.018 5 in the experimental group，and there was a significant difference in the expression level of HIF-1α between the three groups（P<0.05）. On day 28，the expression level of VEGF was 0.093 7±0.011 6 in the sham-operation group，0.214 3±0.052 6 in the control group，and 0.238 6±0.008 3 in the experimental group，and there was a significant difference in the expression level of VEGF between the three groups（P<0.05）. On day 28，the expression level of MMP-2 was 0.121 6±0.010 4 in the sham-operation group，0.229 5±0.026 0 in the control group，and 0.175 5±0.011 8 in the experimental group，and there was a significant difference in MMP-2 MOD between the three groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion：HBO therapy can downregulate the expression of HIF-1α，VEGF，and MMP-2 in AVF tissue and significantly inhibit VNH.

Abstract:Objective：To determine whether the incidence rate and risk and influencing factors for contrast-induced acute kidney in－jury（CI-AKI） in Uyghur patients in Hetian of Xinjiang，China are different from those in Han patients，and to gain insights into mea－sures that reduce the incidence and improve the prognosis of Uyghur CI-AKI patients. Methods：The clinical data of 486 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） and had postoperative renal function examination in Tianjin Chest Hospital and Hetian District People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were reviewed. Patients were divided according to their eth－nicity and the presence or absence of CI-AKI，and differences in risk factors and influencing factors were examined. Significant pa－rameters identified by the one-way ANOVA were subjected to logistic analysis. Results：Uyghur patients in Hetian had a significantly higher incidence rate of CI-AKI than Han patients in Tianjin （21.10% vs. 8.96%，P<0.001）. The rate of use of diuretic was significantly lower in total Han patients and Han CI-AKI patients than in total Uyghur patients and Uyghur CI-AKI patients（total patients：1.5% vs. 10.1%，P<0.001；CI-AKI patients：4.2% vs. 23.9%，P=0.047）. In addition，N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP） level was significantly lower in total Han patients than in total Uyghur patients[（860.58±93.89） ng/L vs. （1905.67±101.47） ng/L，P=0.024]，and significantly lower in Han CI-AKI patients than in Uyghur CI-AKI patients[（1509.70±327.69） ng/L vs. （2984.20±346.94） ng/L，P=0.019]. Similarly，high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was also significantly lower in total Han patients than in total Uyghur patients[（4.33±0.97） mg/L vs. （18.34±2.07） mg/L，P<0.001]，and significantly lower in Han CI-AKI patients than in Uyghur CI-AKI patients[（8.64±1.30） mg/L vs. （20.27±4.51） mg/L，P<0.001]. Compared with Uyghur pa－tients without CI-AKI，those with CI-AKI had significantly different rate of use of RAAS inhibitors（43.5% vs. 66.3%，P=0.005），dose of contrast agents[（162.41±18.63） mL vs. （126.93±12.63） mL，P=0.002]，left ventricular ejection fraction[（48.54±6.23）% vs. （54.34±5.52）%，P<0.001]，and NT-proBNP level[（2 984.20±346.94） mL vs. （1 636.04±134.27） mL，P=0.018]. Conclusion：Increasing the use of preoperative RAAS，im－proving cardiac function，and reducing postoperative diuretic can lower the risk of post-PCI CI-AKI in Uyghur patients.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the clinical experience and the effectiveness of surgery on coronary artery fistula with other in－tracardiac malformations in children. Methods：A total of 14 children （nine males and five females），aged 0.25-13.25 years old [mean （2.95±3.47） years old]，weighed 2.8-37 kg [mean（10.98±8.87） kg] and underwent surgery of coronary artery fistula combining with other intracardiac malformations in our department from March 2010 to June 2018 were included and retrospectively analyzed in this study. Results：All included children were operated successfully，with operation time of 105-305 min [mean（183.36±48.64） min]，cardiopulmonary bypass time of 40-172 min [mean（91.29±31.49） min]，aortic occlusion time of 16-107 min [mean（45.93±25.64） min]，postoperative hospitalization of 7-19 d [mean（10.79±3.14） d]，intensive care time of 1-9 d [mean（3.21±2.04） d]，postoperative ventilator assisted breathing time of 2h 44 min-6 d[mean（18.73±37.38） h] and intraoperative bleeding of 5-50 mL [mean（18.93±15.71） mL]. After operation，there were two children had pulmonary consolidation，two children had pleural effusion，one child had pneumothorax，one child had pericardial effusion，one child had complete right bundle branch block and one child had pericardial tamponade and emergency beside thoracotomy. No death occurred in the group. After a follow-up of 6 months-3 years，all included children didn’t experience in-hospital operation again and had good long-term survival. Conclusion：Diagnosed coronary artery fistula with other intracardiac malformations in children should be treated early，and the effectiveness of surgery is good.

Abstract:Objective：To study the association of interleukine-6（IL-6）-572 C/G polymorphism with hypertensive renal damage and the therapeutic effect of benazepril. Methods：Two hundred and eighty-four patients who were initially diagnosed with hypertension were enrolled，and then 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate（UAER） was measured. According to the results，the patients were divid－ed into hypertension group（UAER <20 ?滋g/min） and hypertensive renal damage group（UAER≥20 ?滋g/min）. The plasma levels of IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，and the IL-6-572 C/G gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. One hundred and sixty healthy subjects were selected as normotensive group. Then the patients were treated with benazepril as a basic antihypertensive drug，and the relationship between IL-6-572 C/G polymor－phism and the therapeutic effect of benazepril was evaluated. Results：In the normotensive group，the most common genotype of IL-6-572 C/G was GG，followed by GC and CC，with a C/G frequency of 40% and 60%，respectively；in the hypertensive group，CC was the most common genotype of IL-6-572 C/G，followed by GG and GC，with a C/G frequency of 51% and 49%，respectively；in the hyper－tensive renal damage group，CG was the most common genotype，followed by CC and GG，with a C/G frequency of 58% and 42%，respectively. There were significant differences in polymorphism and G/C frequency between the three groups（P<0.05）. The pa－tients with IL-6-572 GG genotype showed the greatest changes in IL-6 and UAER after benazepril therapy，followed by those with CC and CG genotypes. Conclusion：IL-6-572 C/G poly－morphism is associated with hypertensive renal damage and the response to benazepril therapy. Detection of IL-6-572 C/G genotype is useful for identifying high-risk patients with hypertensive renal damage and predicting the therapeutic effect of benazepril，so as to aid in the prevention and treatment of hypertensive renal damage.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of overweight and obesity on cardiac structure and function in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods：A total of 1183 patients ≥65 years of age with primary hypertension who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2014 to April 2018 were enrolled. The clinical data of patients including sex，age，body weight，systolic pressure，and diastolic pressure were collected. The echocardiographic parameters such as left atrial diame－ter（LAD），interventricular septal thickness（IVST），left ventricular posterior wall thickness（LVPWT），and left ventricular end-dias－tolic diameter（LVDd） were recorded，and left ventricular mass（LVM） and left ventricular mass index（LVMI） were calculated. Ac－cording to body mass index（BMI），61 patients were assigned to low-weight group（BMI<18.5 kg/m2），375 to normal-weight group （18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<23 kg/m2），530 to overweight group（23 kg/m2≤BMI<27.5 kg/m2），and 217 to obesity group（BMI≥27.5 kg/m2）. The clinical data and echocardiographic parameters were compared between the four groups，the correlation of BMI with the above indicators was analyzed，and an ordered multivariate regression analysis was conducted on BMI and correlated indicators. Results：Univariate correlation analysis showed that BMI was positively correlated with sex，body weight，smoking rate，alcohol consumption rate，history of hypertension，systolic pressure，constituent ratio of type 2 diabetes mellitus，fasting blood glucose，glycosylated hemoglobin，constituent ratios of fatty liver and gout，cardiac function，aortic dimension，IVST，LVPWT，LVDd，left ventricular end-systolic diameter（LVDs），LAD，LVW，LVMI，and consti－tution ratio of patients with mitral ratio of peak early to late di－astolic filling velocity（E/A）<1（P<0.05），but negatively corre－lated with age，high-density lipoprotein cholesterol，left ventricular fraction shortening（LVFS），and left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）（P<0.05）. The ordered multivariate regression analysis of sex，body weight，systolic pressure，history of hypertension，IVST，LVPWT，LVDd，LVDs，and other indicators showed that BMI was independently correlated with IVST，LVPWT，LVDd，LVM，and LV－MI（P<0.05）. Conclusion：In elderly patients with hypertension，overweight and obesity may lead to thicken the IVST and the LVPWT，enlargement of LVDd，and increases in LVM and LVMI. However，overweight and obesity are not independently correlated with cardiac systolic and diastolic function.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the current status of home blood pressure monitoring（HBPM） and its influencing factors in hos－pitalized hypertensive patients. Methods：A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in hypertensive patients who were hos－pitalized Department of Cardiology，The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，in May 2018 and had a duration of disease longer than 1 year，and relevant data were collected for analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing fac－tors for HBPM in hospitalized hypertensive patients. Results：Of the 105 patients included in the analysis，５２（49.5%） were males and ５３（50.5%） were females；the mean age was （71.3±9.8） years，and the duration of disease was between 1 and 40 years with the 1st quartile and the 3rd quartile to be 6.5 and 20 years，respectively. Eighty-three（79%） hospitalized hypertensive patients performed HBPM. A univariate analysis showed that the influencing factors for HBPM included educational level，level of hospital patients visited，smoking habit，knowledge of the concept of HBPM（ ?字2=18.335，7.385，3.834，and 65.561，respectively；P=0.000，0.025，0.050，and 0.000，respectively）. A multivariate logistic regression indicated that smoking habit and knowledge of the concept of HBPM may be the main influencing factors for HBPM in hospitalized hypertensive patients（OR=0.110 and 166.593，respectively；P=0.018 and 0.000，respectively）. Conclusion：Although there is a relatively high proportion of hospitalized hypertensive patients performing HBPM，it is necessary to promote the knowledge of HBPM in a convenient way（i.e.，internet media） and encourage hypertensive pa－tients to participate in HBPM-related training，which would strengthen patients’ understanding of HBPM and increase the proportion of patients performing HBPM in the population. Meanwhile，pa－tients should be urged to quit smoking，and their family should be provided with related health education.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Tibetans in Changdu，Tibet. Methods：This study included 1253 Tibetans who underwent physical examination in The Changdu People’s Hospital of Tibet from January 2016 to October 2017. Data were collected from questionnaire survey，physical examination，and biochemical examination. The rank sum test，chi-square test，and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0 to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of hyper－tension. Results：The prevalence of hypertension in the survey population was 49.8%，and it was not significantly different between males and females（51.2% vs. 48.5%， χ2=0.967，P=0.326）. However，in the age group over 60 years，the prevalence was significantly higher in males than in females（χ2=8.438，P=0.004）. Additionally，the prevalence of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that in non-diabetics（χ2=28.146，P=0.000）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the in－dependent risk factors for hypertension included advanced age（OR=1.072，95%CI＝1.059 to 1.086，P=0.000），high altitude（OR=1.463，95%CI=1.018 to 2.102，P=0.040），high body mass index（OR=1.526，95%CI=1.288 to 1.809，P=0.000），diabetes mellitus（OR=1.492，95%CI=1.121 to 1.986，P=0.006），increased heart rate（OR=1.010，95%CI=1.000 to 1.021，P=0.045），and elevated triglyc－erides（OR=1.642，95%CI=1.259 to 2.142，P=0.000）. Conclusion：The Tibetan population in Changdu，Tibet has a high prevalence of hypertension，which is closely related to their living environment. Therefore，it is necessary to strengthen health education on the prevention and treatment of hypertension，improve related med－ical knowledge，and focus on interventions among the relevant population，so as to improve their quality of life.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the nutritional status of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25（OH）D] in elderly patients with primary hypertension，and to explore the relationship between 25（OH）D level and dyslipidemia. Methods：A total of 185 elderly patients with primary hypertension were enrolled. The concentration of 25（OH）D was measured，and general information，blood glucose，blood lipids，and other data were collected. Patients were divided into four groups（Q1-Q4） according to the quartiles of their serum 25（OH）D levels. The correlation between serum 25（OH）D level and blood lipid profiles was analyzed，and binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors for dyslipidemia. Eighty patients with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia were se－lected（after signing informed consent），and were randomly divided into supplemented group and unsupplemented group. Both groups took atorvastatin calcium oral tablets（20 mg per night） to lower lipids，and the supplemented group took additional vitamin D3（400 U per day） based on lifestyle guidance. Serum 25（OH）D levels and blood lipids were measured again 3 months later. Results：The pro－portion of 25（OH）D deficiency cases in elderly patients with primary hypertension was as high as 70.3%. Compared with the Q4（highest） group，the Q1（lowest） group had significantly increased triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC），and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） levels，a significantly reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） level，and a significantly increased incidence of dyslipidemia. Correlation analysis showed that serum 25（OH）D was negatively correlated with TG，TC，LDL-C，and dys－lipidemia and was positively correlated with HDL-C. After adjusting for the other influencing factors，logistic regression analysis found that serum 25（OH）D was independently associated with the development of dyslipidemia. Serum 25（OH）D increased significantly in the supplemented group after 3 months，and the improvement in blood lipid profiles in the supplemented group was significantly better than that in the unsupplemented group. Conclusion：Serum 25（OH）D deficiency is common in elderly patients with primary hypertension，and 25（OH）D level is associated with dyslipi－demia. In the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in elder－ly patients with primary hypertension，vitamin D supplementa－tion can help improve dyslipidemia.